Umdlavuza isisu: izimpawu futhi ukubonakaliswa izimpawu zokuqala. Izindlela ekwelapheni esiswini umdlavuza Izibikezelo

umdlavuza isisu - lena isifo esiyingozi libhekene ukubuyabuyelela engalawuliwe amaseli angavamile. Lokhu zokugula izikhathi eziningana kaningi kutholakala amadoda nangemva kweminyaka eyi-50. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kanjani nomdlavuza isisu (izimpawu futhi ukubonakaliswa sifo kusaqalwa) kanye kulokho zokwelapha imithi yesimanje izipesheli.

Uhlolojikelele

umdlavuza isisu - a isifo oncological nemvelo, esibonakala by ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo neoplasm abulalayo we epithelium mucosal. kungenzeka Kumiswa isimila kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Ubungozi inyuka isifo kakhulu ezingabantu, futhi ngezinye abesifazane emva kweminyaka 50. Njengoba yombuzo yokusabalalisa ezindawo lesi sifo, kanti eRussia lesi sifo yesibili kuphela imvamisa ukuxilongwa zonke izimila ebulalayo. Ngakho, cishe ngo-36 iziguli ngamunye abantu abayimiqemane ayizinkulungwane 100. Isimo siba sibi kakhulu eJapan, eScandinavia ne-Brazil.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, phezu engu-30 edlule, izinto zashintsha kakhulu. Odokotela uqaphele ukwehla kancane kancane lokuhlasela kwesifo somdlavuza. Ngokwesibonelo, e-America, lokhu zokugula sitholakale kuqhathaniswa njalo (amacala ayisihlanu kuphela 100 000).

Namuhla, ososayensi okuye kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi Oncology esiswini engumqemane zahluleka ukuvuka. Lesi sifo njalo kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe okuthiwa esiteji premalignant, lapho ushintsho ubunjalo amaseli waphawula abami ingaphakathi umzimba. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu isimo Uthatha 10 kuya eminyakeni engu-20.

Izimpawu umdlavuza isisu kusaqalwa zingahle zididaniswe kolwelwesi noma isilonda. Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa isimila encane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhule ngobukhulu, sikhule ukudepha nokunaba. Kulesi sigaba, lesi sifo sinezimfanelo njengoba wokugaya ukudla ngesiphazamiso. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uqala ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Zihluma odongeni esiswini, le neoplasm ungaqhubeka kwezinye izitho (ikholoni, amanyikwe).

Lesi sifo libhekene ukubukeka ekuqaleni we metastases (ngokuhlukana zamangqamuzana omdlavuza kusukela unesimila ukubhebhetheka kwazo okwalandela wonke umzimba). Bavame kakhulu ezithinta-lymph kanye isibindi. Futhi kule nqubo sokugembula kungabanga emaphashini, amathambo, peritoneum isikhala amaqanda. Kancane kancane kokushintsha ukusebenza kwezitho ethintekile, okuholela ekufeni.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Njengamanje, izimbangela ngqo ezibanga ukuthuthukiswa sifo ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Ochwepheshe kuphela ukwaba iqoqo izici, umphumela okuyinto ndawonye kungaholela ekwakhekeni umdlavuza.

• Igciwane Helicobacter Pylori. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi kungase kutholakale ukuthi lo bacterium ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila kahle hhayi kuphela endaweni azibukhali, kodwa futhi sibe imbangela izilonda futhi kolwelwesi. Njengoba kuboniswa nezindlela zokwelapha, ngezinye izikhathi ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye isifo zibe umdlavuza. Helicobacter Pylori kancane kancane deforms umzimba lwamafinyila, hydrochloric acid iqala ukushaya olungavikelekile esiswini odongeni, okubangela ukuguguleka eziningi. Lolu hlobo ulceration kubhekwa isimo esihle kakhulu ekuphileni zamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Yemikhuba yokungadli kahle. Ukuba khona e ekudleni okuthosiwe, okunamafutha, okubabayo kanye nokudla okunosawoti izikhathi eziningana kwandisa amathuba nomdlavuza.
• Ukuba khona emzimbeni nitrate kanye nitrites. Kufanele engabe ukuthi lezi izinto unomsebenzi ophakeme zamakhemikhali. Abakwazi ukuphazamisa ubuqotho evamile ye esiswini mucosa amaseli bese ukungena isakhiwo sabo. Umthombo nitrate kanye nitrites endaweni wezwe lakithi, njengoba umthetho, kukhona imifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nosawoti of oxide ne nitric acid in inqwaba eziqukethwe inyama, abanye ushizi, ugwayi, ubhiya.
• Izejwayezi ezimbi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile Ethanol uqobo bangase benze oludakayo sikhona okusezingeni eliphezulu ngemithamo nitrate kanye nitrites, provocateur neoplasms ebulalayo. Ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi eside umuntu ebhema, aba maningi amathuba okuba ukuthi izimpawu umdlavuza isisu namathumbu uzohlonzwa esemncane.
• ukusetshenziswa eside izidakamizwa. Imithi elwa namagciwane, izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala, corticosteroids - zonke lezi imithi nemiphumela uhlangothi, ezihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa izilonda esiswini. Njengoba sazi, kwakungase jikisa isimila yangempela.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni.

Iqembu ingozi sihlanganisa abantu abakhuluphele, umlando womndeni kanye nezinye izifo oncological.

Yini izifo bangase sibandulele umdlavuza isisu?

1. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi ngenxa vitamin B12 ukuntula. Lo vithamini kudlala indima oqondile kwetinhlavu eziningi amangqamuzana omzimba.
2. polyp esiswini.
3. Ezinye subtypes ka kolwelwesi okungamahlalakhona (ifomu atrophic, isifo Menetrier sika nokunye. D.).
4. isilonda esiswini. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, 12% walesi zokugula esiholela umdlavuza isisu.

Izimpawu kanye izimpawu zesifo

Lesi sifo kusaqalwa yentuthuko, njengoba umthetho ayinakho izimfanelo ezithile. Isiguli Ungazizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukukhononda ukukhathala ngamabomu kwesisindo. Ngemva kokudla ukudla isiguli ingavela isilungulela, umuzwa ukusinda esiswini, ukuvuvukala noma ukuqunjelwa. Okunjalo izimpawu umdlavuza esiswini kusaqalwa (isithombe ogulayo zingatholakala ku izincwadi zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ekwazisweni) kufanele sibe imbangela efuna usizo lodokotela.

zonke izimpawu ezintsha kungenzeka nge ukuqhubeka nokukhula isifo futhi isimila:

• Ukwephula kwesitulo.
• Ukungakhululeki phezulu endaweni esiswini.
• ukugcwaliswa Rapid.
• Ukwandisa Usayizi esiswini.
• Iron-ukuntula igazi.
• Ukuhlanza ngegazi.

Zonke izimpawu ngenhla ngokuvamile abonisa umdlavuza isisu. Izimpawu, ekubonakalisweni sifo azanele ukuqinisekisa uphethwe, njengoba kungase kubonise nezinye zokugula emathunjini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ucwaningo enemininingwane.

Ukwahlukaniswa izifo

Ngokusekelwe kulokho amaseli ziyisisekelo izimila, kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo umdlavuza esiswini:

• Adenocarcinoma. Lona Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lesi sifo. Isimila kumiswa senzeka ngesisekelo labo amaseli kukhona ngqo wemfanelo ukwenziwa isikhwehlela.
• Leiomyosarcoma. Neoplasm yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko kwemisipha amaseli isitho.
• Lymphoma. Emongweni amaseli isimila kukhona lymph.
• umdlavuza Obuqand esiswini. Izithombe zalesi zokugula ingabonwa kuphela izincwadi ezikhethekile, njengoba yembulwe ezingavamile kakhulu.
• umdlavuza Perstnevidnokletochny. Ukucutshungulwa izimila ezinjalo ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu lembula ukufana fomu nge indandatho kwaba isizathu igama layo. Ukuze lolu hlobo sifo elinesimo ukwanda okusheshayo kumaseli sokugembula kanye Ukudlulela ekuseni.

nesigaba lesi sifo

Namuhla, izazi kunemibandela ukuhlukanisa izigaba eziningana ukuthuthukiswa isifo, sibonga ngalo kungenzeka zokuhlukanisa umdlavuza esiswini. Izimpawu kanye izimpawu zesifo kusaqalwa yentuthuko kungenzeka zingatholakali, okuyinto nzima kakhulu Ihlahlubo yayo.

Igama elithi "okusinda oneminyaka emihlanu" sisetshenziswa kabanzi ukubikezela wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. Uma emva kokwelashwa isiguli iphila iminyaka 5, kungaba kubhekwe enempilo. isiguli okunjalo has a sethubeni elihle ukuthi akasoze nobuso lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

sokusinda sekukonke kule isifo, ngokusho izibalo, 20% yazo zonke iziguli. Lokhu iphesenti iphansana wachaza uphethwe kamuva izifo. Nokho, esimweni ngasinye kuyinto ngabanye okwamanje, ngabe esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo noma isisu umdlavuza nge metastases 4 degrees. Bangaki abantu abahlala nale Ihlahlubo kuncike ngokuyinhloko ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi ukuhambisana nayo yonke izincomo udokotela.

• Zero esiteji. Kulesi sigaba enqubeni sokugembula kwahilela le mucosa esiswini. Ukwelashwa eyenziwa ukuhlinzwa endoscopic. Ngo-90% eziguli alulame ngokuphelele.
• Isigaba sokuqala. Ithumba lingena shí mucosa, ukwakha metastases e-lymph emhlabeni esiswini. Ngempatho esifike amathuba amabanga sokuthola 60 kuya ku-80%.
• Eyesibili esiteji. Neoplasm hhayi kuphela kuthinta kwemisipha izicubu. engu-rate sokusinda ekuxilongeni sifo 56%.
• Isigaba sesithathu. amaseli sokugembula zingene odongeni umzimba, izindlala zamanzi wamshaya ngokuphelele. Nge uphethwe "umdlavuza isisu, Isigaba 3" Iminyaka okulindeleke liphansi (15 ekhulwini abantu bangaphila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu).
• Isigaba sesine. Umdlavuza lingena ngokujulile hhayi kuphela isitho ngokwayo, kodwa futhi metastasizes kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (amanyikwe, isibindi, amaqanda, emaphashini). Kuleli fomu yokugula abevile eminyakeni engu-80% eziguli. iminyaka Nokho, ematfuba ukuphila ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu babe abantu abahlanu kuphela ekhulwini.

Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ngisho ikhambi eliphelele umdlavuza akuyona esimweni ngasinye kukhona umbono oqondile ngezinto. Into wukuthi lesi sifo has ukuthambekela babuyela, okuyinto akuvamile kuphela luqedwe ngu ukuhlinzwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ukuthola Late zesifo ezweni lethu wachaza kakhulu ukumane. Okokuqala, odokotela abaningi bantula yolwazi kuleli emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa sifo. Okwesibili, iziguli sekwephuze kakhulu ukuba kunganikezwa usizo, isibonelo, uma uphethwe "umdlavuza isisu, Isigaba 3". Bangaki bahlala iziguli ezinjalo? Yiqiniso, angayinaki impilo yabo imayelana nani izibikezelo embi kakhulu.

ukuhlola

Ukwelashwa kungaba yimpumelelo kuphela uma onguchwepheshe kusaqalwa umdlavuza isisu ziqinisekisa. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo kudingeka ukuba batshele futhi babe isizathu ufuna iseluleko udokotela, gastroenterologist.

Namuhla, indlela eyinhloko cwaningo zokugula kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso gastroscopy (Endoscopy). Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela ihlola isimo jikelele zomzimba lwamafinyila, okwenza kube biopsy izindawo osolisayo. luhlolo histological we indaba etholwe ukucacisa uhlobo izimila (abulalayo / ingozi). Ngezinye izikhathi okwengeziwe esinqunyiweyo;

• -X-ray Ukuhlola ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.
• ultrasound besisu.
• CT.
• ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi ngoba igazi.

ukwelashwa

Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba umdlavuza isisu? Izenzo izimila ebulalayo, metastases, izimila usayizi, degree of amila ezindaweni eduze - zonke lezi zici ngokuyinhloko ukucacisa amacebo ka ezelaphayo. imithi yesimanje inikeza ezintathu ongakhetha for ekwelapheni zokugula ezifana: isimila ukususwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa, amakhemikhali futhi ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Oluthile lokwelapha isu abakhethiwe udokotela emva luhlolo egcwele nesineke.

Endabeni ekuhlonzweni yesimila (zero noma esigabeni sokuqala), lapho azikho metastases kungase ukuqedela excision we isimila esinomdlavuza. Phakathi ukuhlinzwa, udokotela kususa ingxenye odongeni esiswini, izicubu eseduze futhi zamanzi.

ukwelashwa ngemisebe Kunconywa ukuyeka ukukhula amaseli angavamile futhi sinciphise ubukhulu yesimila uqobo. Ngu nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyadingeka ukuze iphendukele uphethwe "umdlavuza isisu nge metastases 4 degrees." Indlela iziguli eziningi aphile ngemva imithi oyinikiwe, ukusho ngokuthe ngqó, ngeshwa, abakwazi. Isikhathi esining impela, odokotela linqume ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali ndawonye ukuthuthukisa umphumela omuhle.

ukudla

Yiqiniso, nale Ihlahlubo bayakhuthazwa anake ngokukhethekile ukunakekelwa ngqo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ekudleni nsuku. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukugwema imikhiqizo abakhona lichaza ekwakheni nitrate. Into wukuthi lezi izinto bayakwazi kabusha ku nitrites futhi ifomu nitrosamines. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ngokuvamile ukwenza njenge-imbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi umdlavuza isisu. Ukwakheka nitrosamines ingavinjelwa kusuka ukusetshenziswa njalo imikhiqizo nge amavithamini antioxidant C no E. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekudleni nsuku zonke isiguli nge kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane kufanele zihlanganisa ukudla nge Inkomba ongaphakeme glycemic. ukudla okunjalo kugaywe kancane, ngokusiza silondoloze esitebeleni izinga likashukela egazini.

Lesi sihloko efakwe ohlwini izindlela eziyisisekelo indlela ukuxilonga umdlavuza isisu kusaqalwa. Uma udokotela wakho iye yaqinisekisa ukuba khona lesi sifo futhi ukwelashwa okufanele, nawu umbuzo, indlela adle. Ukudla isiguli kufanele kube njengoba olinganiselayo futhi unothile ngamavithamini. Kunconywa ukuba udle kakhulu izithelo nemifino (mhlawumbe eluhlaza), inkukhu kanye nenhlanzi mafutha (umthombo amaprotheni).

Have ukuba alahle konke okunamafutha kanye ethosiwe ukudla, amaswidi kanye namakhekhe, uwela ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa inyama ebomvu. Ngivumelana ne udokotela kungenziwa ngaphandle kusukela ekudleni kasawoti. Into wukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo inqwaba kunomthelela kwetinhlavu izilonda ezindongeni kakade buthaka ngenxa ekwelapheni isisu.

Ukubikezela kanye nokuvinjelwa

umdlavuza isisu (sithombe kulesi sifo iziguli okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) uvame kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe i-esiteji ezingelapheki has isimila. 40% kuphela odokotela isimila lapho kukhona amathuba yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo we umhlahlo. Lapha sikhuluma ngalesi sifo kusaqalwa futhi ngaphandle metastases. Okusheshayo sifo sivame kakhulu sitholakele "umdlavuza isisu, Isigaba 3". Isilinganiso sobude bokuphila salezi ziguli kanye nesimo sabo jikelele musa ihluke labo esimweni esigabeni sesine lesi sifo. Kuzo zombili izimo, onalesi sifo ngoba iziguli ayiyinhle kakhulu.

ukwelashwa Steel kanye izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ngokushisa anticancer ihlinzeka sokusinda yeminyaka emihlanu 12% eziguli. Uma izimpawu umdlavuza isisu kusaqalwa zabonwa iziguli ngokwabo, futhi ngokushesha ngafuna usizo lukadokotela, ukusinda izinga inyuka 70%.

Ngokuphathelene udaba lokuvikela, ochwepheshe manje batusa kakhulu kunokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele zonke izifo, indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi ngidla ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqeda imikhuba emibi, ukunakekela okukhethekile yokwamukela nemithi.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namuhla abaningi ngokuvamile unomdlavuza esiswini. Izimpawu kanye izimpawu zesifo kufanele sibe imbangela yokuxhumana nge onguchwepheshe. I ngaphambili udokotela azoqinisekisa ukuthi zokugula futhi linqume ukwelashwa okufanele, le amathuba womuntu Izibikezelo evumayo kangcono. isikhathi Lost, noma ukungabi ukunakekela umzimba womuntu siqu ngokuvamile kukhona ukuphila komuntu.