Boris Rauschenbach: Biography nesithombe

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia kanye usosayensi edumile emhlabeni wonke, omunye wabasunguli be-Astronautics e-USSR. Ukuba se-physics, umakhenikha, yena akugcini kuphela kule lunye. Boris V basonta imisebenzi engokwesayensi emkhakheni wezobuciko umlando, umlando wenkolo, kanye umsebenzi lesibonwa ezindabeni eziningi Contemporary ukuthi ziye kwakuqala ukwanda emhlabeni wonke. Ubelokhu ukulawula ukuhamba Russian amaJalimane ngenxa ukuvuselelwa ubuzwe.

Imilando lososayensi

Boris Rauschenbach wazalwa ngo Petrograd (manje Petersburg) January 18, 1905 emndenini Russian amaJalimane.

Ngemva kokuqeda esikoleni, le nsizwa yaba umsebenzi ku-ifektri izindiza eLeningrad. Imininingwane yalolu isitshalo wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho Isiphelo sakhe: ngo-1932 waba umfundi Leningrad Institute of Civil Onjiniyela Fleet iqala ukuba ahileleke eshibilikayo. Craze kuye kwaholela ajwayelane Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, futhi esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukuba sibambisane naye ku rocket isikhala umkhakha wesayensi Soviet.

Ngo-1937, Rauschenbach iyiswe dolobha ukuze ngiyosebenza kwenye i-Rocket ithimba Research Institute, eholwa Sergei Korolev. Ngakho Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, isithombe negama kamuva wahlala umgoqo isikhathi eside umphakathi, uvukile phakathi kwababusi abasunguli zohlelo Soviet isikhala.

Kwabe umsebenzi ngesikhathi isitshalo okuziphendulela Sverdlovsk (eYekaterinburg namuhla), okuyinto waxoshelwa Rocket Research Institute ngo-November 1941 (RNII).

Entwasahlobo ka-1942 Rauschenbach waboshwa futhi wayiswa ekamu nje iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu German. Ngo Ekamu okufukuzwa kulo Boris V uyaqhubeka ukusebenza homing amagobolondo anti-aircraft, izibalo indiza yayo. Kuye kwaphawulwa aziwayo izindiza umklami Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Siyabonga kuye, ngo-1945 Rauschenbach wayiswa Nizhny Tagil esikhundleni nesifiki ekhethekile.

Ngo-1948, ikhanda entsha RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach uthola NII-1 ye-Ministry of Aviation Imboni umphathi womnyango.

Ngo-1955, Rauschenbach kudlule Sergeyu Korolevu, lapho kwezwe yokuqala waqala ukutadisha ukujayeza ezinyakazayo ezimotweni isikhala.

Rauschenbach umndeni kwaqala

Njengoba ilandiswa Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, umndeni wakhe uvele Russia ekhulwini XVIII. Ngo-1766, Umbusikazi uCatherine II lahlela umkhankaso yawoyise amaJalimane e-Russia. Ngenxa le nqubomgomo, futhi kwakungekho ngukhokho usosayensi uKarl-Friedrich Rauschenbach nomkakhe ku iVolga esifundeni.

Uyise usosayensi, uVictor Ya (igama phakathi livela egameni kumkhulu wakhe uJakobe), kwaba ungowokuzalwa iVolga esifundeni, esifundeni, ngaleso sikhathi kwakhiwa ikoloni abafuduki German. Bafunde eJalimane ke wasebenza njengomphathi we lobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi yezikhumba zezilwane "Skorokhod".

Ngokwe-Umlando we Boris Viktorovich, uyise wayengumuntu umuntu onomusa futhi sithethelele. Lapho umfana ekhula, uVictor Ya kakhulu bamlethela umqondo nokuziqhenya ngomsunguli German. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakwenza kahle kakhulu.

Rauschenbach umama, Leontine Fridrihovna (isitayela Russian - F.) Gallico Wazalelwa e-Estonia (Saaremaa), umsuka - Baltic German. Knew izilimi ezine - Russian, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi futhi isi-Estonia, elibuye nomthelela umsebenzi salo eRussia emkhayeni bonnoy ocebile. Ngemva kokushada waba wekhaya.

Umama wayengafundile kahle uthisha esiqine ngempela sokuvikela imininingwane kodwa fair, nakuba ngokwemvelo - umuntu bejabule, lisebenza futhi bejabule. It wayengadlali owafaka izingane zabo (udade Boris sika Karin Elena) ikhono singalahlekelwa umoya nasezimweni ezinzima kwansuku ababasiza esikhathini esizayo. Boris Rauschenbach, ogama biography wayegcwele izimo ezinjalo kungaba ngokufaneleyo siphile impilo yakho emangalisayo.

Boris Rauschenbach iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu bancishwa kuyise: efa eneminyaka engu-iminyaka emashumi mathandathu kusukela yokumelwa yinhliziyo.

Unina washona ngemva kwempi. Ukulahlekelwa umama Boris ngawabo ubufakazi balokho kanzima kakhulu ukuthi - incwadi udadewabo, kulo aye wasigcina.

ukuphila Siqu

isiphetho sabo, Vera Mikhailovna, uBoris Viktorovich Raushenbah wahlangana e Moscow, lapho wathuthela ngo-1937, njengoba shipbuilding futhi umkhakha zasolwandle eLeningrad wayengenasithakazelo. Ngalesi sikhathi leli zwe kweqa igagasi lokuboshwa futhi Rauschenbach, a German lalingabulawa kalula kube emakamu. Lezi zici ziye kwaphoqa usosayensi abasha ukuthuthela inhlokodolobha, lapho kungekho muntu ababemazi.

Ngokushesha Boris efulethini lapho ayehlala khona nabangani bakhe, kuphendule Owesifazane Vera. Vera M. wazalwa ngo Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Kungenze ngabheka abantu eMoscow ukufunda. Kuze elinye ingalali wakipita kuyisekazi eyayinesikhundla okuthunyelwe okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, ngo-May 19, waboshwa wabe esemdubula Owesifazane evicted. Ngakho Vera kwaba efulethini lapho ayehlala Rauschenbach.

Abantu abasha washada ngakho ngaphambi kwempi, 24 Meyi 1941. Ngokwe-Umlando we Rauschenbach, zinembile yokubhalisa iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu "izihlalo ezingu-12" by Ilf and Petrov. Kwaba mnandi ... ngeke ahlukane nalesi sikhathi, ngisho nalapho Boris V kwaba ngesikhathi esekamu okufukuzwa kulo (umkakhe wayevame).

Wacabanga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, ukuphila siqu sewusungule ngempumelelo, naphezu nomaye zokuphila. Sinenkosi izingane emangalisayo nabazukulu. Kwabanye kunzima kungamangalisi ukuthi iminyaka eminingi ngakho Vera M. - kuphela oshade naye.

Indlela emkhathini

Njengoba usosayensi othile, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich wazibonakalisa namanje Leningrad izindiza inombolo ifektri 23, nalapho efike waphelela khona wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa nokuhlolwa kwe-glider. Umsebenzi iye yabangela ukuphela ukulotshwa amaphepha kuqala yesayensi, isihloko owawungumnyaka ukuzinza longitudinal indiza waphansi. efanayo Isihloko Boris Rauschenbach wahlanganyela RNII Queen, kodwa manje lo msebenzi kwakungekaNkulunkulu cruise ezicitshwayo.

Ngo-1938, ukwakhiwa kwaleso sikhungo kwamiswa ngenxa kokuboshwa kwala Queen, futhi Rauschenbach refocused jet izinjini, imfundiso yokuziphendukela amandla omlilo.

Gulag akusona isithiyo ngoba usosayensi: ekamu ke wayesenza umsebenzi ku homing amagobolondo anti-aircraft, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo amsize aphume ekamu, ukuba abe abavela kwamanye amazwe akhethekile ukuze uqhubeke umsebenzi walo ngoba RNII.

Ngo-1948, sibonga ikhanda entsha ye Missile Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach wabuyela eMoscow, lapho SRI-1 ukwenza ramjet injini, okungukuthi vibration omlilo nokudludliza acoustic kulolu hlobo injini.

Ngo-1955, uBoris V wahamba uwayosebenzela the Queen, lapho njengoba usosayensi othile kwadingeka ithuba eliyingqayizivele - okokuqala emhlabeni ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi ezihlobene kutetayeta ukuhamba izimoto emkhathini. Ngemva kwalokho, sibonga umsebenzi sokudubula yakhe ohlangothini Moon ngu mkhathi namaSoviet "Luna-3" owawuse. Ngo-1960, i-Rauschenbach credit waklonyeliswa Lenin Prize.

Ngo-1958, uBoris V bavikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela (PhD bavikela ngo-1948).

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphansi kweshumi ngezazi zesayensi ukuba uqaphele interplanetary indiza esiteshini ukulawula isimo sengqondo uhlelo "Venus", "Mars", "Uphenyo" mkhathi kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo futhi mathupha.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, ogama biography iye kakhulu exhumene ne yonke, futhi wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ku ekulungiseni nasekuthuleni ukundiza Cosmonaut lokuqala Yuri Gagarin.

Ngo-1966, uBoris V akhethwe ilungu ohambelana we-Academy of Sciences (AS) zase-USSR, futhi engamashumi amabili kamuva yaba ilungu egcwele Academy of Sciences.

Iconography futhi Rauschenbach

Njengoba usosayensi Entela, wathi kuyinselele akakwazanga ukubhekana isihloko yesayensi, uma useqalile vele ukusebenza nabanye ososayensi angaphezu kweshumi nambili. Futhi parallel umsebenzi ku isikhala waqala ukuba nesithakazelo konke igcwele into entsha, kodwa nhlobo, ezifana ubuciko, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, abanothando umlando okuyinto kubonakaliswa ngiseyingane, wayekuthanda ukuhamba eziningi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni enomlando wasendulo. Kancane kancane kodwa kahle kule isithakazelo yesayensi yaqala ukubonakala izithonjana. Iqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela amahloni indlela ukudluliswa isikhala kuzo, ngokuthi "umbono reverse", akunangqondo futhi ngokuphambene nemithetho eyaziwayo izithombe.

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo ngombono reverse kubuye kuhlobane nge isixazululo amadivayisi izinkinga docking emkhathini.

Ososayensi baqala ukuphenyisisa lesi simanga. Nokho, wakucabangela umsebenzi iso, ubuchopho. Ukuze wenze lokhu kwadingeka ukuba enze incazelo zezibalo womsebenzi kobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, Rauschenbach wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi zonke lezi imifanekiso eyinqaba yemvelo futhi ayinakugwenywa.

Wacabanga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography kuyinto engokoqobo ehlukile kunaleyo ukuthi ubona indoda ngenxa kudivayisi ethile iso. Ngenxa yalokho, isithonjana kusenza bayakholelwa ukuthi leli zwe empeleni uncono kakhulu futhi kangcono.

Rauschenbach wayeqiniseka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda imifanekiso, engazi yenkolo. Futhi waqala ukutadisha yenkolo, ngisho into ebhaliwe kulo mkhakha, ikakhulukazi zintathu ( "umqondo-zintathu").

Indlela eya zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni

Boris Rauschenbach at ubhapathizo ngo-1915 wabhalwa ukholo kayise - Reformed. Lolo kholo kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngaleso sikhathi abangaba ngu-20% we-Russian amaJalimane.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi beziNguquko, ngokungafani kuya amaLuthela ungayazi imifanekiso, ungayisebenzisi uphawu lwesiphambano. Kodwa kamuva esinqumweni uMbusi u-Alexander I Nicholas mina, Reformed futhi amaLuthela sebehlanganisiwe zibe munye isonto, futhi Boris waya nonina esontweni lamaLuthela, nakuba emzini naso esontweni Reformed. Nokho, ngezizathu ezingaziwa Rauschenbach Ngeke ube yilunga lebandla Reformed, kodwa inhlonipho yakhe, isithombe sakhe igcinwe.

Ukuqalekela inkolo Boris V wazizwa balandele ikamu. Waqala khona sesonto lobu-Orthodox, wathatha izincwadi ezifanele, waqala ukulandela amasevisi esontweni, kodwa wabhapathizwa ngokushesha nje ngaphambi kokuba afe.

Rauschenbach wakhumbula ukuthi ukusebenzisana yimpumelelo aphume ohlelweni lwabo ngesikhathi kwethulwa mkhathi esilandelayo njalo wasukuma wenza uphawu lwesiphambano.

Phakathi reception ezibiyele ngesikhathi kwethulwa mkhathi lokuqala Boris V nguye kuphela ukwethula umuntu othile waya ku-ukumema abameleli beSonto Lobu-Orthodox, okuyinto Yiqiniso, akazange angena ilogi yomcimbi.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, izincwadi nezihloko okuyizinto kwandile, akazange ahlanganyele ohlelweni lwabo akhona ekuqondeni izwe - zenkolo nezesayensi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kukhona zamagama wabo.

Ngo-1987, ephephabhukwini "Communist" Academician Rauschenbach yashicilela isihloko elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-1000th we Ukubhapathizwa Rus. Kuyo usosayensi bakhomba ukubaluleka kwalesi senzakalo isimo Russian. Agasti "bangamakhomanisi" Igumbi ngaleso sikhathi badayise, ngisho ngaleso esitodlwaneni we CPSU.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kuza omunye umsebenzi academician - ". Umqondo kaZiqu-zintathu" Isihloko okubangelwa yokusabela ezithile, Echoes zazo wezwa kuze kube manje.

Rauschenbach-zintathu

Boris Rauschenbach-zintathu kwadingeka ukwahlulela ayo asinikeza encwadini yakhe "umqondo-zintathu." Ngokusho kwakhe, esontweni lapho efundisa wanika isinqumo kahle lesifanele inselelo ebhekene nazo - inkulumo ethi uNkulunkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba triad kanye monad.

Usosayensi uveza ukuthi i-akhawunti yamanje ye-izimiso kokholo Orthodox ifana kokuhamba kusukela leso sivumo sokholo, ngoba kuthiwa wonke umuntu KuZiqu-zintathu - Nkulunkulu. Kungokufanayo kuthiwa nomthandazo.

Boris Rauschenbach, "umqondo kaZiqu-zintathu," okuyinto ngomzamo ukuqonda ingxoxo Florensky no E. N. Trubetskogo zintathu kaNkulunkulu, eza lokhu ngokombono isayensi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi usosayensi e-amandla Soviet balithanda izihloko zenkolo, naphezu elanqoba leyo minyaka yokungakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ukuba nenkani.

Unendaba, kungenzeka ngqo ukuthatha nomqondo isivumokholo eyanikezwa uBaba Florensky, kodwa liwubophe a imodeli ethile enengqondo. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, khona-ke umuntu ngeke ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, hhayi e-engenangqondo ekhona, nakuba ayengafiki ngaphandle ezinye logic.

Ngokumangalisayo, Rauschenbach uthole imodeli zezibalo ukuchaza logic of the lokholo, umbhedesho walo zintathu. Le modeli wazibonakalisa Vector kanye nezakhi zalo amathathu ngakuthathu Ukudidiyela uhlelo.

Inkinga yaxazululeka: le imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu (zintathu) kwaba kufanelekile logic esisemthethweni. Lo mcimbi ongaqhathaniswa ukuqhuma kwebhomu. Yiqiniso, "logic-zintathu" kubalulekile, kodwa ingabe akukhona abuqede ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu, ngoba empeleni ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu akunakulinganiswa.

Isakhamuzi yezwe labo

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, izincwadi, ama-athikili ngalo zazivame benamandla ukukhathazeka isiphetho ezweni labo futhi izwe, wehluleka ukubukela lokho ukuthi kwenzekani endaweni emzungezile. Ukuswela samanje abantu isiRashiya, ubumpofu, isayensi kumbangela ubuhlungu nentukuthelo ngaphakathi. Kwakunzima ukuba aqonde ukuthi ukungabi nemali evela kuhulumeni ukuthola izimali zemfundo, isayensi, ngesikhathi izwe kwakukhona nokunonophala ngamabomu isigaba esithile sabantu.

"Ukwelapha ukushaqeka" Gaidar ukuze Boris Viktorovich, isayensi professional eliphakeme, ubuciko, ezomnotho nezinhlangano naba yisibonelo yokuntuleka efaneleyo ebuholini wezwe. Rauschenbach babekholelwa ukuthi iRussia kumele uthole indlela yokuphuma kwasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga, kancane buhlungu abaseRussia.

"Imicabango belusizi" Rauschenbach

Esihlokweni sakhe zokugcina "imicabango belusizi" Boris Rauschenbach Uzindla esizayo waso sonke isintu, Kubonakala hhayi kuphela njengesakhamuzi seSewula Russia, kodwa futhi zonke izakhamuzi neplanethi enguMhlaba.

kakhulu Isihloko sihloko uthi mayelana nesimo salezi ukucabanga. It Rauschenbach ehlukanisa inkolelo yokungafi intando yeningi kusukela ingxoxo yeningi ukuthi owandile ezweni namuhla. Futhi ayenzi sokudlulisa Russia.

Umbhali siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi zonke amacala enkulu uzibophezele ngaphansi iziqubulo yelinyenti, windbags yeningi kaningi zizalwa zingazange kuqondwe umbhedo ukuthi bamele izimfuno zabantu zikude amandla.

Emsebenzini yayo, le academician uphakamisa ukubuya emasisweni womuntu, okungukuthi, umndeni, umphakathi. Yena okholwa ukuthi imithwalo yemfanelo abantu kufanele kube ephakeme kunaleyo amalungelo abo. Rauschenbach bakholelwa ukuthi kuphela ngalendlela uyosindisa isintu ekulimaleni. Enye kunganikezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sesayensi ukholelwa ukuthi kufanele kube khona uhulumeni le planethi, inqubomgomo kabani kuyoba ezinzima, kodwa professional kakhulu.

Ukuze nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngokuvumelana Rauschenbach, isintu kwaba ukuthuthela kolunye uhlangothi, remaking yena kanye nemvelo. Futhi, ngeshwa, kukhona abantu abambalwa kakhulu abangakwazi ukuvula amehlo abantu babone amaphutha esikhathi esidlule nawamanje abaye ebezingakabonwa ekupheleni.

isiphetho

Boris Rauschenbach wafa Mashi 27, 2001. ithuna lakhe kule Novodevichy emathuneni.

Washona usosayensi ngosuku uTheodore Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. I Umngcwabo wawenziwa St Nicholas Kuznetsky ethempelini. Lokhu kwaba intando usosayensi oluvelele amaSoviet nasemakamu aseRussia.

Ngaye, isintu ilahlekelwe eyodwa Geniuses yayo, isakhamuzi Zomhlaba iplanethi.

Inani umnikelo usosayensi ukuze isayensi kanye namasiko Russia uthi neziqu zakhe kanye nemiklomelo. Rauschenbach iyilungu elishisekayo zezifundiswa ezintathu (Academy of Sciences, International Academy of Astronautics and Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Yena waklonyeliswa Lenin futhi Demidov Prize, futhi Hero of Socialist Labour. Beqondiswa Council Research "Umlando World Culture" RAS.