Ukubalwa umonakalo kwezemvelo: indlela, isibonelo. Ukubalwa kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo

Kubalwa ngokunzulu komthelela kwezendalo ukukhiqizwa ezithile ngendlela efanayo njengoba amacala noma izintela zokungcola, sokubuyiselwa ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, nabanye abaningi ingenye izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.

ERussia, ukusebenza kwalesi indlela ebhekene inqwaba yezinkinga ezahlukene, okuyinto ukukhathazeka kokubili zomthetho kanye sphere esisebenzayo. Inkinga ikakhulukazi kulesi simo wukuthi ukubala umonakalo kwezemvelo kungukuthi ngokwanele olunikezwa umthetho.

Yiziphi nemibi umthetho onjalo?

Kukhona izikhala ezimbalwa umtsetfo lokhona:

• imigomo lapho ukubala kunqunywa umonakalo kwezemvelo, kunqunywa ngokwanele noma akachaziwe;
• nanamuhla imvelo okungacaci umonakalo kwezemvelo emkhakheni wezomthetho;
• Azizange ezikhonjwe iyiphi izindlela eziqondile zobuchwepheshe kanjani ukubala kufanele sigcwaliswe umonakalo kwezemvelo;
• Azikho izinqubo okwakuyoholela wayifeza izibalo ezifana.

Kuyini lokhu?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kakhulu elithi "umonakalo kwezemvelo" ngumqondo ezivamile izincwadi owayephila yesayensi, ngisho esetshenziswa izenzo ezithile ezingokomthetho kule nomthetho Russian ayiqukethe umqondo ocacile ukuthi kahle kahle futhi kufanele ibalwe ngenxa umonakalo kwezemvelo kanjani. Kuze kube manje, nezincwadi zesayensi sekwande le ndlela, owawuthi kwemvelo umonakalo izenzo njengendlela yokulinganisa kubangelwa imithelela kwemvelo okubangelwa ngezenzo ezahlukahlukene nanoma iyiphi imithombo yemvelo kanye nemvelo.

Okwamanje, imithetho esetshenziswa ngayo amazwi anjengokuthi "imvelo", "ibalwa umonakalo kwemvelo" nokunye okunjalo. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho umonakalo kwezemvelo - kuyinto noma yiziphi izinguquko ongathandeki imvelo okuholela ukungcola kanye, Ngakho-ke, nokwehliswa kwesithunzi zemvelo, futhi Ukuwohloka kwemithombo yemvelo. Eqinisweni, le ncazelo akunakudluliswa obusebenzayo ngenxa yokuthi imigomo ezifana "esaphaza imithombo Ukuwohloka" futhi "nokwehliswa kwesithunzi izinhlelo zemvelo imvelo," entula noma iyiphi imithetho. Ngakho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi okuyinto kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela kuhlaziywa umonakalo kwezemvelo, futhi lokhu umthombo enkulu yokungaqiniseki.

lo ibalwa kanjani?

Ngokusho imithetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Environmental" inikeza izindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo mayelana nendlela anqume inani ukulimala imvelo:

1. Ngokuhambisana Izindleko zangempela kudingekile wokubuyiselwa egcwele isimo okhathazekile of imvelo, ikhumbula ukulahlekelwa kuzona, kufaka inzuzo elahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubala kungaba kwenziwe ngokuhambisana iphrojekthi sokufunwa, noma okunye ukusebenza yokutakula.
2. Ngokuhambisana itekisi noma ubuchwepheshe yokunquma inani ukulimaza kwemvelo ukuze imvelo, njengoba kuchazwe futhi evunywe nokuhwebelana okufanelekile ekuphathweni komphakathi emkhakheni zemizimba nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamandla esiphezulu ophansi.

Iphuzu lokuqala kahle okungaphansi kwenkululeko umthetho civil, kuhlanganise nazo welithi "umonakalo" elikhona Code Civil. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isiqondiso yesibili eside kungokwalabo emkhakheni komthetho wokuphatha, ngoba, okokuqala, esekelwe indlela ejwayelekile kuhlaziywa umonakalo. umthetho Federal egcina umehluko ocacile phakathi okulimazayo imvelo, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kubangelwa umthetho futhi alimaze a ukuhambisana icala umthetho.

Njengoba umonakalo inxephezelwa?

Ngokomthetho, umonakalo kwezemvelo esiye okubangelwa ngenxa ezithile kwezomnotho noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi kufanele angabuyiselwa ngokuhambisana amatekisi ezithile, kanye nalabo asetshenziswa ngezinye indlela kuhlaziywa umonakalo nomthetho wezemvelo. Uma le ndlela ayitholakali ke incazelo pay ngeke ibalwe ngokuhambisana Izindleko zangempela ezidingekile ukubuyiselwa esimweni eziphukile imvelo, ikhumbula ukulahlekelwa kuzona kanye nokulahlekelwa inzuzo.

Nokho, lesi sihloko kusitshela. 77, kuyilapho Art. 78 inikeza oda athe ukuhluka kancane kufanele kube indlela ukuliliswa endabeni emkhakheni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo umthetho ngesiphazamiso. Kulokhu, ukubala kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana Izindleko zangempela ezidingekile ukubuyiselwa esimweni eziphukile imvelo, ikhumbula ukulahlekelwa kuzona kanye nokulahlekelwa inzuzo, kanye nekuhambisana amaphrojekthi kulungiswa ahlukahlukene nezinye imisebenzi yokutakula. Uma ingekho, inkokhelo ziyokwenziwa nguMkhandlu itekisi futhi indlela yokunquma Usayizi imvelo ezungeze ukuthi ukucacisa emizimbeni esiphezulu.

Ngakho, uma umonakalo kuhambisana nomthetho, usebenzisa kuphela indlela eyinhloko izimali ukudluliswa, kuyilapho uma ukwephulwa komthetho ukubala umonakalo kwezemvelo obangelwa emoyeni noma kweminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuhambisana Izindleko zangempela okudingekayo ukuze ababuyisele ekupheleleni imvelo.

Yini amasu asetshenziswa?

Advantageously amasu esimanje kakhulu samanje indlela ejwayelekile yokunquma inani umonakalo kwezemvelo, ukusetshenziswa okungase ziholela Imiphumela ezingadingekile noma azilungile. Naphezu ukugxeka njalo we indlela, lapho ekubalweni kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo noma enye, zonke ubuchwepheshe banamuhla futhi zisekelwe kuphela amazinga lomthetho.

Omunye izinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu kubalwa Usayizi umonakalo kwezemvelo kungenziwa ngokuthi ukubala umonakalo emvelweni yasemanzini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube yimanje, ukubala umqondo wegama elithi "umonakalo kwezemvelo" futhi izimiso kuhlaziywa umonakalo kwezemvelo kunqunywa ngokuhambisana inombolo kwemibhalo zokulawula kanye zenqubo ezikhethekile.

Zonke amasu zanamuhla aye ezindaweni ezehlukene ukusetshenziswa futhi yakhelwe ukubala ukulimala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izindlela eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukubala ezisetshenziswa maqondana izinto eziqondile. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi ochwepheshe baye baqhuba izifundo izindlela ezikhona eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilawula umonakalo ungenzanga, noma ukubala kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo ngenxa ngalo selitholakele ukuthi isofthiwe usuku kuhlaziywa umonakalo kwezemvelo alwanele ngumthetho zamanje ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Uye waba yini yokuntuleka elifanele?

It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela izibonelo ezimbalwa ukuvikelwa imizimba amanzi:

• ngokungalungile ibalwa umonakalo kwemvelo okubangelwa nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi ukuphazamiseka umtsetfo lokhona, kusukela kulokhu ngaphansi Art. 77 isidingo zingahambelani amazinga nezindlela;
• umonakalo ngokungalungile ibalwa owenziwe simiso semvelo zasemanzini biota;
• ngokungalungile kunqunywa umonakalo owenziwe machibi njengoba loyimvelo, ngoba umthombo amanzi, ukuzilibazisa nokudoba.

Isofthiwe isebenzisa okwamanje indlela kwencazelo umonakalo liyakushunyayelwa isekelwe esimisweni isinxephezelo nokuhlola futhi kuqhutshekwe nokulungisa ubukhulu ivolumu izindleko ezidingekayo ukunquma ukuthi umonakalo, futhi ukuqedwa okwengeziwe ngezimbangela zako nemiphumela. Lezi zihlanganisa izindleko ezihlukahlukene adingekayo ukuthuthukiswa design and ukulinganisela imibhalo, futhi lezo zindleko ayadingeka ukwaba ukuqeda ukuhlukumeza kanye yokutakula kamuva sento ethile amazinga waphawula ngaphambi ukuzimisela ukuphulwa.

Nokho, izinto ezisohlwini indlela samanje isimangalo 6 Eqinisweni, lingekho ngokuphelele amafomula ukubala. Ngesisekelo le ndlela iyona ejwayelekile zokulawula indlela izilinganiso okwagcina kuholela imiphumela Awunawo ngokuqondene langempela imiphumela kwemvelo ekhona zemvelo, kanye izingxenye zawo ngamanye kanye nemithombo yemvelo ahlukahlukene.

ukubala Engalungile izindleko

Izindleko ezidingekayo uqede zonke izimbangela zokuhlupheka umonakalo ngokungabi nabulungisa kufakwe umonakalo, ngoba cha bekezelela maqondana uhlu imithelela kwemvelo okubangelwa. Ikakhulukazi, kuyafaneleka izibonelo ezimbalwa futhi amasu.

Umonakalo ngenxa ukudedelwa izinto eziyingozi

Kulokhu, ukubala wenziwa ngokuhambisana izici ezilandelayo:

• mass ezingcolisayo sasikhipha ibhizinisi;
• ukuchayeka ukushuba lezi izinto entweni ethile;
• ingozi ekilasini ezingcolisayo ukuthi icala lokuhlushwa yabo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10 mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ngemuva.

Ngemva kwalokho, ukubala we kwemvelo umonakalo ukungcola Kwenziwa ngesisekelo isimo into, ukuthi uhlobo kungokwalabo futhi kanjani yigugu, futhi nangokuhambisana ezinye nemingcele ezengeziwe, ezifana seasonality, nokunye. D.

Kulokhu, ukubaluleka into ethile kunqunywa khona kuwo kwanoma iyiphi izitshalo ezingavamile, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo zokwelapha noma ukuba ilungu izinto kuncike ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile.

Ingozi ngenxa izingozi

Kaningi izimo ezinjalo zenzeka lapho ngenxa yokuhluleka ezithile amabhizinisi ezungezile izinto ezinzima ngokwanele ahlukahlukene wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic, kuhlanganise imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nabanye abaningi, lapho kungenzeka faka ngisho nasezindleleni indle noma amanzi amanzi.

Kulokhu, izindlela kokubala umonakalo kwezemvelo ukunikeza incazelo yayo ngokuhambisana nenqwaba ndaba ukhiphe ngenxa yengozi, kanye nesikhathi phakathi nalapho kungekho amanyathelo okususa ukungcoliswa engahlosiwe. Nalapha futhi, indlela inikeza ekubaleni ezengeziwe ngokuhambisana isimo into, okuyinto baye bahlupheka umonakalo, uhlobo lwayo nokubaluleka, kanye nezici eziningana ezengeziwe.

Umonakalo ngenxa ukudedelwa yezitsha zasendlini indle ezahlukene

Indlela ekubalweni kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo kanye isivele umlimaze kuhilela ukuthola umonakalo ngokuhambisana ivolumu wesitoreji ithangi adingekayo ukuqoqwa kwamanzi yasendlini noma isigaba isitsha, inani ukuhlala kuso abantu phakathi kwesehlakalo esikhathini sokuhlala okuqhubekayo bomkhumbi endaweni yokupaka. izici engeziwe ziyefana njengoba kulezi zimo odlule.

Ingozi ngenxa nokungcoliswa ukukhiqizwa udoti futhi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela udoti

Okunqumayo endaweni into esiye ingcoliswe imfucuza. Uma ngabe le into ngoba agcina ke endaweni kunqunywa amanzi, kanye ngezansi futhi ugu into idatha okunobuthi imfucuza. Zonke ezinye nemingcele ziyafana: isimo into ngemuva kokuxinwa umonakalo, seasonality, uhlobo ukubaluleka into, kodwa wanezela kubo babe degree of ukungcoliswa luhlobo imfucuza, noma yimuphi omunye udoti.

Umonakalo ngenxa yokugobhoza noma kulahlwe ukusetshenziswa kanye ukukhiqizwa imfucumfucu

Ukubalwa umonakalo kwezemvelo, isibonelo lapho sisuke sicabanga okwamanje, wenziwa ngokuhambisana nenqwaba ishiywe besiyoba sikhulu imfucuza ukusetshenziswa kanye ukukhiqizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo ibalwa ngokuvumelana isimo into ngenxa yomonakalo kuye, kanye nokuba hlobo.

Ingozi ngenxa yemisebenzi ahlukahlukene ezihlobene ushintsho landscape

Izibalo umonakalo kwezemvelo ekukhiqizeni, kulokhu zenzeke ngenxa ukudla okuqinile imisiwe, ukukhululwa okuyinto umphumela yezimayini noma amaminerali ukuhlola, eqhuba Dredging noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ezihlobene ushintsho landscape, amabhishi, kanye yephula imigomo yokusetshenziswa insimu ngaphandle ukutholakala lokhu izimvume ezifanele. Futhi, ukubala wenziwa umcimbi ukuthi yimuphi izakhiwo ezibalulekile babhujiswa kule ngozi.

Uma isimo kwenzekani emzimbeni amanzi, kulesi simo kunobukhulu bendawo izinto kunqunywa ngokuhambisana ngokwesilinganiso obuphelele, ukujula ububanzi ukusabalala endaweni, kanye nendawo kanye nesizinda kwabantu. izici engeziwe: isimo into ngemva kokungcola kwakhe, uhlobo ukubaluleka into, khona amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu noma isikhukhula, seasonality.

Umonakalo ngenxa Ukuwohloka esinqunyiwe noma ephelele umthombo yemvelo

Lokhu kubalwa wenziwa uma ukulimala kwaba umphumela yikuphi ukwephula imibandela yokusetshenziswa yalesi loyimvelo noma kwenziwe engekho amaphepha afanele, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise lezi zinsiza. Uma sicabangela lokho izindleko afakiwe kulesi sibalo umonakalo kwemvelo kungaba izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ubuyisele umthombo futhi kuvimbele Ukuwohloka wako. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umthombo wamanzi, kulesi simo sidinga ukuthi kabili inani lamanzi ukuthi ubanjwe.

Futhi uyakucabangela izinga yokukhokha, okuyinto emthonjeni lenye indawo ethile kuncike ngokuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekubaleni isimo esishiwo into ngenxa yokungcola, uhlobo into, kanye ukuthi iyini ebusweni noma ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ingozi ngenxa yezimayini

Nalapha futhi, ukubala wenziwa umcimbi ukuthi umonakalo kubangelwa e inqubo izinsiza zokukhiqiza ephula nemibandela umtsetfo lokhona ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kulo mthombo kwezinsiza, noma ngokungabi bikho imibhalo edingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa kwayo. Kulokhu umonakalo kunqunywa ngokuvumelana isisindo izimayini, uhlobo ukubaluleka kwento kanye esimweni saso ngenxa yalokhu ukusilaphazeka. Njengoba usaqhubeka futhi ekubalweni kugwenywe umonakalo kwezemvelo, isibonelo lapho sisuke sicabanga.