Swan-yisimungulu: incazelo, indawo yokuhlala nesithombe

Namuhla i-hero ye-athikili yethu izoba ngummeleli omkhulu futhi ohloniphekile we-squad-squid. I-snow-white handsome ihlaba umxhwele ngomusa wakhe nento.

Indawo yokuhlala

I-swan-mute ingenye yezinyoni ezinkulu eRussia. Isisindo salo sifinyelela ku-14 kg. Uthanda amachibi amancane ngamanzi amakhulu asezindaweni zasemanzini - i-cattails, umhlanga wechibi, umoba, u-sedge. Amaqiniso okwakhiwa kwawo emgodini waseCheboksary , amachibi aseZavolzhskie aqoshiwe. Isatshalaliswa kusukela eningizimu yeScandinavia naseYurophu Ephakathi kuya esigodini sase-Ussuri, eningizimu e-Asia Minor, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran. Ebusika, liya emanzini aseCaspian naseMedithera. Abantu abahlala eningizimu abashayi ebusika. Lezi zinhlobo zibhaliswe emazweni angamashumi ayisikhombisa.

Swan-yisimungulu: incazelo

Inyoni enkulu ingowomndeni wamadada. I-swan-mute (inqola ye-goose) ivikelwe emazweni amaningi. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni ngokwesilinganiso ngamamentimitha ayikhulu namashumi ayisithupha (kufaka phakathi entanyeni), i-wing span ifinyelela ngamamitha amabili namashumi amane amasentimitha. I-plumage i-snow-white, entanyeni nasenhloko kukhona ukugqoka okukhanyayo okukhanyayo. Abantu abadala banomlomo obomvu obomvu, umklamo, i-velvety cone ngaphansi komlomo. Imilenze yenziwe ngombala omnyama.

I-swan-yisimungulu encane ine-grey ephuzi elikhanyayo ne-hue elibomvu. Umlomo wakhe ugolide -lilac. Umbala we- plumage ushintsha cishe eminyakeni emithathu. Lezi zinyoni zinezintambo ezinamandla ngaphezu kwamanye ama-swans amhlophe. Esigodini bayabamba ngesimo sencwadi "S", baphakamise ngokuphumelelayo amaphiko abo kanye nokwesabeka kwakhe (ngakho igama liyahamba). Ngokungafani nabangane basenyakatho, abakwazi ukukhala ngecilongo elikhulu.

Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla

I-swan-mute ikhetha ukwakha umbhangqwana, lapho ehlala khona njalo. Izinyoni zezidleke emachibi angaphezulu. Njengoba ephethe echibini elincane, lo mbhangqwana awuvumeli ezinye izinyoni ukuba zingene endaweni yayo. Izinambuzane zenziwe emibhedeni yomhlanga. Zibonisa isakhiwo esikhulu semithi, imifino notshani. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwezinyoni kusetshenziswa umhlanga wonyaka odlule, okunye okunye okunye okutshalayo okutshalwe kuwo. Isiphetho sesidleke sinezinhlayiya zayo ezansi futhi ezithambile.

Ukwakhiwa kwekhaya lakhe kuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku-swan swan. Inyoni enamandla idla ngani? Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zizithelo, izingxenye eziluhlaza kanye nezimpande zezitshalo ezikhulayo echibini nasogwini lwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziyi-mollusks, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu. Ngesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sehlobo, izinyoni ziya e-steppe ukuze zidle okusanhlamvu.

Isikhathi somshado

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-miter idala umbhangqwana wokuphila. Esikhathini sokubeletha, esiqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izinyoni ziyazamazama, ezingakatholi umlingani wazo. Efuna ukunqoba inhliziyo yekhethiweyo, owesilisa uyadonsa nxazonke, ephakamisa amaphiko ayo, ephikisayo ikhanda layo kusukela kolunye uhlangothi. Uma lona wesifazane esabela ekuthandaneni, uthatha isimo esifanayo. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlala, lo mbhangqwana uhlala endaweni engaba ngu-100 hectare. Ngemuva kokwakha isidleke, i-swans mate. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka emanzini.

Ukuzala, inzalo

Ukuvuthwa kocansi kwezinyoni kufinyelela eminyakeni emithathu kuya emine. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda angu-4-6 ombala omhlophe noma obala ophuzi. Isikhathi sokugxubha sinezinsuku ezingu-35-38. Insikazi ibuyisela inzalo. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi abalindi intombi yakhe, ehlala eseduze. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlanzi eyisimungulu inezimfanelo ezinhle zobaba. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo aye alotshwe abacwaningi abaningi. Uma owesifazane edinga ukushiya isidleke okwesikhashana ukuze athole ukudla, indawo yakhe ithathwa yindoda. Akesabi noma yiziphi izidumbu. Ngephupho elilodwa lephiko lakhe elinamandla, uyakwazi ukubulala isikhukhukazi, ukuphula isandla somuntu.

Izinkukhu ezivelayo zilinganiselwa ku-200 amagremu. Zihlanganiswe nge-grey fluff ejulile, engasomile, ilungele ukushiya isidleke. Nokho, ekuqaleni bahamba nomama wabo yonke indawo, behlezi kahle emhlane. Kusukela emahoreni okuqala okuphila amantombazane azondla ngokwabo, kuphela ebusuku abuyele esidlekeni ngaphansi kwephiko lomama ukufudumala. Le nzalo inakekelwa ngabazali bobabili.

Ezinyangeni ezine (ngezinye izikhathi kancane kancane) izinkukhu ziqala ukuphuma. Kusukela kulo mzuzu bahlangene emhlambini wezinsizwa ezinkulu. Ezimweni zemvelo, inhlanzi eyisimungulu ihlala iminyaka engu-25-28.

Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, i-swan eyimungulu inonya kakhulu. Uvikela isikhukhula sakhe ngokukhululekile, ngokungahambisani nantathu ukuxosha ezinye izinyoni kanye nama-broods "echibini" lakhe.

Ebusika

Ukuya ebusika, lezi zilwane zihlangana ezinkulungwaneni zezimvu, ngokuvamile ezihlanganisa amaqembu omndeni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo okukhulu.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola ukudla ngenxa yemvula noma imimoya, ama-swans alala phansi, afihle imilenze yawo kanye nenkungu emanzini afudumele, kanti izimo zezulu kulindeleke amahora kule ndawo.

Ukuphila epakethe

Izihlahla zihlala kakhulu. Bahlala ngokuthula kubafowabo nakwezinye izinyoni. Ukulwa kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, kuphela lapho kunesidingo ukuvikela indawo yabo. Abaphikisi baphikisana ngokuqinile ngemilomo namaphiko.

I-swan-mute: Incwadi Ebomvu

Naphezu kokuthi okwamanje isimo sezilwane asibangeli ukwesaba, inyoni enhle idinga ukuvikelwa. Kumele ivikeleke kubalimi, qaphela isikhathi sokuthula emanzini ngoMeyi-June. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlobo zezinkukhu eziyisimungulu. I-Red Book yaseRussia, iTatarstan, iBelarus, isifunda saseSaratov inamagama alo muntu omuhle.

Okuqukethwe ekuthunjweni

Lezi zinyoni ezimhlophe zeqhwa zigcinwe ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside. Ngokulondolozwa okufanele, i-swan-mute ayitholi ngalokhu nhlobo futhi ayilwela inkululeko. Ivumelanisa kalula ezimweni ezintsha, ngokushesha idala iphazili ngisho nokukhetha okuncane, iveza ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ama-swans ukuze uthole okuqukethwe, kubalulekile ukufeza izimo eziningi ezidingekayo:

- ukuhlela echibini ngamanzi ahlanzekile;

- ukuhlinzekela ukugcinwa kwasebusika kwezinyoni.

I-reservoir ingaba yimuphi usayizi, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusiza ukunakekelwa kwezinyoni. Uma kukhona, khona-ke ingxenye yenkinga ixazululwa. Ebusika, ingafaka i-compressor namapayipi ngokupompa umoya namanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kudalwe, echibini alishisi ngisho naseqabeni elikhulu.

Abanye benza ngendlela ehlukile - badlulisa izinyoni kusukela echibini elikhulu kuya ekamelweni lasebusika. Kuncike ekutheni kuyoba nedamu lokubhukuda lapho ungashintsha khona njalo amanzi, nokuhlanza okuncane ukuhamba ngethala elomile, izinyoni zizozizwa zikhululekile.

Kodwa-ke, indlela enobumnandi kakhulu yokugcina ubusika ukudlulisela ama-swans ekukhuleni okukhulu emanzini, okuyinto inezo zonke izimo zokugcinwa kwezinyoni zasebusika ngesiqinisekiso sokulondolozwa kwazo.

Inombolo

Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, kunabantu abangu-500 000 balezi zilwane ezweni, okungaba ngu-350 000 abahlala eRussia. Ingxenye enkulu ihlala e-delta ye-Volga. Ama-broods angaba ngu-30 000 ahlala e-UK, kwamanye amazwe izinyoni ezinjalo zincane kakhulu. Ukuzingela lezi zinyoni kwavinjelwa ngo-1960, ngemva kwalokho izinombolo zazo zanda kakhulu.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Izinkukhu-izinhlanzi - izinyoni zihle kakhulu, zikhumbula kahle. Bakhumbula kalula lowo owabacasula, futhi ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa bangabuyisela kuye. Abantu banonya kuphela ngenkathi bebeletha, bevikela ama-clutch noma amatshwele. Ama-spines anokubona okuhle kakhulu nokuzwa. Izinyoni zixhumana ngolimi oluthakazelisayo, olunezinombolo eziningi zomzimba nezindo. Umzimba we-swan enkulu uhlanganisa amaphiko angaphezu kwama-23. Abantu abahlala ekuthunjweni ngokuvamile bafinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu.