Ukujula iNeva Petersburg. Incazelo emfuleni, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Neva - omunye wemifula ophakeme kunabo, abakhulu ebanzi Russia. Umlando walo osuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Uyini ukujula lomfula? Neva uPetru has a kwezinye izindawo ukujula ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile ichibi futhi ushintshe ububanzi. Ngakho-ke Neva - the engazinzile kakhulu emhlabeni lomfula. Ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa iyehla iyenyuka enjalo simelane nomoya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Umlando emfuleni

I lomfula iNeva ukujula eshintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuhamba umlando kwesigubhu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-delta lomfula ekhulwini le-19 kwadingeka iziteshi 48 neziteshi esakha lesi siqhingi 101. Ekhulwini lama-20 kwaba khona ukuncishiswa njengoba amadamu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona isiqhingi 41 kuphela. Endulo kusayithi iNeva has a angenasawoti yokubhukuda kanye ivaliwe Ancylus Lake. Futhi eduze komfula Tosna.

Neva ukujula waqala ukuthatha Umumo obhekwe ichibi. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi intuthuko ongumlando. Ladoga amanzi wafika eGulf of Finland. Khona-ke, eminyakeni engaba ngu-4.500 edlule, kwakheka iNeva. Pond zibalwa phakathi kwezihlahla abasha. I uhlaka lokugcina emfuleni wathatha iminyaka 2,500 kuphela edlule.

On kwaba umgwaqo amaViking amaGreki. Neva ezishiwo Life ka-Aleksandru saseNevsky. umhlaba Coastal lomfula ngokuvamile washintsha abanikazi. Ngekhulu le-18, ichibi isibe eyayiyingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Ngo-1912, Neva (Peter) ukujula, manje okuyinto sifinyelela phezulu 24 metres, lalilincane kakhulu. Futhi eminyakeni engu-50 kuphela kamuva saqala ukwanda e namagugu abo. Ikakhulukazi emthonjeni komzimba namanzi.

Incazelo kwesigubhu

Neva Ubude - amakhilomitha 74, zazo amakhilomitha 32 ensimini Petersburg. Ububanzi isilinganiso ichibi -. 200 kuya 400 m A eziphawuleka kakhulu ingxenye ifinyelela 1250 amamitha. Le ngxenye emfuleni iNeva itholakala emasangweni, ku-delta. Ububanzi encane -. 210 m, emthonjeni we Ivanovsky ohamba uba nezimpophoma ezincane Cape yuletide.

Uyini iNeva ukujula? It kuyahlukahluka, kuye endaweni lapho ingxenye kwesigubhu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi Ivanovsky Rapids emfuleni ifinyelela amamitha amane ukujula, kuyilapho Foundry Ibhuloho - ngamamitha amabili nane. Amabhange iNeva iya ekujuleni ilungelo, kodwa abawona etulu. Ngenxa yalesi amanzi nezitsha kungavela eduze ogwini futhi idenge lenkangala elimile afabana.

Area iNeva - 281 000 amakhilomitha square. On insimu kwesigubhu has 50,000 emachibini 60,000 imifula nge ubude obuyizinkulungwane 160 amakhilomitha. Neva evela Shlisselburgskaya izindebe. Khona-ke, emfuleni, ukufinyelela eGulf of Finland, yakha i-delta ezinkulu. Ngomlomo uMfula iNeva kuyinto Petersburg. Ngenxa edolobheni emfuleni, kokuba sebuningini iziteshi, ngokuthi "Venice Yezilwandle North".

ezindawo

Neva - emfuleni kuphela uvela Lake Ladoga. I delta okubanzi - endaweni ye-port. Lokhu value uhlala indlela eya endaweni lapho ukuqeda Ivanovo Rapids. Futhi, lapho k. Aminyene agelezela iNeva. Indawo encane ke - ekuqaleni we Ivanovsky Rapids. Kukhona ububanzi emfuleni amamitha 210 kuphela. I bottleneck yesibili phakathi amabhuloho kanye Palace uLieutenant Schmidt. Kukhona ububanzi iNeva amamitha 340 kuphela. Uma singenisa Imibandela, isilinganiso - kusukela ayi-400 kuya kwangu-600.

I iNeva Petersburg ukujula iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi silinganiso - kusuka 8-11 ngamamitha. Iphuzu ejulile - 24 amamitha. Futhi izinga aphansi - amamitha amane. Ukuphakama coast - 5 kuya ku 6 metres, futhi emlonyeni - ka 2 kuya ku-3 amamitha. amabhishi ephansi, kusale ngobumnene ngaphansi kwamanzi, e emfuleni iNeva nhlobo.

Pools nemingenela

Le ndawo ezizungeze umfula mayelana 5000 amakhilomitha square. Kodwa lokhu ngaphandle kuhlanganise ukubaluleka Ladoga futhi Onega amachibi. Uma uthatha ukubaluleka nabo, endaweni iNeva River 281.000 amakhilomitha square. The main nemingenela kwesokudla - Black River futhi Okhta. Ohlangothini lwesobunxele:

• Slavyanka;
• Murzinka;
• Tosna;
• Izhora;
• Iziqeshana.

amabhuloho

On iNeva cishe yonke amabhuloho - ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Lesi senzo eyenziwa ebusuku, ngoba ukudlula imikhumbi emanzini. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange nantathu iNeva drawbridges, eziyishumi zazo enyuka nsuku zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso ethize. Ngo-2004, amabhuloho kuqala bese kuphela fixed ivulekile. Wayelethwa okuthiwa Big Obukhov. ubude bayo - 2824 amamitha.

Neva yesimanje

Ngo-2004, it kwavula kwebhuloho elisha eziwela uMfula iNeva phezu Ring Road. Ngo-2007 kwaqalwa ku "iwele" izindawo nokuthuma. Futhi ngoJanuwari walo nyaka kuso Lalivulwe traffic. I iNeva ukujula enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi amamitha amabili nane. Futhi ayikho indawo kwesigubhu akuyona Shoals ezinkulu. Ngezinye Neve esungulwe ezokuthutha amanzi umgibeli. Ngokuvamile phezu echibini ukubhukuda izikebhe izivakashi.

Kuze kube manje, omunye yezinjongo eziyinhloko emfuleni amanzi Petersburg namadlelo ayo. Lezi izidingo iNeva eshiya amanzi mayelana 95 amaphesenti. Yena kusetshenzwe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi ezinhlanu imisele yamanzi edolobheni.

Ukudoba iNeva

Ngezinye Neve wezokudoba endaweni. Gulf of Finland uyaqhubeka zidala aphele. Futhi phezulu iNeva wabanjwa kahle salmon. Abadobi abakhethiwe Kutuzov Embankment. Kuleli qophelo, ungakwazi ukubamba Arctic Isakare, umbokwane, trout futhi chub. Simelele uLieutenant Schmidt Embankment wabanjwa:

• Sturgeon;
• isifula trout ;
• Grayling;
• salmon;
• Pike;
• bream;
• burbot;
• Som.

Futhi izindawo esidumile endaweni Abadobi uPetru noPawulu Fortress kanye Pirogovskaya yashayisa unqenqema. Ngezinye izikhathi, babamba inhlanzi enkulu kakhulu. Pike wahlwithelwa 15 kg, futhi perches - 8 kg.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kusukela 1895-1910 biennium. ice ku uMfula iNeva wakhonza njengephayona isikebhe ebusika ukuthi ixhunyiwe Vasilevsky Isiqhingi nezinye izifunda Petersburg. Futhi ngo-1936, umfula yayithathe ngumuntu kwagcizelela ibhuloho ukhonkolo. Wayelethwa okuthiwa Volodarsky.

Ukuze iNeva isici hhayi kuphela White Nights, kodwa futhi nezikhukhula. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa Petersburg idolobha Ugcwalise sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi isijeziso sika Nkulunkulu retribution. Futhi emibhalweni yaminyaka lisitshela ukuthi amanzi akhuphuka 25 izinyawo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuze kutholakale imbangela imihlola ezinjalo. Ukwakhiwa emiseleni ukuvumela amanzi ukuya mapayipi.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-ka emfuleni iNeva ukujula kushintsha njalo. Izinga amanzi ngesikhathi lancipha. inhlabathi igodi elasetshenziselwa izisekelo izakhiwo. Ngo 1777, Neva sandile kakhulu, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwakhiwa mapayipi. Kodwa lezi ziteshi ngokuthi ezingeni amanzi alithintwa kakhulu futhi ensimbi imithambo ezokuthutha main.

Kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ososayensi bakwazi kutholakale imbangela yokushona yizikhukhula. Kwavela ukuthi kwamagagasi aphakeme khona oLwandle iBaltic awela iNeva futhi aphakamise ezingeni layo kwamamitha amabili nesigamu. Futhi lapho umoya wenze kuze kube ngamamitha amane. Ngakho-ke iNeva ukujula kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Ukuvikela Petersburg kusukela izikhukhula ezadala umonakalo ngo-1979 waqala kwakhiwa leli damu.

Kwaba Kronstadt, futhi ixhunywe Umkhawulo wama-Gulf. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwakha ngokushesha ngesikhathi buhlangene. imali enganele. Futhi ekuqaleni edamini kokuba igcwaliswe kuphela 2006 wafakwa ukusebenza ngo-2011 Manje, ngisho nalapho iNeva ikhuphukela ezibucayi amamitha amane, Saint-Petersburg idolobha isalokhu Ukuvikelwa. Idamu yakhelwe ukukhulisa izinga lamanzi kuze kube ngamamitha amahlanu.