Ubani kuyinto anarchist nalokho afuna?

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba inkathi ukuthuthukiswa nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene nabantu, esichaza isifiso yokucabanga amalungu temphakatsi kute kwentiwe ncono ubudlelwano nomphakathi. Ngokusho kwezazi kakhulu, abaculi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi townsfolk abavamile, esintwini uphele efile impucuko, ekhishwa elimelela othile elula, futhi othile - cishe kungenakwenzeka.

ongqondongqondo Iningi labo lalilisha ngazwilinye ngokuthi uhlobano phakathi amalungu omphakathi, ngokuyinhloko kokucindezelwa futhi impahla izithakazelo, okuholela ukonakala kuye lonke uhlanga lwesintu. Okusithiyayo ezinye izingxenye sabantu kuyokwenzeka uma nje isimo ukhona, futhi lo msebenzi akunakugwenywa nemibandela ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali, - ezazisemizini ubumbano Social Democrats kanye Marxists.

Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka zithandwa imibono nakuba kakhulu futhi ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaye wabiza ukuqedwa iyimpande yesono - amandla ngokwawo, uboniswe komphakathi nomphakathi.

Igama elithi "nezinxushunxushu" inikeza umqondo jikelele ongudokotela anarchist. Isiqalo esithi "en" ngolimi lwesiGreki okuhambelana Russian "cha" noma "cha" futhi "arhie" kusho amandla. Unjalo umuntu ophika kwakheka amakhulu eminyaka isakhiwo phezulu ukuphathwa umphakathi, emelela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mbhoshongo phezu wobushiqela okuyinto le nkosi, autocrat, engumashiqela umgabadeli noma umongameli wentando yeningi.

On umbuzo ongudokotela anarchist, abantu abaningi owakhulela nenkathi yamaSoviet, ngokuqinisekile uphendule: "Ngakho-ke Papandopulo" Umuntu nje nempela owayeke wacabanga mayelana Nestor Makhno, ogama okuqoshwe ngekhono okwangempela sezenhlalo is, sasingekho kancane caricature. Incazelo lokhu noma ukuchema kuzo kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela nezinxushunxushu kanye nentuthuko yomuntu ubuntu elula.

Isigcawu ezivamile ezazivela eSoviet ifilimu zomlando, indaba ngezenzakalo kulwiwa: Anarchist black flag nge kwesiqubulo esithi "Anarchy - unina ukuze!", Waving ngenhla isixuku ematfuba. Kukhona kwamaBolshevik commissar abanamandla, ukukuziba lokho usongo, ngemva kwenkulumo emfushane uwina ukunqoba indlela yami yokucabanga. Ubani kuyinto anarchist, a lamaKhomanisi ozwayo ithatha uhlangothi lwakhe? Ngokuvamile ivimbekile, abazi lutho mayelana nenqubomgomo ongumlimi, udidekile futhi kamnandi izithembiso ezinhle. Ngemva KwamaBolshevik ovule amehlo akhe, masinyane uya iRed Army.

Ukuze zonke ukufana kwamazwi umgomo esethwe ku "Manifesto Communist" futhi uboniswe Ukubhujiswa kokugcina umbuso, Marxists wagomela ukuthi kubangelwa inguquko sezenhlalo nokwakhiwa okwalandela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucindezelwa apharathasi uzofa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqiniswa. Lena umehluko oyinhloko Russian Marxists egameni Trotsky futhi Ulyanov (Lenin) kusukela bakunintsev, kropotkintsev noma Tolstoyans.

Njengezilwane eziningi ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile, anarchism lahlukaniswa laba Amathrendi eziningana. Iningi lazo banesimo sengqondo esingaqondile kuya umnotho emakethe, kodwa okunye ngalolu daba unombono ohlukile. Umbuzo ngubani anarchist individualist futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani kusukela anarchist-syndicalist noma anarchist-lamakhomanisi, umbandela eyinhloko isimo sengqondo yangasese.

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje emazweni amaningi post-Soviet ngokuvamile indzima yembuso kukhawulwe lokuqoqa izintela nokuvikela izimfuno okuthiwa izigwili elibusayo. Ukungabikho noma ukusweleka okwedlulele iziqinisekiso yezenhlalakahle, dabukisa yokuphepha, ukungakwazi futhi zokungazimiseli iziphathimandla ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga kubangele izingxenye labantu mabi ophikayo usizo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, khona-ke umuntu, khona-ke elinye izwe ezimele kwakhiwa umfelandawonye ka izidlamlilo. abasunguli balo bayasazi amathemba ongaphakeme wezombusazwe owawuholwa i ukunyakaza kwabo, kodwa inani elithile abasekeli sezinxushunxushu njalo. Njengomthetho, zihlobene nezinxushunxushu njengoba yayenza ngokungacabangi, kodwa iphupho elihle.