Izakhiwo Chemical we ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi. Ukusetshenziswa ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi. Izakhiwo zanoma ane-alikhali emhlabeni kwensimbi

Cabanga izakhiwo amakhemikhali ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi. Chaza izici isakhiwo sabo, ethola, ngokuba nemvelo, isicelo.

Isimo e-SS

Ukuchaza isiqalo indawo lezi zinto e- ishadi lesikhathi salezi Mendeleev. Basuke ise iqembu subgroups main lesibili. Lezi zihlanganisa i-calcium, i-strontium Radium, barium yombala, magnesium, beryllium. Bonke bangabangasokile kwi yangaphandle amandla ezingeni iqukethe ama-electron ezimbili Valence. Nakubukwa jikelele, beryllium, magnesium futhi ane-alikhali emhlabeni insimbi kukhona ngaphandle electron ns2. Zamakhemikhali njengoba abonise isimo namachibi +2. Phakathi nokuxhumana nezinye izinto, bona umbukiso ekunciphiseni izakhiwo, enika ama-electron kusukela sangaphandle amandla ezingeni.

Ukushintsha izakhiwo

Njengoba kwanda core beryllium athomu, magnesium ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi ukuthuthukisa metallic yabo izakhiwo, njengoba kukhona ukwanda engaba ngama-athomu yabo. Cabanga Izakhiwo zanoma insimbi ane-alikhali-umhlaba. Beryllium kuyinto esimweni esejwayelekile kuyinto metal ngensimbi grey ayebuthaka. It has a obukhulu olunezinhlangothi crystal ngehele. Zihlangana nomoya-mpilo, beryllium ngokushesha ukwakha ifilimu oxide, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe reactivity yayo, kwakhiwa matt enamathela.

izakhiwo

Magnesium uyinto elula kuyinto metal white obumba enamathela oxide emoyeni. It has a olunezinhlangothi crystal ngehele.

izakhiwo ezingokwenyama ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi calcium, barium yombala, Sesithombe efanayo. Zimelela izinsimbi ejwayelekile nge sheen silvery, ukumboza ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya-mpilo ifilimu aphuzi. Ngezinye calcium Sesithombe ubuso igxile ngehele cubic, barium yombala has a isakhiwo umzimba ofiphele.

Chemistry ane-alikhali emhlabeni metal esekelwe iqiniso lokuthi babe bemvelo metallic buhlobo. Yingakho zinezikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity kagesi nokushisa. Amazinga we ukuncibilika ukubila amaphuzu obukhulu kunobukaJohane insimbi alikhali.

Izindlela ukulungiswa

ukukhiqizwa Beryllium ngezinga ezimbonini Kwenziwa wokwehla fluoride metal. Isimo ukugeleza ukusabela kumakhemikhali preheating.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ngokwemvelo le ane-alikhali emhlabeni insimbi kukhona ngesimo compounds ngoba magnesium, i-strontium calcium ukuziphatha electrolysis ka Udambisa nosawoti yabo.

chemical izakhiwo

izakhiwo Chemical we ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi abahlangene isidingo ukususa ngaphambi ezindaweni zawo i-nitrous ifilimu ungqimba. Ithola inertia lezi zinsimbi emanzini. I-calcium, barium yombala, Sesithombe, lapho ziyoncibilika ngamanzi ukwakha hydroxides kokuba liphinyiselwe izakhiwo eziyisisekelo.

izakhiwo Chemical we ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi lokucabanga ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nomoya-mpilo. Ukuze umkhiqizo ukusabela barium yombala peroxide okungukuthi, zonke ezinye oxides kwakhiwa emva ukuphendula. Zonke amalungu alesi sigaba ka oxides abonise izakhiwo eziyisisekelo, kuphela beryllium oxide amphoteric izakhiwo isici.

izakhiwo Chemical we ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi ziboniswa futhi ukusabela isibabule, Halogen, i-nitrogen. Lapho ukuphendula nge nokonakala acid salezi zici siyenzeka. Njengoba sazi ukuthi beryllium iphathelene izakhi amphoteric, uyakwazi amakhemikhali ukuxubana alkalis.

ukusabela qualitative

amafomula eziyisisekelo ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi, abukwe Yiqiniso yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali wezinto elihlobene ne nosawoti. Ukuhlonza amalungu alesi sigaba lihambisana namanye izakhi, ungasebenzisa ukuzimisela qualitative. Lapho usebenzisa i-ane-alikhali emhlabeni usawoti zensimbi utshwala isibani ilangabi, staining ilangabi waphawula cations. seka Sesithombe inika luhlaza amnyama abomvu, seka calcium - orange futhi oluhlaza ithoni barium yombala seka.

Ukukhomba barium yombala seka elisetshenziswa qualitative ukuhlaziywa sulfate anions. Ngenxa yalokho okunjena emhlophe barium yombala sulfate okuyinto zingaxazululeki acid yezimbiwa.

Radium liyisici enemisebe equkethe ngokwemvelo imali ezincane. Lapho zisabela magnesium nge-oksijini, kukhona okhazimulayo. Le nqubo isetshenziswa isikhathi esithile ukuthatha izithombe ezindaweni ezimnyama. Manje esikhundleni flash magnesium wafika phansi isimiso sikagesi. Umndeni ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi libhekisela beryllium, okuyinto wasithukuthelela amakhemikhali amaningi. Calcium ne-magnesium aluminium efanayo, ungalulama izinsimbi ezingavamile njenge-titanium, tungsten molybdenum futhi niobium. Lezi zinqubo for izinsimbi ukuthola okubhekiselwe kaltsietermiey futhi magnietermiey.

Izici isicelo

Kuyini ukusetshenziswa ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi? Calcium ne-magnesium asetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza ukukhanya Alloys nezinsimbi ezingavamile.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-magnesium kuqukethwe ukubunjwa duralumin, ne-calcium - isakhi phambili Alloys esetshenziswa ukulungiselela emigodleni ikhebula nokudala amabombo. Kabanzi ukusebenzisa ane-alikhali emhlabeni zensimbi art ngesimo oxides. lime Slaked (calcium oxide) kanye wokushiswa magnesium (magnesium oxide) ayadingeka emkhakheni wezokwakha.

Ekusabeleni-calcium oxide ngamanzi ikhishwe amanani abalulekile ukushisa. lime Slaked (calcium hydroxide) isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Ukumiswa emhlophe efana (nobisi lime) isetshenziswa embonini noshukela inqubo ukuhlanzwa beetroot juice.

Zikasawoti ngezinto neqembu lesibili

nosawoti-magnesium, i beryllium, ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi zingase okulungiselelwe ukuphendula acid we oxides abafanele. Chloride, fluorides, iodides izakhi idatha asemhlophe crystalline compounds, ngokuvamile kahle oncibilikayo emanzini. Phakathi sulfate babe solubility kuphela magnesium beryllium kwakwakhe. Sithobele kwaba nokwehla okusuka kwabangu beryllium nosawoti ku-barium yombala sulphate. Carbonates cishe zingaxazululeki emanzini noma ube solubility omncane.

Sulfides zomhlaba izakhi ane-alikhali eziqukethwe nengcosana e izinsimbi ezisindayo. Uma uthumela ukuba ukukhanya, ungathola ezihlukahlukene imibala. Sulfides zifakwe izingoma luminescent, ngokuthi phosphors. Sebenzisa lezi zinguquko imibala ukwakha dials elikhanyayo, izimpawu zomgwaqo.

compounds Elivamile ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi

Calcium carbonate iyona element eziningi kakhulu komhlaba. Kuyingxenye yingxube njenge-limestone, imifekethiso, wokulinganisa. Phakathi kwabo, ukusetshenziswa eyinhloko kungukuhlasela namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Lokhu amaminerali lubaluleke ekwakheni, kubhekwa enhle kakhulu itshe isakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zezakhi abakhona quicklime wezinto ezingaphili futhi slaked lime, ingilazi kanye usimende.

Ukusetshenziswa limestone amatshe kunomthelela endleleni, kodwa ngenxa powder kunganciphisa asidi kwenhlabathi. wokulinganisa Yemvelo kuyinto igobolondo izilwane endala. Le ngxube isetshenziswa womshini iraba, iphepha, ukudala amakhrayoni esikoleni.

Marble angafuna abaklami Okugweda. Wenziwe zemabula zadalwa imisebenzi eminingi eziyingqayizivele Michelangelo. Ingxenye iziteshi umasipala eMoscow uphahlwe tile amhlophe amaningi. Magnesium carbonate isetshenziswa inqwaba enkulu ekwakhekeni ngezitini, usimende, ingilazi. It edingekayo umkhakha Metallurgical yokususa udoti idwala.

calcium sulfate equkethwe ngokwemvelo ngesimo Gypsum (calcium sulphate crystalline) isetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha. Kwezokwelapha, kwakwakhe isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa isikhunta, futhi ukukhiqiza Gypsum amabhandeshi.

Stucco (Gypsum hemihydrate) ukusabela ngamanzi okhulula oluningi kakhulu ukushisa. It is libuye lisetshenziswe umkhakha.

Epsom usawoti (magnesium sulfate), kusetshenziswa imithi njengoba laxative. Le into has a ukunambitheka okumunyu, butholakala emanzini asolwandle.

"Barite iphalishi" (barium yombala sulfate) akuyona oncibilikayo emanzini. Yingakho lo sawoti isetshenziswa Radiology. Salt ophethe X-ray ezingaba ukubona izifo yaleli pheshana emathunjini.

Ukwakheka idwala phosphate (rock) ne-calcium-phosphate kuyinto apatite. Badinga ukukhiqiza calcium compounds: oxides, hydroxides.

Calcium adlalele eziphilayo kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ophilayo. Kuyinto lokhu metal kubalulekile ekwakheni ithambo skeleton. Calcium ion ziyadingeka shintsho kwenhliziyo, umfutho ekunqandeni. Ukungabi okuphilayo ngalo kungayibangela ukungasebenzi isimiso sezinzwa, ukulahlekelwa coagulation, ukulahlekelwa ikhono ngesandla ngokuvamile sihlale ezihlukahlukene izinto.

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga zezempilo, nsuku zonke kufanele kudle mayelana 1.5 amagremu calcium. Inkinga eyinhloko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi emzimbeni ukuncela 0,06 amagremu-calcium kufanele adle 1 igremu fat. Inani eliphelele metal eziqukethwe ulethisi, i-parsley, cottage shizi, ushizi.

isiphetho

Zonke abamele iqembu etafuleni ngezikhathi ezithile iqeqebana main kudingeka impilo kanye nomsebenzi yomuntu yesimanje yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, i-magnesium kuyinto stimulator ka izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni. Kufanele kube khona sezinzwa izicubu, igazi, amathambo, isibindi. Magnesium kuyinto umhlanganyeli asebenzayo futhi photosynthesis, njengoba kuyingxenye chlorophyll. amathambo Human amayelana eyodwa nanhlanu isisindo ingqikithi. Lokho aqukethe calcium ne-magnesium. Oxides, ane-alikhali emhlabeni zensimbi bathole izicelo ahlukahlukene embonini yezokwakha, pharmaceutics nemithi.