I yasebhange wemboni nomthethonqubo yayo

Izinguquko zakamuva emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba Ukhombisa kwencika elandayo lezisebenzi uthi ku ukusebenza sphere zezimali kanye credit. Unyaka ngamunye, izithakazelo uxhaso amabhizinisi, uhulumeni futhi abathengi zikhule kakhulu, ukukhonza la izidingo kanye ohlelweni olukhona yasebhange.

Uyini yasebhange

Amabhange ziyingxenye ebalulekile kwanoma iyiphi umnotho, ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, kazwelonke noma esifunda. Abantu, amabhizinisi, uhulumeni kanye nezinye link zezimali phakathi abahlanganyeli yasebhange.

IBhange kuyinto zezimali kanye sesikweletu, okuyinto ayisebenzisa ngayo imisebenzi ukheshi, izibambiso, izinsimbi kanye nezibopho, isihloko okuyizinto izimali noma ezinye kwezezimali, ezifana isivumelwano sokuthula ukunikezelwa.

Kukhona, ngomqondo ebanzi, ezimbili izinhlobo amabhange :

• Central Bank - somphakathi, okuyinto sihlukile kwezinye iziphathimandla ophethe izinqubomgomo zezimali kanye yemali, ukhiqiza kokuqondisa izikhungo zezimali, inikeza ekushayweni imali futhi uhulumeni izibambiso, ukubolekisa ukuze ngamabhange. Kwamabhange ingaphansi kweso Central Bank.
• yasebhange Commercial - isikhungo yangasese noma ezisungulwa ngenjongo yokukhipha inzuzo imisebenzi yasebhange.

Izimfuneko amabhange

Kube nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela ukusungulwa ibhange ngumlayo "On umsebenzi yasebhange", esinikela izidingo ezidingekayo ukuthola ilayisensi:

• inhlokodolobha siqu - izigidi ezingu-18;
• uhlu imibhalo;
• "Bangempela" intela ibhizinisi futhi indaba abasunguli;
• ukutholakala kwezinhlekelele kanye bofeleba netinhlavu kohlelo lwangaphakathi lokucwaningwa kwamabhuku.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi non-ukugcina uMthetho kufaka ukwenqaba ezicatshangisisiwe of Central Bank ukukhiphela ilayisensi. Futhi, uma inhlangano yawo ibe esemthethweni lucwaningo imali ebhange ngaphandle kwelayisensi esifanele, ozakudinywa zonke inzuzo ethathwe imisebenzi enjalo, futhi baphoqwa ukuba ngikhokhe inhlawulo ka kabili inani usayizi esivuna isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Kwamabhange futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa onedumela elihle ejensi yokulinganisela ezifana Fitch Isilinganiselwa, S & P, uMoody, nabanye. Ukuhlolwa yabo inquma nokwethenjelwa ukuzinza of credit izikhungo iminyaka eminingi, izilinganiso eliphezulu ebhange ukwandisa ukukhanga nezinye izinhlangano zezimali ukuba izimali zabo emabhange.

amasevisi ebhenki

imisebenzi yasebhange lisabalele, amabhange kakhulu ukwenza ezibalulekile kuphela ku ingxenye yazo, ngakho ngezigaba oluvumelekile uhlobo lomsebenzi:

• amabhange Universal. Ababandakanyeka cishe zonke izinhlobo imisebenzi yasebhange, ezifana Sberbank, VTB 24.
• Investment amabhange. Ukwenza utshalomali nasekuqageleni ezimakethe zezimali, ezifana BCS, le Finns.
• amabhange Yegatsha. Basuke ogxile wahlanganyela abolekise futhi inkonzo amabhizinisi, ezifana Agricultural Bank, ICB.
• amabhange ezikhethekile. Yenza uhla emincane izibopho yasebhange noma abe uhlelo inkonzo non-standard, ezifana Gazprombank, "Tinkoff".

Banking wemboni kuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo imisebenzi yasebhange :

• Ukubolekwa.
• Kweso.
• Okwenziwayo Izikhungo.
• amasevisi Brokerage.
• Investment.
• Ukushintshwa kwemali.
• Ukubekwa of amatshe ayigugu.
• Yokuqasha imisebenzi.
• ukuphathwa Asset kwempahla zezimali.

isiqondiso Legislative lwasebhange: Amathuba Nokulinganiselwa

wemboni lwezezimali kanye yasebhange ingaphansi ukulawulwa zomthetho kanye zezimali. Kusukela umbono yomthetho, amabhange angaphansi uquqaba izenzo zomthetho olawula imisebenzi yasebhange. ERussia, main okuyinto zoMthetho Federal "On umsebenzi yasebhange", futhi, isibonelo, ubudlelwano phakathi umboleki kanye ebhange enganyelwe Code Civil.

Ngokuphathelene ukulawulwa kwezimali, kuba kwesiqondiso seNdikimba ngamabhange Central Bank. It ikhipha futhi revokes amalayisense, ihlola isimo sezimali ebhange, ikakhulu, kumele babe zezimali eyanele, obala zokukhokhelwa, ezingeni reserves kwi-balance sheet, usungula amazinga ezimali nokunye. D.

umthetho Russian sihlinzekela umshwalense imali abantu esimweni ilayisensi yasebhange is ichithwe, lemali - kuze ruble ayizigidi ezingu 1.4, kanye ngaphansi umshwalense uwela futhi isithakazelo iminikelo zanqwabelana ngesikhathi kukhishwa ilayisensi. Leli lungiselelo yomthetho asivumelekile izinhlangano ezingokomthetho.