Ukuvikelwa Kushisa bhé kule ndawo

Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho izinhlekelele zamuva kule Ukraine eChernobyl futhi Fukushima-1 Japanese futhi Fukushima-2, Ukuvikelwa ngemisebe baba cishe enye nkinga yembulunga yonke isintu. Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule i-radioactivity kwaba ezinye impahla abstract izakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali, manje zokuwohloka zenuzi nokuguqulwa ngisho ukwazi umfundi, ngalokho, futhi ngezingozi yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

I esiyingozi kakhulu ye-alpha, beta-gamma rays kungasilimaza kakhulu kubo bonke izakhiwo zomzimba (ukugula ngemisebe), umdlavuza, izifo ezibangelwa ufuzo nokufa (acute emisebeni ukugula).

Kuye uhlobo ngemisebe futhi zihluka ejenti Ukuvikelwa ngemisebe, njengoba kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye libhekene ikhono layo eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Ngakho, i-alpha-izinhlayiya nemphumela esiphezulu elimazayo, Nokho, musa ukungena ngisho ngokusebenzisa ishidi ajwayelekile ephepheni. Isithiyo imisebe beta kungaba ingilazi. Kodwa-gamma emisebeni has a amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Bavikelekile kuwo ngokusebenzisa phambili noma steel plate.

Ukuvikelwa ngemisebe akuhileli nje kuphela ngomngcele ongokoqobo phakathi komuntu futhi umthombo emisebeni emzimbeni. izinhlayiya Radioactive ukungena kalula emzimbeni ipheshana zokuphefumula, ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.

Izindlela ukuvikela ngemisebe, kuye ngokuthi indlela ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Isikhathi. Kuye isikhathi njengoba sekudlule ukuqhuma engozini yenuzi, umthamo ngemisebe siyahluka kakhulu: iminyaka 2.5-3 kuyehla ngo-100 izikhathi.
• Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo ibanga emthonjeni ngemisebe noma hypocenter. Njengoba kwanda ibanga kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona izikhathi 2 ezingeni emisebeni kuyehla kube izikhathi 4.
• izithiyo Mechanical okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, njengoba ukuvikeleka okuhle ngemisebe. Kodwa akulona ngokuvamile singakwazi ukubona okuyinto emisebeni kufanele senzeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho balisebenzise kangcono izithiyo jikelele (Nokho, lapho, musa ukuvikela gamma rays, kodwa buthaka kubo kuphela): isitini noma ukhonkolo izindonga awugqinsi okungenani 40 cm, steel noma ahlula ukuhola 8-13 cm, 90 cm inhlabathi. Isikrini ohamba phambili ku-emisebeni gamma amanzi.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuvikelwa siqu emisebeni. Lezi zihlanganisa buso uthuli amagilavu iraba (kusuka-alpha emisebeni), imaski (beta emisebeni), izikhwama zepulasitiki kuzozonke izindawo wadalula komzimba (neutron emisebeni).
• Njengoba sazi ukuthi emisebeni unekhono ukungena ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kubalulekile ukuvikela ngokumelene nalo, futhi amanzi nokudla. Ukuze lokhu amanzi iziqukathi kumele elibekwe uphawu, naleli esifanayo siyasebenza imikhiqizo ukudla: bayobizwa phama polyethylene uphawu wageza ngokucophelela ngamanzi acwebileyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukuze basuse uthuli enemisebe.
• Kukhona futhi izindlela amakhemikhali ukuvikelwa. Naphezu inkolelo jikelele, lena akuyona i-iodine! Uma kuthathwe izinto eziningi ezinkulu, uzobona kuphela uzilimaze, kodwa Vitamin izakhiwo iodine kwamukelekile. Futhi chelators ewusizo, elula okuyinto - carbon isebenze. Ngokusho kodokotela abathile, it has radioprotective izakhiwo tincture Eleutherococcus. izidakamizwa based mercaptoalkylamines yizidakamizwa eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuvikela ngemisebe.
• Ukuze decontamination ezishelelayo lezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo amanzi ehlanzekile isixazululo insipho.

Ngenkathi zenuzi amandla esintwini zanqwabelana isitolo umxhwele ulwazi mayelana lo mshini wezenzo ezinhlobo ezehlukene lemisebe kanjani ukuvikela ngokumelene nabo. Nokho, 100 Ukuvikelwa% ngokumelene emisebeni singanikezwanga yinoma yimuphi wabo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingozi ye iziqhumane zasemkhathini emhlabeni ungokoqobo kakhulu izimo zamanje abangaphelele wokusebenza isitshalo futhi 'anezikhali zenuzi' kwezikhali emazweni madolo-nzima.