Umbuthano wombala weNewton. Inhlangano yama-shadow shades.

Umjikelezo wombala weNewton uyinhlangano engabonakali yezinhlobonhlobo zombala kumbuthano obonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibala eyinhloko, kanye neyesibili, ephakeme kanye nokunye.

Isondo lombala

Imithombo ethile isebenzisa amagama "isondo lombala" nelithi "isondo lombala" njengoba lingashintshashintsha. Zombili imibono ingavame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile, isibonelo, igama elithi "isondo lombala" lisetshenziselwa amadivayisi ajikelezayo. Kuneminye imiqondo ehlobene: i-disk yembala, amashadi wombala nemibala. Indawo ihambelana nama-wavevel of the waves waves.

Umjikelezo wokuqala wombala ubonakala cishe kanyekanye nezinkolelo zokuqala zombala. Lokhu kuboniswe emibhalweni yama-physics odumile nabacwaningi bama-physics ekhulwini lama-17 nelama-20. Kanye noNewton kwakunguGoethe, Itten, Munsell, Field kanye nabanye. Imibuthano enemibala emangalisa eminingi ithola isicelo sabo esiwusizo ngokuyinhloko emidwebeni. Umjikelezo wombala weNewton (isithombe esifakwa kulesi sihloko) njengamanje isisetshenziswa esibalulekile samakharikhi.

U-Isaac Newton: uhlelo lokuhlelwa komjikelezo wombala

Ukuhlelwa kwemibala yebalabala kulo mjikelezo kwenziwa nguSir Isaac Newton, ngokwezibalo lapho umbala ophumela khona uncike ekutheni amandla adlula, indawo yombhali kanye nokuchazwa kwebanga elide (kusukela phakathi kwendilinga kuze kube semkhatsini wemandla adonsela phansi). Ngakho, isondo lombala likaNewton liyisandulela somdwebo wanamuhla.

Umlando wombala

Umbono we-psychophysical womjikelezo wombala ubuyela emuva kunxantathu yokuqala yombala kaThomas Young, umsebenzi wakhe owawuthuliswa kamuva nguJames Maxwell noHermann von Helmholtz. Lezi zinsuku ziphakamise ukuthi iso liqukethe izimpendulo ezithinta izinzwa ezintathu ezihlukene, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-spectra elula. Njengoba uMaxwell abonisiwe, wonke ama-shades, kodwa hhayi yonke imibala, angadalwa kusuka ezintathu eziyinhloko - obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uma bexubana ngokulingana okulungile.

Amacebo ombala

Izinhlanganisela zombala eziqondakalayo zisetshenziselwa inamba yemidiya. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isizinda esimhlophe ngombhalo omnyama yisibonelo sohlelo lokubala lombala oluzenzakalelayo kumklamo wewebhu. Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa imibala emibili ebukeka kahle ndawonye. Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziselwa ukwakha isitayela nokuheha, futhi kubangele umqondo wokubukeka wokuhambisana.

Imiklamo ehamba phambili kakhulu ihlanganisa imibala eminingana ehlangene, ngokuvamile isekelwe nxazonke kombala owodwa, isibonelo, umbhalo ngemibala enjengombala obomvu, ophuzi, o-orange nokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, obekwe ndawonye emgqeni omnyama kumagazini we-athikili. Ama-Schemes angaba nezimpawu ezihlukile zombala ofanayo, kusukela ekukhanyeni (cishe emhlophe) kuze kube mnyama kakhulu.

I-Newton nombala wombala

Isondo lombala likaNewton yindlela elula yokwengeza izithasiselo zokuxuba izindawo zombala, eziyinhloko zazo ezibizwa ngokuthi ezihambisanayo futhi zibhekene nomunye nomunye. Ukuhlelwa kokubekwa kwabo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nobubanzi be-spectra ehambisanayo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-1660, uNewton waqala ukuzama ukukhanya .

Ngaleso sikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukukhanya okuphambene nobumnyama. Ukuqonda kwethu kwesikhashana nokukhanya nombala kuqala ngo-Isaac Newton (1642-1726 gg.) Futhi uchungechunge lwezivivinyo, alishicilela ngo-1672. Ungowokuqala owawubona umcibisholo - ngosizo lwe-prism wephule ukukhanya okumhlophe, okwathi futhi, kukhanya ngezindwangu zokulala.

Ukungafani kokubonakalayo

I-altare elidumile leyindilinga yemibala ye-spectral yabonakala ngo-1704 eNgilandi. Umbuthano wokuqala wombala we-Newton uhlanganisa obomvu, i-orange, ophuzi, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwesibhakabhaka, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abaculi babejabule ngokuboniswa okubukwayo okuhlinzekwa ngu-Isaac Newton. Umbuthano wombala uyindlela yakhe ewusizo kakhulu kubadwebi, okwakungenhloso yokuhlelwa kwemidwebo yemibala emjikelezweni. Lo mdwebo waba yisibonelo sezinhlelo eziningi zombala wekhulu le-XVIII-XIX. Abaqambi abaningi basebenzise lokhu kutholakala ukuze benze iphalethi ekhangayo yama-shades ahlukahlukene.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Imibala eyinhloko iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu nokuphuzi. Ama-secondary ahambisanayo ahlaza, i-orange ne-purple (noma i-lilac). Imibala ephakeme, eyakhiwe kusukela ekuxubeni kwamabanga aphansi nesekondari, faka izinhlanganisela ze: eluhlaza-ophuzi, ophuzi-orange, obomvu-obomvu, obomvu obomvu, obomvu-obuluhlaza nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Olunye lwezigaba zesimanje ezisetshenziselwa abaklami lisho ukuhlukaniswa kwemibala elandelayo:

• Imibala ekhanyayo neye-pastel, ekhombisa ngokucacile isikhala.
• Imibala emnyama neyinkimbinkimbi eyenza u-coziness, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa ikamelo.
• Ama-cold shades (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu), okubangela ukudala umoya ozolile nokuphumula.
• Amathoni afudumele: afaka ama-shades aphuzi, abomvu ne-orange. Baletha ukungena kwelanga nokuthinta okujabulisayo.