Ukuphila Siqu kanye biography Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Izimpumelelo kanye kokusungulwa Tsiolkovskii

Biography of Tsiolkovsky Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela ngokuya impumelelo, nakuba lokhu usosayensi omkhulu kwaba okuningi. kwabaningi Tsiolkovsky waziwa ngokuthi umqambi wokuqala imodeli rocket, wakwazi ukuthatha indiza emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngusosayensi ngungqaphambili emkhakheni aeroastronavtiki, ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya futhi yamabhanoyi. Lokhu usosayensi isikhala odumo emhlabeni. Biography of Tsiolkovsky isibonelo sokuphikelela. Ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lokhu akusho ukuthi benqaba uqhubeke umsebenzi ngokwesayensi.

Umsuka, ebuntwaneni

Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich (iminyaka yokuphila - 1857-1935) wazalwa ngo 09/17/1857 e Ryazan, edolobhaneni Izhevsk. Nokho, lokho akwenza nesizathu lapha isikhathi eside. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, e Ignatievitch Edward, uyise usosayensi, ubunzima enkonzweni uqalise. Ngenxa yalokhu, umndeni Tsiolkovsky wathuthela e 1860 e Ryazan.

Umama wahlanganyela kumiswa kokuqala uConstantine nabafowabo. Kwaba esona bamfundisa ukufunda nokubhala, kanye sokumazi izisekelo izibalo. "Tales" Aleksandra afanaseva - incwadi lapho wafunda ukuzifundela Tsiolkovsky. Unina afundise indodana yakhe zamagama kuphela nokuthi ukwakha amagama izinhlamvu, Kostya ukuyichaza ngokwakhe.

Lapho eseneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, wabona umkhuhlane ngemva ledding scarlet fever. Lesi sifo kwetintfo, okuholele ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Izithulu uConstantine akazange yithemba, musa baphelelwe uthando lokuphila. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho eqala ukuba ahileleke ubuciko. Tsiolkovsky wayethanda ukwenzela iphepha ahlukahlukene izibalo.

Edward Ignatievich e 1868 futhi baphelelwe umsebenzi. Lo mkhaya uthuthela Vyatka. Lapha, abafowethu babesizana Edward ukuthola umsebenzi omusha.

Imfundo kule sokuzivocavoca, ngokufa komfowabo nonina

Constantine, kanye Ignatius, umfowabo omncane, kwaholela esifundweni e owesilisa Vyatka sokuzivocavoca ngo-1869. Ngobukhulu ubunzima, wanikwa ukuqeqeshwa - Kwakukhona izihloko eziningi, nothisha babenesandla esiqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yona kanye ubuthulu kuvimbe umfana. Ngawo lowo nyaka wabona kokufa komfowabo Dmitry abadala uConstantine. Yena lanyakazisa wonke umndeni, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke - unina, uMaria Ivanovna (esithombeni sakhe ebhalwe ngenhla), okuyinto kakhulu othanda amathambo. Ngo-1870, yena ngokuzuma.

ukushona kukamama kwashaqisa umfana. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho kwakuyiKiriyati hhayi ulwazi oluningi Ziolkowski waqala ukufunda sibi kakhulu. Waba babazi uzizwe ubuthulu babo, ngoba lapho kwaqala eziqhelile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Tsiolkovsky ngokuvamile bajeziswe ngenxa Antics akhe aziwe, behlakaniphe ku ezipholile. UConstantine waba unyaka wesibili e-grade yesibili. Khona-ke, isigaba sesithathu (ngo-1873), waxoshwa. Okuningi Tsiolkovsky ndawo futhi angazange alufunde. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wasebenza ngokuzimela.

self-imfundo

Kulapho Tsiolkovsky wathola ukubizwa kweqiniso. Le nsizwa yaqala ukuthola imfundo bebodwa. Izincwadi, ngokungafani uthisha lolimi, ngesandla esivulekile yahlukanisa Tsiolkovsky ulwazi futhi ungalokothi wagxeka. Khona-ke, Constantine, bajoyine lokusungula zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe. Tsiolkovsky wadala lathe ekhaya, kanye nabanye abaningana ezisunguliwe ezithakazelisayo.

Ukuphila eMoscow

Edward Ignatievich zokukholelwa ikhono indodana yakhe, wanquma ukuba umthume eMoscow, ngakho wabhalisa eSikoleni of Engineering (manje MSTU. Bauman). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-July 1873. Kodwa Kostya esikoleni futhi ungenzanga ngesizathu esingaziwa. Waqhubeka Tutor eMoscow. Tsiolkovsky wahlala kakhulu kabi, kodwa belwela ulwazi. Wachitha ku imishini kanye izincwadi zithunyelwa uyise imali ukulondolozwa.

Le nsizwa yahamba nsuku Chertkovsky emtapweni wezincwadi womphakathi, lapho afundela khona isayensi. Lapha ehlangana Nikolaem Fedorovichem Fedorovym, umsunguli cosmism Russian. Lo muntu esikhundleni uConstantine oprofesa baseyunivesithi.

Tsiolkovsky unyaka wokuqala wokuphila e Moscow, wafunda physics kanye mathematics ekuqaleni. Zazilandelwa ebalulekile futhi umehluko calculus, izibalo zama-engela eyindilinga futhi kohlaziyo, algebra ephakeme. Kamuva, Constantine wafunda Mechanics, amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, kanye isayensi yezinkanyezi. Iminyaka 3 Ngoba yingcweti uhlelo lolimi esikoleni, kanye nengxenye eyinhloko eyunivesithi. Ubaba ngalesisikhathi akakwazanga ukuhlinzeka ukuphila Tsiolkovsky eMoscow. UConstantine wabuyela ekhaya ekwindla ka-1876 siyingcuba futhi buthaka.

izifundo yangasese

Umsebenzi onzima futhi izimo ezinzima kwaholela Ukuwohloka umbono. Ziolkowski waqala izibuko ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Ukubuyisela amandla, waqala akunika izifundo ngasese mathematics ne-physics. Ngemva kwesikhathi, wa- ayisadingeki abafundi, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuba umfundisi omkhulu. Tsiolkovsky Kusetshenziswe izindlela akhiwa kuye ku ukuziphatha izifundo, phakathi okuyinto Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko ukuboniswa ezibukwayo. Tsiolkovsky ngenxa izifundo geometry wenza onobuhle of polyhedrons ezenziwe iphepha, aphethwe kanye abafundi ucwaningo kwi-physics. Lokhu amenza idumela uthisha, echaza ngokucacile into. Abafundi walithanda Tsiolkovsky amakilasi lapho kwaba njalo ezithakazelisayo.

Ukufa umfowabo, nokuhlolwa eliphumelelayo

Ignatius, ungumfowabo omncane Constantine, wafa ekupheleni 1876. Abazalwane ayeseduze kakhulu kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngakho ukufa kwakhe kwaba buhlungu kakhulu uConstantine. umndeni Ziolkowski ngo-1878 wabuyela Ryazan.

UConstantine ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwakhe lidlule lapho ngihlolwa, imiphumela okuyinto ngenxa yokungezwa wakhululwa ebusosheni. Ukuze uqhubeke usebenza njengoba uthisha, zidinga ukuqinisekiswa ziqu. Futhi Tsiolkovsky ixazululwe le nkinga - ekwindla ka-1879 kwathi lapho umuntu edlula ukuhlolwa njengenhlangano umfundi zangaphandle sokuzivocavoca lokuqala yesifundazwe. Manje ngokusemthethweni baba uthisha wezibalo Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

ukuphila Siqu

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ehlobo lika-1880 indodakazi yomnikazi egumbini ayephila kuso. Futhi ngo-January 1881, wafa Eduard Ignatievich.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky izingane: indodakazi namadodana amathathu Love - Ignatius, Aleksandru Ivan.

Sebenza Borovsk wesifunda esikoleni, amaphepha kuqala yesayensi

Tsiolkovsky wasebenza Borovsk uthisha esikoleni wesifunda, ngokulinganisa ngokuqhubeka ukufunda usekhaya. Wenza imidwebo, wasebenza phezu imibhalo, bazama. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yabhalwa ku Mechanics eziphilayo. Tsiolkovsky ngo 1881 wadala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukuthi kubhekwe yesayensi ngempela. Sikhuluma le "inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela gases". Kodwa wabe esezwa kusukela DI Mendeleev ukuthi kokutholakala lo mbono senzeka eminyakeni 10 edlule. Tsiolkovsky, naphezu sithiyo, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe.

Ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo ibhaluni

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko, okuyinto matasa kwakhe isikhathi eside, kwaba inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Balloons. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile Tsiolkovsky waqaphela ukuthi le nkinga oluthile ukuba banake. Usosayensi athuthukile design yakhe we ibhaluni. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umsebenzi Tsiolkovsky "Imfundiso kanye nakho ibhaluni ..." (1885-86 GG.). Kulesi umsebenzi ke walungisiswa ukudalwa umklamo indiza ngokuyinhloko entsha kokuba igobolondo metal elincanyana.

Indlu umlilo Tsiolkovsky

Biography of Tsiolkovsky imakwe kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zangalolo Apreli 23, 1887 Ngalolusuku, ebuya eMoscow ngemva kokusungulwa wakhe umbiko. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umlilo iphutha endlini Tsiolkovsky. Washa onobuhle, imibhalo yesandla, umtapo, imidwebo kanye zonke impahla yomndeni, ngaphandle umshini wokuthunga (ke eba- egcekeni ngefasitela). Kwaba buhlungu kanzima kakhulu Tsiolkovsky. Waveza imizwa nemicabango yakhe embhalweni wesandla enesihloko esithi "Umthandazo."

Dlulisela ku Kaluga, imisebenzi emisha kanye nezifundo

DS Unkovsky, umqondisi izikole aphansi, 27 Januwari 1892 ezihlongozwayo ukuze uthumele esikoleni zika Kaluga omunye "ngenkuthalo" futhi "umthamo" othisha. Lapha Tsiolkovsky ahlala khona waze washona. Kusukela 1892 wasebenza Kaluga uthisha esikoleni sase-geometry futhi izibalo. Kusukela 1899, usosayensi futhi wanika izifundo eziphathelene ne-physics e Diocesan School labesifazane. Tsiolkovsky wabhala e Kaluga imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela jet ngamandla, Aerospace, isikhala biology nemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqhubeka nomsebenzi ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela dirigible metallic Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Izithombe abekwe ngezansi - umfanekiso lesikhumbuzo ukuze kwenziwe usosayensi endaweni eMoscow.

Ngo-1921, ngemuva kokuphela yokufundisa, wanikwa esaphila impesheni siqu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe Tsiolkovsky biography imakwe ngokucwiliswa kulolu cwaningo, ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi, ukusakazwa imibono yabo. Ukufundisa akuseyona umshado.

isikhathi Iningi nzima

I Tsiolkovsky olusindayo babe neminyaka yokuqala engu-15 yekhulu lama-20. Ignatius, indodana yakhe, wazibulala ngo-1902. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1908, indlu yakhe phakathi uzamcolo eMfuleni Oka enezikhukhula. Ngenxa yalokhu, sase akhishwe umshini nemibukiso eminingi, walahlekelwa izibalo eziningi eziyingqayizivele.

umlilo kuqala, bese izikhukhula ... Kubonakala sengathi Tsiolkovsky hhayi ezwana nama izakhi. By the way, khumbula ngomlilo ngo 2001, eyaqala emkhunjini Russian. Umkhumbi yalo ivuthe umlilo, ngomhla ka-July 13 kulo nyaka - "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," umkhumbi. Ngenhlanhla, kuyilapho kungekho muntu wabulawa, kodwa umkhumbi ngokwawo yabhidlika kabana. Ngaphakathi, yonke into zishiswe njengesijeziso umlilo ngo-1887, lapho ngasinda Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Umlando wakhe ephawulwe nobunzima ukuthi ngabe ngobugebengu abaningi, kodwa hhayi ucheogo abadumile. Futhi ukuphila kwakhe emva kwesikhashana kwaba lula. Russian abathandi mirovedeniya Juni 5, 1919 umphakathi usosayensi wenza likhala lakhe + futhi wammisa impesheni. Lokhu kwasindisa Tsiolkovsky endlaleni ngesikhathi ukuphazamiseka, njengoba Socialist Academy-June 30, 1919 bengalamukeli amyisa ezinhlwini zabo futhi ngokwenza kanjalo wabashiyela ngaphandle ngamakhaya. Ukubaluleka amamodeli ethulwa Tsiolkovsky abasazisi e Physico-Chemical Society. Ngo-1923, u-Alexander, indodana yakhe yesibili, wathatha ukuphila kwakhe.

Ukuhlonishwa kwezikhundla zobuholi party

iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ukukhunjuzwa Tsiolkovsky kuphela ngo-1923, ngemva wenza H. Oberth oyisazi isiJalimane, ukushicilelwa izinjini rocket ukuya emkhathini. Njengoba ihlala futhi isebenza izimo Tsiolkovsky ke kwashintsha kakhulu. Party ubuholi be-USSR wahosha ukunakwa okunjalo ososayensi abaqavile njengoba Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Umlando wakhe uye eside bekulokhu eziningi impumelelo, kodwa hhayi banesithakazelo ezinamandla kuleli zwe aye isikhathi esithile. Futhi ngo-1923, usosayensi waqokwa impesheni siqu, uma izimo ngomsebenzi elithelayo. A Novemba 9, 1921 waqala ukukhokha nempesheni ngenxa yosizo lwakhe ukuba isayensi. Tsiolkovsky wathola lezi zimali uSepthemba 19, 1935 Ngalolusuku washona ngo Kaluga, elaba ikhaya lakhe, Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

impumelelo

Tsiolkovsky ezihlongozwayo eziningi imibono ukuthi bathole isicelo e rocket. Lokhu igesi okuyiqondisa yokulawula ukundiza rocket; ukusetshenziswa propellants lwaluyophola udonga lwangaphandle umkhumbi phakathi ukungena mkhathi ku emkhathini kanye nabanye. Emkhakheni rocket zokubasa, lapha wazibonakalisa Ziolkowski. Kuphenywa sebuningini zokubasa ezahlukene kanye oxidants, Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise isisi fuel:-mpilo ne-hydrocarbon noma i-hydrogen Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. okusungulile akhe ahlanganisa turbomachine isikimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye eyanyatheliswa ngo-1927 isikimu futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela isitimela emoyeni isiguqo. Okokuqala ezihlongozwayo chassis, beya phansi emzimbeni, kwaba Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Lokho wasungula, manje uyazi. Indiza futhi ukuya emkhathini - izinkinga main ukuthi usosayensi uye wanikela konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Ngo Kaluga, emnyuziyamu yomlando ka Astronautics okuthiwa ngemva kwalokhu usosayensi, lapho ungafunda okuningi, kuhlanganise nososayensi ezinjalo, njengoba Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Izithombe isakhiwo Museum uvezwa ngenhla. Ekuphetheni, Ngithanda ucaphune ibinzana. Umbhali wayo - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Quotes kuye abaningi abawazi, futhi lokhu, mhlawumbe, niyazi. "Iplanethi has a iwumthombo ingqondo, kodwa umuntu akakwazi ukuphila phakade ePharadesi imbeleko," - wathi omunye Tsiolkovsky. Namuhla lesi sitatimende itholakala emnyango kwepaki kubo. Tsiolkovsky (Kaluga), lapho ungcwatshwe nososayensi.