Imfundo eJapane: incazelo emfushane yezinyathelo eziyinhloko

Imfundo eJapane iyinkimbinkimbi yomphakathi, kokubili umbuso nomphakathi ukhokhela kakhulu. Ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuqondile ngenxa yesistimu yayo yezemfundo, leli zwe lase-Asia lalingenakwazi ukunqoba kuphela imiphumela yokunqotshwa kweMpi Yezwe II ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kodwa futhi ukuthatha izikhundla eziphambili ezimboni eziningi zobuchwepheshe.

Ngokwakhe, ukubunjwa kweJapan ngezindlela eziningi kufana nezindlela zokufundisa zaseRussia namazwe athuthukile aseYurophu naseMelika. Isinyathelo sokuqala yisikole samabanga aphansi, lapho izingane ziqeqeshwe kusukela ku-6 kuya ku-12. Lapha, amaJapane amancane afunda uhlelo lolimi, ukubhala, izibalo, baqala ukufunda izinhlamvu ze-hieroglyphic. Amakilasi awagcinwa ngendlela yezifundo zendabuko kuphela, kodwa futhi ngendlela yemidlalo, ukuvakasha kanye nokufanekisa. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwabafundi bekilasi lesithupha badlulisa izivivinyo zokugcina.

Isigaba esilandelayo yisikole esiphakathi kwesigaba sokuqala. Kuhlanganisa iminyaka emithathu yokuqeqeshwa, kanye nezifundo eziphoqelekile futhi kunezigaba zokuzikhethela lapho abafundi bengakwazi khona ukuphumelela kwamasiko esintu, kanye nokuthola amakhono okusebenza ekunakekeleni izindlu kanye namakhono okuqala okusebenza. Lesi sinyathelo siyimpoqo yokugcina, imfundo eqhubekayo eJapane isenziwa ngokuzithandela.

Iningi labantwana besikole abathweswe iziqu kusukela ebangeni lesishiyagalolunye baqhubeka izifundo zabo esikoleni esiphakeme. Yenzelwe iminyaka emithathu, kodwa lapha ukuhlolwa kokungena kulindeleke kakade . Ukungena esikoleni samabanga aphansi, amaJapane kumele akhethe ukukhetha imfundo ejwayelekile noma iminyango ekhethekile. Lezi zinsuku zivamile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezifundazweni, lapho zinesithakazelo kubachwepheshe bezolimo, abadobi bezilwandle, ukugcinwa kwezindlu. Iningi labafundi abavela emadolobheni amakhulu lakhetha iminyango yemfundo ejwayelekile, ukuze kamuva bathole ithuba lokungena eyunivesithi.

Uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme eJapane luyingxenye ebalulekile yalo lonke uhlelo lwemfundo yokufundela futhi luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezikhungo:

1. Imayunivesithi egcwele umjikelezo, isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa iminyaka engama-4.
2. Amanyuvesi anesimiso esisheshayo, ukuqeqesha okungekho ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili.
3. Amakholeji aqeqeshiwe, lapho ochwepheshe basezingeni eliphezulu beqeqeshwa khona.
4. Izikhungo zobuchwepheshe, okuvela kuzo abanikazi nabaqambi.

Imfundo ephakeme eJapane ilawulwa njalo nguhulumeni wezwe, engabaniki kuphela imali ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, kodwa futhi iphinde ithuthukise njalo ama-curricula kanye nezindlela zokufundisa ezinye iziyalo.

Uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme eJapane luhlanganisa amanyuvesi adumile emhlabeni wonke njengamanyuvesi eTokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, Kyoto, Sapporo. Lapha abagcini nje ngokunikeza imfundo enhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi bahlanganyele ekusebenzeni kwabafundi babo.

Imfundo ephakeme eJapane ishintsha kanye nezinguquko emphakathini, embonini nakweminye imikhakha yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva, izifundo ezimfushane ziye zathandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengezomnotho, izifundo zezenhlalakahle, isiko laseJapan nesilimi. Lezi zinhlelo zesikhashana zithandwa hhayi kuphela kubantu bezinye izizwe, kepha futhi phakathi kwamaJapane ngokwabo, abangenqikazi ukuthola imfundo eyengeziwe noma ukubuyela emsebenzini osha.

Imfundo eJapane ihlose kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umfundi, noma umfundi, umfundi noma umfundi ofundayo, uzimisele ukuzuza ulwazi oluthile. Lokhu kuboniswa yiqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni njalo ukhuthaza imisebenzi yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umfundi-ososayensi", osevele enyakeni wokuqala weyunivesithi wabeka umgomo wokuvula into entsha kulokhu noma leyo nsimu.