Ukwakhiwa Rostov NPP. Le ngozi ngesikhathi Rostov NPP

Ukuqala Rostov esikhungweni samandla enuzi Izoba ngeyokuqala ngemva kwale nhlekelele eChernobyl. Yonke leminyaka, amandla enuzi ayedabula nezikhathi ezinzima. Ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa block lokuqala sokuphehla amandla Kwakuhlelwe ekwindla ka 2000. Lolu suku sekumenyezelwe ngenxa luhlolo yephrojekthi NPP eMnyango Natural Resources kanye Lemvelo we Russian Federation.

Isidingo enuzi izitshalo amandla

Rostov Nuclear Power Plant - ingxenye kuchumana phakatsi North eCaucasus esifundeni. It usinikeza ugesi izikhonzi 11 Russia, ensimini ka okuyinto abantu abayizigidi ezingu-17,7. izifundo eziningi ihlelwe ezikhungweni kanye ejensi kahulumeni, baye babonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa Rostov NPP kuyazuzisa kokubili umnotho kanye ngenkuthalo.

Lokho Okushiwo umkhakha kwandisa falling zokukhiqiza igesi yemvelo, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye eningizimu. Universal wokwakha Rostov NPP isakhiwo inikeza ngamunye ehlukile ezimele amandla block izindlu lapho igibele a enuzi ngokuhlakaza VVER-1000.

kudivayisi amandla

Ngasinye block amandla inalokhu ophendulayo (B-320) futhi samanzi. Ukushisisa medium zihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezimbili:

• Radioactive. Lihlanganisa langempela ophendulayo core amaphampu, afundwa, umusi ugesi, pressurizer.
• Non-enemisebe. Kuhlanganisa ukufakwa the samanzi, edonsa amanzi, umusi ugesi kanye ingxenye ezidingekayo amapayipi yokuxhuma.

Okokhelekayo agcinwe zenuzi ophendulayo core. Iqukethe 163 umhlangano ukushisa. Ngaphakathi ifomu tablet ngamunye ibekwe U-235 (kancane ahlanganiswe uranium oxide). Ihlanganisa emgodleni uphawu liner eyenziwe zirconium ingxubevange. Esikhathini kokupholisayo wesifunda wokuqala ukhonza isixazululo boric acid. isisekelo Ezazimzungezile - amanzi nahlanza kakhulu, Umfutho at 16 MPA.

Neutrons amanzi asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukushisa kanye nenqubo kancane, kungenzeka ukuthola oyifunayo lokushisa Coefficient a enuzi ngokuhlakaza uphawu "-". Yena kuchazwe ukuzinza VVER-1000 kanye nekhono layo ngokuzenzakalela isiqondiso.

Futhi lokho isiteshi?

Esifundeni Rostov NPP isakhiwo komhlaba wahlolwa endaweni ukujula 12-ikhilomitha. Ukhombe izingqimba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-crystalline, emafektri. Eyokuqala siqukethe rocks ngeminyaka kudala kunesikhathi eCambria, ne iinthombe zokwakheka zomhlaba ezahlukene kanye izikhala lesifunda. Kumiswa zinhlobo wesibili Paleozoic Mesozoic futhi Cenozoic.

Isisekelo zonke izinjongo isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi sidlula loam nesihlabathi, futhi isekelwe Maikop Clays. INSIMU esikhungweni samandla enuzi kungokwalabo inamba iyunithi isisekelo crystalline. Ucwaningo lwamuva luye waqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo alibonisi umsebenzi zomhlaba engaphezu kwengu-300 million.

Etholwe zokuzamazama komhlaba iphrofayela indawo acoustic okuhambelana subhorizontal sedimentary amatshe. Manje ungqimba lomhlaba kule ndawo ihamba ngesivinini 0 ... 4.5 mm ngonyaka. Ucwaningo lokuhlala izinto ezithile komhlaba futhi emoyeni ungazange ezikhonjwe amaphutha zomhlaba.

seismicity

Ekutadisheni izikhungo ngokushesha futhi akude izenzakalo ezinkulu zomhlaba zadalwa izimfuneko design isisekelo komhlaba. amandla akhe 5 amaphuzu futhi PERIODICITY - kanye eminyakeni 500. NeMithethonqubo izakhiwo zokuzamazama komhlaba izinhlobo ezikhona uvumele endaweni ukufaka endaweni okunjengalokho komhlaba 6, okuyinto zenzeka kanye 5 no-10 eziyinkulungwane. Iminyaka.

Ngokusekelwe idatha etholwe mklamo wawuhlanganisa seismostability 1 iphuzu ephakeme. Izibalo imibhalo project benziwa ngesisekelo esiphezulu komhlaba umfutho 7 amaphuzu.

izimo hydrogeological

Ukuhlola likhombe khona emhlabeni 2 aquifers. Eziseduze ungqimba ebusweni amanzi lalikhona ndawo kulo lonke. Abacwaningi baye waqinisekisa we komhlaba ngesikhathi kwakhiwa 0,2-18 m. Ukuhlaziywa Water ukujula wembula okusezingeni eliphezulu umphumela kwabo okulimazayo phezu ukhonkolo nezinsimbi.

I yamanzi yesibili itholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele into esizayo at a 6.8 kuya ku-39 m ukujula ngemva kokugcwalisa. Tsimlyanskii kwesigubhu izinga komhlaba kubonakale ukushintshwa nakakhulu: anda okuqukethwe amaminerali kanye Ingxenye sulphate. Eduze into esakhiwayo hhayi imithombo angaphansi komhlaba yamanzi, okuyinto kukhona ucingo for supply sabantu ukuphuza. Azikho izinqolobane, futhi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa okunjalo esizayo.

ukuphepha

Rostov NPP ukuphepha kuqinisekiswa uhlelo kwezithiyo ezahlukene ukusabalala kungenzeka imikhiqizo enemisebe. Isikimu Ukuvikelwa:

• isakhiwo Okokhelekayo. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo okuqinile futhi isakhiwo esithile ayivumeli ukusabalala imikhiqizo enobungozi.
• Afakwe ezimvilophini flasks ka zirconium, lapho i-uranium kuyinto tableted.
• Afakwe ezimvilophini odongeni amapayipi we wesifunda wokuqala ne isixazululo aqueous lelungiselelwe, nezinye izinto.
• Ingozi uhlelo kwasendaweni, esakhiwa zokuzivikela containment futhi Sprinkler uhlelo. Umgoqo kuhlanganisa umklamo onamandla nge kuphuma aphawulelwa ukudlula abantu, yizimpahla nezinye izinto.

Zonke ukuthi kuwuthinta izinto radioactive, itholakala ngaphakathi containment. It is zaklama futhi zakha izindawo ikhumbula ukuze ukumelana ezihlukahlukene amathonya zangaphandle: 7-iphuzu design esiphezulu ukuzamazama komhlaba, isiphepho, isiphepho, ushaye amagagasi emoyeni.

Ukuvikelwa Kushisa bhé kule ndawo imvelo nalo enikeziwe ahlukene amapayipi izinhlelo, amanzi Ukupholisa, njll .. nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile okusamanzi kanye okuqinile imfucuza nokushiswa Kwenziwa esiteshini. fuel Kuchithwe kugcinwa amachibi akhethekile isikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu futhi uthuthwa ekhethekile iziqukathi wesitimela.

Inombolo amayunithi

Rostov NPP amandla kunqunywa isamba ukusebenza ngamunye amandla amayunithi. I lokuqala nelesibili wabo ukukhiqiza ugesi 1 GW. It kuvela ukuthi okwamanje ngamandla enuzi umthamo 2 GW. Ngo-2001 no-2010. ukusebenza iyunithi sokuqala nesesibili Rostov esikhungweni samandla enuzi kwangena.

Qala 3 Rostov NPP senzeka ngoNovemba 2014, futhi ukufakwa yayo kule esihlanganisiwe amandla uhlelo lwenzeka ngoDisemba. umthamo wayo uzobe wachitha eCrimea, okuyinto kubhekene kwagezi kuleyo ndzawo.

Ngo-February-March, iyunithi inombolo 3 Rostov NPP gozololo okuhleliwe yesondlo izifo. Kwakumelwe emnyangweni kanye abaphehla ugesi kanye ophendulayo, kanye zonke izitolo. Le misebenzi - isigaba ledzingekako esiteshini ukulungiselela ukuphela at zigcwele.

Umsebenzi ku ukwakhiwa iyunithi wesine Rostov esikhungweni samandla enuzi abazenzi ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Okwamanje ukulungela idlula 50%. Amandla iyunithi № 4 Rostov NPP sihlelelwe ukuqala ngo-2017

Le ngozi ngesikhathi Rostov NPP

Agasti 6, 2014 phakathi nokwakha kwi 3rd amandla iyunithi Rostov NPP kwaba isenzakalo esingavamile: kokuwa ophephela kusukela boom kukaNohemu ukuthutha.

Sihlela amathuba ikhomishana ukuthi ukuhlonza izimbangela kwesehlakalo ukuthola abantu ababenze. Inhlolo-vo eyenziwa i-ophephela iyunithi selukhombisile ukuthi it is hhayi ezilimele. Lesi sigameko akazange kuthinte isikhathi sokuqeda.

Ekuseni ngo-11.04.2014 izakhamuzi emizaneni nasemadolobheni zezifunda aseningizimu Rostov esifundeni wazibonela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi. Izinkinga wazizwa labantu North eCaucasus esifundeni. Ukukhanya wayesehambile indawo yokulala emizini abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2.

Kamuva kubika izizathu sigameko. Emgqeni eningizimu umsebenzi wenziwa. Esikhathini esithile inethiwekhi ezishintshayo linqamuka amabhlogo lokuqala nelesibili amandla enuzi. Ngo amandla iDemo nezikhathi ziye bafaka phezu ezisele zikagesi.

Lesi sigameko akazange kuthinte endaweni emisebeni yangemuva (zonke izimali uhla evamile), asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka sabantu.