Isotopes - kungcono tinhlobo letehlukene izakhi zamakhemikhali ukubunjwa nucleus

inkumbulo Human kusekelwe ukuxhumana associative futhi okunengqondo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ahlele ngokoqobo, ukusabalalisa izingxenye zalo esitokisini futhi uthole uhlelo. Kungenjalo, inkumbulo benqaba ukulalela, futhi ingqondo - ukuhlaziya. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane e umlando yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali i ukufohla ezibalulekile ekwakheni ishadi lesikhathi - oda, uhlelo kanye logic inqobe. Ithonya lalokhu ukutholakala sasisikhulu kangangokuba ke abaningi ugqozi. Ngokwesibonelo, Lyubishchev ubuhlakani ukuphathwa isikhathi isiRashiya, iye yasungula uhlelo ayo ukuze udale ithebula gqwa yezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu umgomo awuzange kufinyelelwa, kodwa iqiniso uyakufakazela ukubaluleka logic sokuqonda indoda. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi acebile amaphethini amahle. Ngokwesibonelo, e-main etafuleni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ezinye izakhi awahlelanga ngesisindo. Kungani? Ungaphendula ngegama elilodwa - "isotopes". Leli gama lisho "ukuba ithathe indawo eyodwa."

Sebenza kanzima, ungakhumbuli zonke

ithebula Periodic - isithelo umsebenzi onzima yososayensi abaningi, futhi kumdlali hhayi kuphela. Yena Ngokuhlakanipha wadala isimiso futhi wathola imithetho eyisisekelo. Kodwa isisindo sibalo oyisebenzisayo ngaphansi element ngayinye - isithelo sebuningini bamakhemikhali, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ke alikhombisi okufanele. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? ukunakwa Mhlawumbe uke ikhokhwe ukuthi idijithi kanambambili - inamba enhle. Kodwa isisindo - ingxenyenamba ngenombolo enkulu yezindawo zedesimali. Kungani? A isotopes we iphutha elifanayo. Lokhu kungachazwa impela nje. Uma ubheka izibalo for "nitrogen" isici, eduze le-athomu mass izinombolo ozibona 14,0067. Nokho, uma 'ukubamba "mahhala nitrogen athomu, kungase nesisindo futhi 10, futhi 25 amayunithi athomu. Zihluke. Futhi yini umehluko? Usizo ngokwengqikithi mass siqukethe nenqwaba i-proton ne -neutron mass. IMisa proton - value njalo, okungukuthi kwenza isici isici (nitrogen - nitrogen). Kodwa kuyi-athomu ye-neutron kungaba ukuthi bacebile noma bampofu. Kusibonelo nitrogen kungase kube 18, no-3 kuphela izicucu. Isotopes - athomu isici izinhlobo kusekelwe inani neutrons nucleus. Sithole nitrogen 16 isotopes. Amanye amaphuzu ancikene icala nokuningi.

Yini ososayensi ukuyenza?

Ukube bekunguwe ososayensi, ungenzani? Indlela ukubhala array ku itafula sokubalwa? Omunye angase Yiqiniso, thatha izibalo kusho. Kodwa isotopes eziningi - lena izinto eziguquguqukayo, ezinye zazo - eyayenziwe wadala. Ngakho-ke, kungaba yiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi ukuba afeze izibalo ngokugxila imininingwane enganembile. Ososayensi baye sayenza ngendlela ehlukile - bona kubalwa silingane mass athomu element yokudlanga engokwemvelo i IKhompyuthaYami. Ngenxa yalokho, ematfuba ukuthi i search ngokungenasizathu wena siyishaye ku IKhompyuthaYami 14 mass amayunithi, kuphezulu kakhulu. I-nucleus ye-IKhompyuthaYami, wathola ngephutha, cishe, sizoqukatha 7 proton futhi 7 neutrons.

Izizathu ukungafani

Kungani mass-athomu akuyona olunembile ngokuphelele? Ngenxa isiphetho sakhe siphezu inductively - kusuka kokuyimfihlo kuya jikelele. Asazi ukwakheka ngqo Zomhlaba ngaphansi uqweqwe, asizange uhlole ngokocwaningo ngisho nje lonke kobuso Earth. Ngakho-ke, inani mass-athomu - okungenzeka. Kusekelwe ngokwazi ukuthi abantu banesifiso esifanayo nanamuhla. Kungani ososayensi evumelana? Ngoba lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu kuyadingeka kuphela physics yamangqamuzana, kuhlaziywa isibalo iphutha ezincane zingabangela indiva. Kodwa kokunikezwa kwe-inqubo ngesisindo obyanyaetsya e ukuthi izakhiwo amakhemikhali inombolo ebalulekile izinhlayiya icala - proton. Futhi ngenani proton kanye izakhi ahlelwe chungechunge.