Ukukhululwa Vienna Apreli 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria naseHungary - kukhona Kulawo mazwe angakathuthuki, nakuba bebonakala sengathi efanayo kakhulu kodwa zihluke kakhulu nomunye. Lokhu kusebenza futhi yokucabanga. Ngakho, lapho ngifika e-Hungary Red Army Ebhizinisi Union amukela abandayo kakhulu, enobutha negcwele ukukhonza kuyilapho Austrians asabela ngayo neutrally noma siqotho wezempi.

A umbono evamile ukulungiselela nokuziphatha imisebenzi akuyona kuze kube manje. Lokhu kungenxa ukubangisana le imibono yamaSoviet nokungathathi hlangothi Austria, ukubukwa pro-undlovukayiphikiswa futhi ingqondo. Nokho, yokukhululwa Vienna - isihloko kuyathakazelisa umlutha futhi kubangela ukuthuthumela phambi namandla amasosha nokushisekela izwe ongacimekiyo. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ukukhululwa kwe-dolobha yase-Austria uye wakwazi hhayi kuphela fast kakhulu, kodwa ukulahlekelwa womuntu omncane.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa

Ngo-1945, ngonyaka wesishiyagalolunye izinhlangothi ezimbili ezilwayo isiphelile: ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba - futhi amasosha tylovikov, izindleko - ezweni ngalinye ukuthi iqhaza kule nkinga wezimpi ezalandela. A unentshiseko amandla amasha wabonakala ngesikhathi basuswa phansi German esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eduze kweChibi Balaton. IRed Army amabutho ngokoqobo elalibambeke e izivikelo lobuNazi, ephoqa amaJalimane ngokushesha lithathe izinyathelo zokulungisa "izimbobo" enjalo.

Ingozi esiyinhloko kubo wawuthi amaSoviet isizinda kuleli ukujika entsha, kungaba isikhathi eside ukuba bayakhohlwa bamba yeHungary. Futhi uma elahlekile kuleli zwe, Austria, futhi, maduze ngaphansi kokulawula Russian.

Ngalesi sikhathi phambi amabutho 2 kanye 3rd izimpi Ukrainian, kukhona umsebenzi - ukuphula amaJalimane endaweni iChibi Balaton, kungakadluli Mashi 16.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo akuleli UV yesithathu kwadingeka ukuba uyogalela yiqembu isitha ngomhla ka-Ephreli 15 th ukungena umugqa Tulln, St Poelten, Neu lengby.

izinsiza okuhlaselayo

Njengoba yokukhululwa Vienna amathemba omkhulu nje kuphela umyalo, kodwa amasosha abavamile, elungiselela ukusebenza waqala ngokushesha. Igalelo main ayekufake amabutho Okwesithathu Front Ukraine. Ngicindezelekile, kwafa abaningi phakathi kwabantu kanye nempahla, bathola amandla silungiselele ukuhlasela.

izimoto ukulwa replenishment wayengeyena nje ngenxa kokuthola izinto ezintsha, kodwa futhi sibonga amasosha abalulama isikhali ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngesikhathi lapho ukusebenza baqala yokukhululwa Vienna, ku arsenal of the 3rd Front Ukrainian kwakuyilawa:

• 18 ukwehlukana isibhamu;
• kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili amathangi kanye SAU (self-eyayimfuqa wezikhali izingcezu);
• cishe 4,000 izibhamu izigqulo.

Sekukonke isilinganiso ukuhlinzwa

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukukhuluma ngokungananazi mayelana kalula noma kunzima isinyathelo, thina asikwazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhululwa kuka Vienna ngo-1945 - ingenye imisebenzi esheshayo futhi bhá. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba abalulekile okungabantu kanye nempahla ukulahlekelwa. Ukuze bathi ukuthunjwa inhloko-dolobha e-Austria yamane yathi, ungakwazi kuphela abakushayi yokuthi iningi nezinye iziphepho ahlanganiswa ukulahlekelwa kakhulu okukhulu komuntu.

impumuzo Cishe osheshayo of Vienna - futhi umphumela isipiliyoni ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet, ngoba kakade ziye zaphumela yimpumelelo bamba uhlelo.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana ekhethekile imimoya eliphezulu amasosha ethu, okuyinto futhi baba nendima ebalulekile isinqumo ngempumelelo umzabalazo inhlokodolobha Austria. Amasosha wazizwa njengendlela ngokunqoba kwakho, futhi abafileyo ukhathele. Kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi zonke sinyathelo esibonisa inqubekela phambili - lena isiqondiso i ekuseni ekhaya, ukukhulisa umoya.

Imisebenzi phambi

Ukukhululwa Vienna, eqinisweni, sihlehlela emuva Februwari, lapho eqala ukwakha ezinye izindlela i-bula Hungary bese ukuxoshwa amaNazi eVienna. Loluhlelo ngqo kwaphela ngo-March, maphakathi, futhi kakade-26 enyangeni efanayo phambi (amasosha Russian futhi Romanian) Ukubuthelela Soviet okuhlaselayo ukuthi ibuye - ukuhlasela futhi ukuthatha line-T intfo letinebudze Pozba.

Ntambama ngosuku ukusebenza has eve kancane kuphela. ibutho ngayo izinto ibilokhu eziningi ukulahlekelwa, kodwa ngisho at kuhlwe umlilo ungacimi ezimpini abanolaka. Ngakusasa, isitha wakwazi wokukhipha emfuleni uMethodius.

IRed Army amabutho

ukunyakaza kancane kancane waze waphela ngo-Ephreli 5 th (okungukuthi yokukhululwa Vienna amasosha aseSoviet waqala ngalolo suku). Ngezinye 7,00 ekuseni ngosuku waqala kuhlaselwa Bratislava. Kwaba khona abangu-25 kuqhuma Corps of the iRed Army, 27 th Guards Tank Brigade kanye 2nd Tank Regiment Romanian. Ngemva impi okunzima Bratislava likhishiwe ekupheleni kosuku.

Ngo parallel, amabutho Soviet-Romanian waqala ukuwela umfula Morava Nokho, ngokungafani kuya ukuthunjwa edolobheni, lo msebenzi akwenziwanga nenkathi efanayo. Kuze Apreli 8 babe izimpi zendawo kule front, uvikelwe kokudluliswa ngandlela-thile phesheya. Ngo-April 9, owela yaqedwa. Ngehora lesithathu, amasosha ethu bakwazi ukunqamula phesheya. Amasosha ziye ababebuthene Tsverndorfe ukuze kamuva ukuxhumana izingxenye ngabanye we-4 th Guards Airborne Division.

Lapha okufanayo bathunyelwa 10 T-34 5 SU-76 futhi Romanian SAU futhi 15 amathangi.

Force ukuvikela inhloko-dolobha e-Austria

IRed Army amabutho ebhekene neqembu sasivumela enamandla German. Ngakho, yokukhululwa Vienna ngo-1945 ukuthi kuyoke kwenzeke ngaphansi kombandela anqobe:

• 8 futhi tank 1 ukwahlukana elihamba;
• 15 elihamba Ibutho ngoba Volkssturm (uhamba kuhlasela);
• bonke abasebenzi we dolobha esikoleni empi;
• amaphoyisa, kusukela okwadala 4 Regiment (ke abantu abangaphezu kuka-6000).

Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana inzuzo ohlangothini sibonga zamaNazi ukuba zisho ukuthi ingcebo yawo engokwemvelo. Entshonalanga yomuzi laligcwele ezintabeni, empumalanga futhi izinhlangothi enyakatho ngu iDanube cishe zingenakunqobeka neningizimu amaJalimane kwaqinisa ngaseziseleni antitank, ahlukahlukene ezivikelweni, pillboxes, imisele, bunkers.

Vienna wabaselwa ngokoqobo elaligcwele nswi izikhali ezifihliwe emanxiweni, imigwaqo eminingi oluhlukaniswe ahambe ngothango, nezakhiwo ezindala babe uhlobo zibuswa.

ukuhlela ukuba liyobamba

Elibanzi ekuhloleni isimo futhi wazi ukuthi yokukhululwa Vienna amasosha aseSoviet ngeke elula, F. I. Tolbuhin izinhlelo ukuthumela uthuthumele nge 3 izinhlangothi, ngaleyo ndlela kudale netwetwe izinduna lezimanga. ukuhlaselwa Three iphiko zazimi kanje:

1. 4th Guards Army kanye 1st Guards Corps washaywa phezu eningizimu-mpumalanga.
2. In the side eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-zokuhlasela 6th Guards Army ne TC 18th.
3. West, beqa umzila kuphela uyonquma nezinye amabutho.

Ngakho, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo wawuyoba sibe ugibe olubulalayo.

Libuye uzinake isimo sengqondo ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet ukubaluleka edolobheni: kwakuhlelwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka enhloko-dolobha.

Loluhlelo sivunyiwe kweso. Capture isikhundla futhi ukuhlanza idolobha ngabe iphutha ngesivinini sombani, uma kungekhona ukuthi ukumelana eziqine.

okuhlaselayo Okokuqala isigamu

usuku wesi-5 wokusebenza wethulwa, eyathatha kuze 13 April. Ukukhululwa Vienna nokho yaphela kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle izindleko womuntu esiyinhlekelele, kodwa futhi ukuhamba kulwa lakhe lingeke ladalulwa.

Ngosuku lokuqala abazange ukuletha impumelelo Red Army isinyathelo ngenxa ukumelana abanolaka amabutho aseJalimane. Yize lo offensive asebenzayo Soviet, ukukhuthazwa wahlala mancane. AmaNazi baqonda ukuthi bona babe ndawo ukubaleka walwa kuze kube sekugcineni.

6 Ephreli waphawula yabambana ngezihluthu eduze komuzi, ezisemaphethelweni yayo. Ngalolu suku, Army Soviet wakwazi ukuchitha okwengeziwe, futhi kusihlwa, ngisho ukuya nedlelo entshonalanga naseningizimu, bese uzithola edolobheni saseVienna.

Elinye iphiko enzile yafakwa kwenye eduze Alps futhi wafunda izindlela entshonalanga, bese kuya iDanube.

Lezi zenzo uholé yokuthi iqembu esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe isitha.

Ukuthwebula komuzi

Ukukhululwa Vienna kusuka amaNazi ingena i isigaba asebenzayo kusukela kusihlwa ngo-April 7, lapho iphiko kwesokudla lwesithathu UV Pressbaum ithumba futhi ushukumisela okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezintathu: entshonalanga, empumalanga nasenyakatho.

Ngomhlaka 9 iqala ingxenye zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho we bamba. Ukumelana ngokukhethekile amaJalimane ngokubhoboza ibhuloho Imperial, ngoba bekuyosho ukuthi ukuthatha umbuthano ephelele. Ukuphela Ngosuku lwesihlanu ukusebenza kwaphawulwa ekuphumeleleni kwalo iRed Army - Ukubuthelela wodweshu kwaba esiyingini, nakuba iminyango emaphakathi babesayenza uzama ukulwa futhi simelane.

Ngo-April 11 iqala owela iDanube Canal, kanye izimpi zakamuva, ukukhululwa kuka Vienna kusuka amaNazi usezofika ekupheleni.

Ukubhekana isitha kwakuyinto kulula, ikampu German wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezine, bese neutralized.

Iqala ukubuthwa yedolobha, okuyinto uyaqhubeka kuze April 13 kwakusihlwa. Kuyinto le nombolo futhi kugujwa Liberation Usuku e Vienna.

Mayelana izakhamuzi zendawo edolobheni

Umyalo Army Soviet ukubonisa inhlonipho ukuze umlando kanye namasiko we dolobha Austria. Ukuqinisekiswa lokhu - isikhalo abantu Vienna nge isikhalazo ukusiza iRed Army. Iphuzu elitholakala kulesi azowalekelela walala yokuthi abantu bakuleli dolobha bacelwe ukuthi nje musa ukushiya amakhaya awo ngaphandle kokunikeza amaJalimane ukudiliza isakhiwo futhi abhubhise izikhumbuzo. La mazwi yokutholwa ngomdlandla.

Empeleni, kwaba ukuthuthela Tactical, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto: uma ufuna ukukusiza - Ukugcina umuntu ayithandayo into inhliziyo. Ngemva isimemezelo sengqondo esinjalo ekuqaleni hlangothi Austrians zokushintshela ngcono, futhi ngakho-ke iqala ukubambisana asebenzayo.

Ukunqoba kuleli dolobha isibe ongokomfanekiso, ngoba okokuqala ethunjwa lizwe amaNazi - Austria. Ngaphansi kohlaka yonke impi, lesi senzakalo saphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokuphela kwezwe eJalimane lobuNazi.

Union ukunqoba

Into yokuqala ukuthi kumele kuqashelwe, ukukhuluma ngomphumela - ukubhujiswa iqembu elikhulu Wehrmacht, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi belungiselela ukuhlinzwa Hungary abakhululiwe ngokuphelele, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo amabutho 2nd futhi Ukrainian 3rd izimpi. Yilelo nalelo lungu ngithola indondo ukuze kukhululwe Vienna.

Khona-ke ezindaweni esempumalanga yaleli zwe futhi inhloko-dolobha babematasa.

Futhi wayivula kanjani indlela eya ePrague, okwenza bakwazi ngokushesha phambili.

Ilondolozwe Kahle ifa zamasiko nezomlando ka omunye amahle kakhulu dolobha e-Europe, kanye ekuqaleni ukubuyiselwa Vienna.

abantu Austria kwaba ngokoqobo isinxibi emva ukuphanga, ukuqhumisa amabhomu nokubhujiswa, kuzo zombili lezi 1945 wenziwe isinqumo esiqinile ukunikeza ukudla usizo labantu ngoba.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuze eJalimane lobuNazi

Ngokuqondene ukulahlekelwa Berlin, kungcono ukulahlekelwa ukulawula izikhungo ngobukhulu zezimboni baseNtshonalanga Yurophu - Vienna kwemboni walahlekelwa impi ngoba Nadkanizhskoe uwoyela ensimini. Ngaphandle kwayo, ezungezile fuel izitshalo bumbela basala ngaphandle izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho, i-German elahlekile imishini ukuhamba, futhi umyalo waphoqeleka ukuba beyikhipha sijule ezindaweni ayenqotshiwe, esangenza amabutho aseSoviet ukuba siqhubekele phambili ngokushesha. I ukumelana enikeziwe elihamba amayunithi kuphela, ababengeke bakwazi ukunikeza wenqaba sina esitheni ngesikhathi ngaphansi amabhomu.

Kukhona usongo ngqo kokunqotshwa eJalimane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, yokubuyiswa amasosha amaNazi.

Ukuziphatha umyalo German kwaba elingenalo nobukhulu. Amasosha bazibonakalisa njengoba isixuku esingaka namaqaba futhi izigangi owachitha amasonto amahle kakhulu futhi makhulu kunawo wonke omuzi futhi wazama ukushaya up esibalweni esiphezulu samasayithi. Futhi ephuma emzini, bathi misela Imperial Ibhuloho.

Memory celebration

Kusukela ngo-1945 e Vienna minyaka yonke ngo-April 13 igubha uSuku wenkululeko kubahlaseli German. Kolunye emigwaqweni Vienna wasungula Liberation Museum.

Ngosuku lapho umuzi belahla isitha, 24 Salvo kwezibhamu ezingamakhulu amathathu banikwa eMoscow. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula umklomelo omusha abahlanganyeli zalezi zenzakalo - ". Ukuze yokukhululwa Vienna" ngendondo

Namuhla, ngaphezu Museum, lezi izimpi abanolaka okusikhumbuza lesikhumbuzo ukuze amasosha liyakhubeka Schwarzenbergplatz square, eyabekwa e okufanayo ngo-1945 ekuqaleni ukubuyiselwa edolobheni futhi lonke leli zwe. Wenziwe ngendlela emi kahle fighter. Kwesinye isandla leli sosha egcina banner, enye zaba isihlangu ngesimo elingenamikhono izingalo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Eminye imininingwane amakhosi yesimanje ababethi umbala ophuzi.

Ukuze ukunqoba, amayunithi 50 empi zihlukaniswa ngokwabo empini eVienna, saqanjwa zokuhlonipha ka "Vienna".