Umlando ukuthuthukiswa Internet kanye e-mail

Umlando yentuthuko intanethi kusuka ekupheleni kwamashumi amahlanu, lapho esebenza esizukulwaneni amakhompyutha emhlabeni wesibili. ubudlelwane sangaphandle ngamazwe phakathi eU.SSR United States amandla omhlaba anothile kwaphoqa ucwaningo olusha oludingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe futhi udlulise ulwazi enokwethenjelwa.

US UMnyango Wezokuphepha usuqalise ukuthuthukiswa lokuqala amanethiwekhi computer, nge olwaqala umlando kwi-Inthanethi. Bona iqhaza ososayensi amanyuvesi ezine esaziwayo Melika. ikhompyutha yabo ixhunywe ARPANET ngo-1969 - inethiwekhi computer yokuqala.

ARPANET ngokushesha zaqala ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela lempi, kodwa futhi ochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Iseva siqala-University of California (Los Angeles), ikhompuyutha kwadingeka RAM 24 Kb. Iseshini sokuqala senzeka ngo-Okthoba 1969 kanye Research Institute e-Stanford, owachitha Charli Klayn noBill Duvall.

Ngo-1971, ithuba ukuthumela i-imeyili, njengoba isimiso esikhethekile lakhiwe. Esikhathini esizayo, umlando abasebenzisi e-mail ukuze ibenze isifiso sokwandisa khathizwe yokuxhumana.

Ngemva konyaka, ARPANET baba ngamazwe, axhunyiwe ngocingo ikhebula UK naseNorway. Esikhathini yoma, inethiwekhi computer yokuqala yayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengoba forwarder mail.

Ngo-1983, i-ARPANET zase zihleliwe ku-intanethi eside futhi Domain Name System livela ngonyaka ozayo.

Umlando yentuthuko Inthanethi baqhubeka kudalwa ezinye amanethiwekhi, okuncike protocol ukudluliswa kwedatha. A indima ekhethekile udlalwa kule nqubo, Dzhon Postel, wasungula futhi okwakha amaningi zenethiwekhi yezifiso: IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, Telnet, FTP, DNS.

Ngo-1984, kubonakala le NSFNet Intercollegiate Network, ehlanganisa namanye inethiwekhi elincane ukuthi ngonyaka wajoyina amakhompyutha angaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

1988 kwabe kungunyaka yentuthuko wengxoxo, protocol amandla okuxhumana real-time.

In the Eighties sekwephuzile umlando ukuthuthukiswa Internet ngasibuyisela amagama amasha. Tim Berners-Lee, usosayensi waseBrithani ezahlela protocol HTTP, ulimi-HTML, okokuhlonza we-URI, ehlongozwayo 1989 nomqondo World Wide Web (WWW).

Ngo-1990, inethiwekhi computer yokuqala liphumile enkundleni Inthanethi, futhi World Wide Web ngo-1995, kuye kwaba umphakeli enkulu ukwaziswa okukuyi-Internet.

Okwamanje izwe kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle Internet. Thola ulwazi oluwusizo, bethenga, ibhizinisi, ukuzijabulisa - kunzima ukuba uhlu zonke amathuba kunethiwekhi yomhlaba.

Umlando ukudalwa i-imeyili akukanciphi ezithakazelisayo kuka umlando kwi-Inthanethi. Ngo-1965, uTom Van Vleck futhi Noel Morris athuthukile uhlelo MAIL kuqala. Esikhathini esizayo, ukwakha yesimanje isithombe kanye e-mail ukusebenza bazama abanye ososayensi:

- Ray Tomlinson - ekhethekile progorammy leposi kanye nokwethulwa uphawu @, okuyinto ixhunywe igama lomsebenzisi futhi igama lesizinda kwibha yekheli.

- Larry Roberts - uhlelo ngokudala nokuhlela uhlu imeyili.
- Stiv Uolker - lwamakheli lokuqala

- Dzhon Vittal - mail hlelo, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ithuba ukuqamba impendulo yakho ukuze umyalezo owemukelwe, ukuthumela izincwadi iposi.

Umcimbi abalulekile kwaba ngo-1976, lapho i-British Queen Elizabeth II okokuqala uthathe ithuba e-mail.

Kwaphela amashumi amathathu eminyaka, i-imeyili isibe idla ubhedu. Namuhla-ke onesikhundla ehola maqondana nezinye izindlela Imininingwane ukudluliswa ku-intanethi. Isofthiwe ikuvumela ukuxhuma kuphi emhlabeni kusuka kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, hhayi nje uthumele umlayezo wombhalo, kodwa futhi ezinye izinhlobo amafayela. Le e-mail wafika imiqondo ezifana "Izithonjana", "ugaxekile" futhi "amagciwane".