Uhlanga Nordic

Kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi imfundiso kaZiqu-division of abantu ku izinhlanga ukuthi yawenza by izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Izingxoxo ngale ndaba namuhla ngokuyinhloko kubhekwe njengento hhayi kwesayensi, kodwa yamaSoviet, Ngakho-ke, akudingeki Umbuso ngokwesayensi.

Ngokukhuthaza izimangalo ukuphakama uhlanga oluthile, okubizwa ngokuthi "Nordic" idinga ekuhlola lafanele kanye nabantu bezinye izinhlanga. Imibono yamaKhomanisi, okuthiwa "Northern theory" noma "nordism" (norditsizm) kwakuvamile 1800. kanye 1900s zakuqala eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika, futhi liye laba nethonya enkulu zamaNazi. ukunakwa Ikakhulukazi eqinile kuso athuthukiswe 1920, lapho igama elithi 'uhlanga Nordic "lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ne elithi" uhlanga zama-Aryan. "

Lokhu amafilosofi, beka uhlanga Nordic njengoba inkosi uhlanga ngaphakathi emikhulu, zaseCaucasia, ngabo-1930, it usebhekene eziningi ukugxekwa e-UK, US nakwamanye amazwe eziphambili.

Ukudla kwamaNazi eJalimane lobuNazi nasemakamu lo mqeqeshi yamaSoviet, Genriha Gimmlera, Richard Walter Oskar Darre, ithuthukiswe nomqondo abantukazana isiJalimane, okwakubekelwa lichazwa ngokuthi "uhlanga Nordic", okuyinto babengenalo maqondana Aryan, Indo-European noma German. Igama elithi "aria" (Aryans) lasetshenziswa ukuze ubheke izizwe nge emathafeni Iranian.

Ngakho ke, ngekusho kwalemibhalo ukubukwa yamaSoviet, ukuphila zonke izinhlobo ngemisindo yawo eminingi ehlukahlukene ukubonakaliswa, liwumkhiqizo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo etshiyeneyo, owawuthi baseYurophu zihlukaniswe ezintathu "idwala" noma izigaba zobuhlanga - enyakatho, Alpine futhi iMedithera.

uhlanga Nordic, ezivamile eNyakatho Yurophu, emelela esisodwa sezigaba ezintathu (izinhlanga encane noma izinhlobo ngokomzimba) ayingxenye emncintiswaneni European, yehlukile abanye futhi kubonisa ukuhlukahluka ngaphakathi izici zayo eziningi ahlukile ngokwabo. abameleli balo bahlala ikakhulu (kodwa hhayi kuphela) Northern Europe, kuhlanganise labantu okhuluma isiJalimane, ebonakala dolichocephaly (umumo side ikhanda), isikhumba eyanelisako, cheekbones okusezingeni eliphezulu, iqonde noma izinwele kancane mihlobiso ezimhlophe, okuyinto etholakala ngokukhula ngeminyaka kungaba brown ukukhanya noma konsundu. Banamehlo elikhanyayo: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, grey, green. Nordic stereotypical uhlobo ukubukeka akuyona ukuwa ngempela ngaphansi incazelo "Aryan okumsulwa" lapho mass enkulu izinwele ezimnyama, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaNazi amaphosta inkulumo-ze ayeveza "Aryans" njengoba blonde.

Abasekeli "Northern theory" wagomela ngokuthi "Nordics" emlandweni impucuko womuntu esesikhundleni evelele endulo, ngisho emncintiswaneni Mediterranean, wayebhekisela yokuthi ezinye bamaRoma babenezinwele ezimhloshana.

uhlanga Nordic esikhundleni salokho ihlukaniswe sub-amaqembu amabili - ephakathi neuropathy (Atlantic, subtypes neo-iDanube). Ngaphansi iqembu emaphakathi ehloselwe ezintathu uhlobo anthropological: borrebyu, uBruno, zaseScandinavia. Okokuqala okubili zinezikhathi izici zakudala lusukela izinhlobo Upper Paleolithic: ubude, umzimba omkhulu, ikhanda enkulu, ubuso ezibanzi. Lokhu - inzalo abantu bokuqala abake bakha enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu.

iqembu zaseScandinavia itholakala izinhlobo ezimbili: Hallstatt futhi Celtic isitayela eBritish Isles naseNetherlands. Umsolwa uvele ngaphambi enyakatho-ntshonalanga Yurophu phakathi seSimbi ne Celtic namasiko zamaJalimane. Ezindaweni eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, eDenmark futhi enyakatho yeJalimane, izinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlanga enyakatho atehlukaniseki, njengoba kuvamile phakathi enyakatho baseYurophu abahlala e-United States.

Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ezahlukene subrasovye ngezigaba khona ibanga sasivumela emincane. labantu lonelubanjiswano, Hallstatt uhlobo zaseScandinavia, lingatholakala in mpumalanga Norway nemaphakathi Sweden - endaweni ukuthi umuntu oyisazi waseMelika odumile Carleton Stevens Coon ngokuthi "indawo classic uhlanga Nordic." Encwadini yakhe ethi "Izinhlanga Europe" (1939) uthi le uhlanga yesimanje zaseScandinavia - inhlanganisela zakudala ezimbili Mediterranean anthropological izinhlobo (Uhlobo Culture impi izimbazo futhi iDanube uhlobo). Nokho, ngesisekelo izifundo DNA, lobu buhlobo wayebhekwa njengoba ayilungile. Babonisa isixhumanisi eduze kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseScandinavia futhi Upper Paleolithic - ezingaphezu kuka nanoma yimuphi iMedithera.

Ekuqaleni, welithi "uhlanga Nordic" (enyakatho) laqanjwa le oyisazi French Joseph Deniker owadala Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlanga ngo-1900. Ukusetshenziswa Its senzelwe ukuchaza "umphakathi yobuhlanga" (ethnos).

Ngekhulu xxi phakathi izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu nezesayenzi akha bevumelana lokuthi izinhlanga "oluhlanzekile" cha, futhi asikaze sibe khona. Ukuvela labantu zofuzo okwengeziwe libukelwa phansi imfundiso yokuziphendukela emkhakheni baseYurophu icaciswe amaqembu zobuhlanga.

Kodwa noma kunjalo, iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi ukungaqiniseki linqoba mayelana nezigaba okuyiyona northerners zinezikhathi ezicini ezinhle zomzimba ezithile, kanye izimpahla ekhethekile indlela yokuziphatha emphakathini, okungase lizwakalise ngokuthi "uhlamvu Nordic". Lena - ukuzimela, ukuphikelela, isinyathelo, amandla, ukusebenza kanzima, ngomuzwa ojulile ubulungiswa.