Sodium hypochlorite: izakhiwo, ukukhiqizwa, isicelo

Waya esitolo ukuthenga bleach izingubo. On emashalofini kukhona amabhodlela anemibala ehlukene nosayizi, kodwa isandla ngokomzwelo wemvelo kuthatha isitsha "mhlophe" - mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu phakathi emizi bleach. Bese endleleni eya cashier ufuna ukufunda ingoma yakhe. "Amanzi ke-se ... Futhi iyini hypochlorite sodium?" - ukuthi esezingeni umcabango lobu futhi sazithela phezu igama angajwayelekile. Esihlokweni lanamuhla Ngizokwenza anelise ilukuluku lakho.

definition

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl ifomula) kuyinto kwakwakhe wezinto ezingaphili, ama-sodium usawoti hypochlorous acid. Futhi, kusengathiwa "labarrakovoy / zhavelevoy amanzi," noma nje "sodium hypochlorite".

izakhiwo

Le ngxube ine ifomu engazinzile we kungekho nto enemibala emihle crystalline ikhemikhali kalula ukubola ngisho emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Kule nqubo, umoya-mpilo yakhululwa, futhi uma izimo ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ⁷⁰ ° C, ukusabela kuhambisana ukuqhuma. Ziyoncibilika emanzini, sodium hypochlorite - kuyinto oxidant enamandla kakhulu. Ate nalokho ngokungeza hydrochloric acid, bese amanzi kwakheka, i-sodium chloride kanye negesi chlorine. Futhi ekusabeleni-carbon dioxide necebo chilled efana okuxoxwa manje etholwe alulaze hypochlorous acid.

Ulungiselela Sodium hypochlorite

Le ngxube etholwe ngesikhathi yokusabela chlorine igesi ne-sodium hydroxide buhlanjululwe ngamanzi. Ukuze le ngxube uyashiywa sodium chloride, kwathiwa ^selehlile 0 ° C, bese-ke ewela njengoba kodaka. Uma okunye ukugcina isixazululo sodium hypochlorite ngaphansi kwezimo lokushisa ongaphakeme (-40 ° ^C) bese acacisa at ^-5 ° C, bese inqubo uqeda kumiswa pentahydrate sodium hypochlorite. A net salokhu usawoti crystalline kuyadingeka ukuze dehydrate e cleaner ebukhoneni sulfuric acid. Nokho, kule nqubo, i-sodium hydroxide esikhundleni yayo carbonate ngempumelelo. Khona-ke imikhiqizo ukuphendula ngeke nje isixazululo we oyifunayo izidakamizwa futhi sodium chloride, kodwa futhi i-hydrogen kwensimbi efanayo. izidakamizwa Okuxoxiswana manje etholwe ukusabela calcium hypochlorite ne sodium carbonate. Ngalezi zindlela ukuthi likhiqizwa egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Kodwa kule amasu zezimboni ngokukhiqiza sodium hypochlorite ehluke ngokuphelele. Kukhona-ke kuveza ngezindlela ezimbili: amakhemikhali - nge chlorination hydroxide ziyoncibilika emanzini kwalesi sakhi - futhi electrochemical - ngenxa electrolysis i isixazululo aqueous of sodium chloride. Ngayinye yalezi izinqubo has nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye ayo, kodwa ucwaningo kabanzi ku sikhungo.

isicelo

Le into iyisici esibalulekile kule mboni. Lokhu rasskazatat kulula ngosizo etafuleni:

isiphetho

Ngenhla sikunikeze kuphela ezindaweni eziyinhloko lapho sodium hypochlorite isetshenziswa. It ithatha 91% of the ukukhiqizwa lezi zakhi emakethe emhlabeni. Ngaphandle yalolu ketshezi ayiphelele kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi. Kodwa sodium hypochlorite ngenxa ubuthi bayo kudinga handling niqaphelisise.