TPP: emagama akuyona efanele

Mhlawumbe ngamunye wethu ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa wayizwa inkulumo ethi: Kostroma GRES, GRES Zaporizhia, Konakovo GRES futhi eziningi nezinye nemizana amagama (ngisho emazweni wonke), kanye GRES izincwadi. Ukuchazwa lezincwadi (nema), olukhombisa uhlobo oluthile mazwi: State amandla wesifunda esiteshini (GRES). amandla kagesi esiteshini emhlabeni wokuqala ngqa, okuthiwa "Amandla Transmission", elakhiwa ngo-Iphandle eMoscow ngo 1912 - 1914 iminyaka. Inkulumo yakhe yayinesihloko phrojekthi futhi beqondisa ukwakhiwa unjiniyela Russian R.E.Klasson. Sokuphehla amandla umsebenzele uphethiloli wendawo - Peat. Futhi yayithwala 15 MW. Linikeza ugesi ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zombuso okhulayo eMoscow futhi ezindaweni ezakhelene.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, igama elithi TPP okulotshiweyo elahlekile "wesifunda", futhi kowezi-2000 kanye "isimo" ingxenye, ngoba enamandla ezishisayo izitshalo amandla ungazange wakhonza ndawo, futhi sonke isifunda zokuphatha kanye ngisho lonke ilizwe ezimele. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe lonke elase-Estonia nokuhlinzeka ugesi kuwo isitshalo ezimbili ezinamandla - Pribaltijskaya (1.654 GW) nase-Estonia - 1.6 GW. Kokunye GRES Lithuania (Lithuania - 1.8 GW) futhi inikeza ingxenye enkulu yezwe ngakho idinga bakagesi abazimele. I Russian Federation aye wasebenza abangaphezu kuka-250 ezishisayo amandla izitshalo (ikakhulu amandla kagesi futhi ezishisayo amandla esiteshini), cishe bonke of them ezakhiwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet. "State" kwegama elithi isibe ezimweni eziningi, ngasese noma umuntu onamasheya.

Namuhla, i-GRES eside, sokuqonda okuyinto cishe engenamsebenzi, njengoba iye esivezwe phambilini, igama elithi "District State" esikhundleni avame ukuthi ngaleli gama elithi incazelo obusebenzayo "ukufingqa." Okungukuthi - "ushintsha uba yileli isitshalo" (yalolucwaningo). Igama elithi TPP okulotshiweyo okuyinto ilahlekelwe nencazelo yalo, isetshenziswa inertia ngengqondo noma umkhuba.

Ezinye zalezi izitshalo - amandla kagesi, noma, ngokunembile, yalolucwaningo zihlanganisa Serov futhi eYekaterinburg esifundeni (emzini Serov) kanye Ryazan (esifundeni Ryazan kwegama elifanayo, edolobhaneni Novomichurinsk).

Serov GRES wasungula ngo-1954 futhi sinesikhundla ingqikithi 538 MW. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisa isetshenziswa oda yayo umthamo ezishisayo in inani 220 Gcal / h. Amandla Sos'va etholakala eduze komfula kuyiphi kuthatha namanzi umsebenzi wabo. Okokhelekayo esetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili: core - kwamalahle Kazakhstan (Ekibastuzsky carbon pool) kanye Russian Igesi yemvelo (njengoba uphethiloli alondoloziwe).

Ngo-2010, sanquma uthuthukise ngesikhathi Serov GRES - ukwakha entsha amandla umthamo 419,5 MW. Le yunithi uzobe kuhlanganiswe umjikelezo, umenzi - inkampani "Siemens" (Germany). Ngenxa elihlangene umjikelezo iyunithi kahle ubuchwepheshe bayovuka 58% noma ngaphezulu. Qala ingxenye entsha kuhlelelwe 2014.

Ryazan GRES - ezishisayo ushintsha uba yileli amandla plant design nomthamo 3600 MW. Omunye izitshalo ngobukhulu namandla e-USSR. Igama layo akuyona edolobheni eliseduze, futhi phakathi nendawo yesifunda. Amandla esiteshini ngesikhathi laseSoviet 2 650 MW kanti for amalahle wanika 180 Gcal / h. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, amayunithi ezine 300 MW kanti ezintathu 800 MW kwahlanganiswa wokwakha. amayunithi ezine 300 MW kanti amabili 800 MW lakhiwa. I-fuel esetshenziswa - amalahle eMoscow namafutha nophethiloli. Akhe amabili noshimula emhlabeni kuhlanganise ultrahigh amashubhu (yokuphakama kwabo - 320 m). Kamuva wanezela kuya fuel igesi yemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, esiteshini zokusebenza uye ethuthukisiwe (ukukhwezwa igesi ophephela unit ne-generator kagesi), futhi umthamo wayo lakhuphuka lafika ku-3200 MW.