Isifo sofuba samaphaphu: amafomu, ukuxilongwa, izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Isifo sofuba sisifo esiyingozi, esivame ukudideka nomkhuhlane we-typhoid. Lesi sifo sithinta izinhlelo ezahlukene zezitho zangaphakathi, ziqala ngesibindi futhi ziphela ngamaphaphu. Leli fomu lesifo sofuba litholakala enani elincane labantu.

Incazelo yesifo

Isifo sofuba samaphaphu sinesimo esibi lesi sifo, esibonakala ukuvela kwezilonda ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinhlanganweni eziningana. Hlanganisa isigaba esibucayi nesiguli se-pathology. Lokhu okulandelayo kubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu. Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile liqala ngokumelene nesimo sokutheleleka kwegazi nge-microorganisms ye-pathogenic. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, singena ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, sibathinte. Ngokumelene nesimo sokutheleleka okukhulu, amagobolondo obuchopho abathinteka kakhulu.

I-agent enkulu ye-causative yalesi sifo yi- mycobacterium isifo sofuba, esibangelwa ukubuthakathaka kwemithi yomzimba, ukungena emzimbeni ngobuningi. Ngemva kwalokho basakaza kanye nokugeleza kwegazi.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amadoda amathathu aphethwe yisifo sofuba anesisodwa esisodwa esine-diagnostic efanayo. Iningi lokukhubazeka litholakala phakathi kobulili obunamandla, obuneminyaka yobudala obuhlukahluka kusukela eminyakeni engu-20 ukuya ku-40.

Isifo sofuba sibhekwa njengesifo esinesimo sezenhlalo, njengoba ukusabalalisa kwawo phakathi kwabantu kunqunywa izimo zokuphila. Inkathazo yengozi ingenxa yokugeleza kokufuduka okusebenzayo, ukwehla kwamathuba empahla, ukunyuka kwenani labantu abangaphenduliwe emphakathini.

Izimbangela zesifo

I-agents causative ye-TB isifo se-Mycobacterium. Ingqikithi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70. Zivamile emanzini, enhlabathini, emoyeni, emzimbeni wezilwane. Kubantu, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhona ingozi ethile, okuyinto ososayensi abakwaziyo ukuhlanganisa ibe yinkimbinkimbi ye-TB yesifo sofuba. Ukusabalala kwama-bacteria e-pathogenic kwenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu: kusuka emthonjeni oyinhloko wokutheleleka, kusuka e-TB noma ewumphumela wokuhlinzwa okwenziwe esithombeni esasithintekile lesi sifo.

Leli qembu elisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo kubandakanya izingane ezingakaqotjelwa ngesikhathi esifanele, abantu abane-immunodeficiency noma abaye bathatha imishanguzo yesikhathi eside ukuze banqande ukusebenza ngokweqile kwamandla omzimba.

Iziphi izibonakaliso ezisiza ukuqaphela isifo sofuba segazi?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo aziqondile, zixhomeke endaweni yendawo yokwakha. Okulandelayo yizibonakaliso ezivamile ezijwayelekile ezigulini:

• Ubuthakathaka emzimbeni.
• Fever.
• Khulisa ekushiseni.
• Ukudakwa ngokweqile.
• Ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba.
• Izinkinga ngokuphefumula.
• I-Cyanosis yesikhumba.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku.
• Ukukhwehlela okumile.

Lesi sifo singenzeka esimweni esinzima, esingapheli noma esiyingozi. Ngamunye wabo unezici zayo siqu.

Ifomu elingapheli lenza u-wavy. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigaba sokukhushulwa sishintshwa yi-remission. Iziguli ziphendukela kudokotela usizo ngesikhalazo sokukhubazeka, ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba, ukukhathala ngokushesha. Kwezinye izimo, i-hemoptysis ikhona.

Isifo sofuba esifanele samathambo ngokuvamile senziwa ngesimo esibi, futhi izimpawu zalo ziyahlukahluka ngokuya kwendawo yokuvuvukala. Kwezinye iziguli, odokotela babika ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pulmonary phakathi nokukhuphuka kokushisa nokudakwa. Amaphaphu avame ukuthinteka phezu kwendawo yonke. Uma ukuqhuma kugcinwa kuphela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-subclavia, umbuzo we-so-called okuthiwa isifo sofuba esingumkhawulo. Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology luyinto elula, ngezinye izikhathi ukushisa okuncane kanye nokukhwehlela owomile kulungisiwe.

Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi yesifo ngenye indlela libizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis ene-tuberculous. Ibonakala ngokumanje okusheshayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto 2-3 emva kokubonakala kwezimpawu eziyinhloko, umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka . Lesi sifo sibhekwa yi-fever ephezulu kanye nezifo zengqondo. Iziguli eziningi zikhononda ngekhanda elibi. Lesi sibonakaliso singenxa yesilonda esiyinkimbinkimbi yesibindi kanye nokubandakanyeka kwezingqimba ze-cerebral kwinqubo yokugula.

Amafomu wesifo sofuba semithi

Ngokuya ngokusakazeka kwezimpawu, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe ngamafomu alandelayo:

• I-pulmonary. Ngemuva kokudakwa ngokweqile kunezibonakaliso zokuhluleka kokuphefumula.
• Isiqhwaga. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlelo zezitho zangaphakathi. Leli fomu lesifo libhekene nokubonakala komkhuhlane kanye nezibonakaliso zokudakwa ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kuvame ukudideka ngomkhuhlane we-typhoid.
• I-meningitis. Ihluke ngokuba khona kwe-foci ezithathelwanayo kuma-meninges.

Isitatimende sokuxilongwa

Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa isisindo esingenakuqapha, ukujuluka ebusuku, ukuzwa kobuthakathaka nokunciphisa ukudla, kutuswa ukuba ufune iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe onguchwepheshe, okungukuthi, isazi se-phthisiatrician noma isifo esithathelwanayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba semithi kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezilandelayo:

• Gcwalisa inani legazi.
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar.
• CT yobuchopho kanye ne-thorax.
• I-Ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi.
• I-Radiography yesifuba.
• I-Echocardiography.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, udokotela angaqinisekisa noma aphikise ukuxilongwa "kwesifo sofuba". Izimpawu ezibonisa isimo somuntu, ungavumeli ukufakazela ukutholakala kwezifo ezingu-100%. Ukuhlola okuyingxenye kuphela kuyasiza ekusunguleni ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Iyiphi imithi edingekayo?

Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kudinga umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi. Cishe cishe unyaka isiguli kufanele sithathe imithi eminingi. Ngokuvamile zibekiwe ngokuthi "Streptomycin", "Isoniazid", "Rifampicin", "Moxifloxacin". Izinhlobo ezinjalo zemithi odokotela zichaza ukuthi indlela ngayinye ngayinye inomthelela othile endleleni yokwelashwa, futhi ndawonye bonke bangakwazi ukunqoba ukugula.

Isifo sofuba se-Milliary lungenza nezinye izinqubo zokwelapha eziphoqelekile (ukuphefumula umzimba, physiotherapy, ukuthatha izidakamizwa zokuzivikela). Isiguli kufanele sihambisane nemodi efanele yomsebenzi nokuphumula, ngokucacile landela zonke izincomo zikadokotela. Kunakekelwa ikakhulukazi ekudleni. Kufanele ihlukaniswe nemikhiqizo yobisi.

Uma isiguli siphila nezingane ezincane, zivame ukutusa isikhungo sokubhedlela isikhashana samasonto 3-4.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa

Iziguli eziningi ezinalesi sifo zihlinzekwa ngokuhlinzekwa, okubandakanya ukungahambi kahle kwengxenye yamaphaphu. Ukuncoma kunconywa ngezinhlaka ze-bronchi, iziguli ezine-hemoptysis.

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kuhlanganise nemvelo ehlanganisiwe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuvame ukunconywa ukususa ingxenye yamaphaphu noma isilwane sonke, ukufakwa kwe-pneumothorax yokufakelwa, kanye nomsele wamanzi.

Isibikezelo

Ngokungangabazeki, ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba semithi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-chemotherapy kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekulwa nesifo. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sofuba, izinga lokufa kweziguli ezinezifo ezibhekene nalesi sifo salinganiselwa ku-100%. Ukwelapha okwesikhashana futhi okunemakhono namuhla kuvumela ukunciphisa lezi zikhombisi ku-10%. Ekuqaleni ukuxilongwa kwenziwa futhi ukwelashwa okufanele kuqalwe, kuphakama amathuba okuba nesifiso esihle. Iningi lamacala abulalayo nalesi sifo alotshwe emavikini ambalwa okuqala weziguli ezisezikhungo zezokwelapha. Ochwepheshe bachaza lezi zibalo ezidabukisayo ngokuqala kokuphela kokwelapha.

Amathuba okuphindaphinda angama-4% kuphela. Uma isiguli silandela yonke imiyalelo kadokotela futhi samukela ngokuqinile imithi enqunyiwe, amathuba okutheleleka kabusha ayancishiswa ngokuphawulekayo.

Izinkinga zesifo

Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke: ukwakheka kwamathola amaningi emaphashini, ukusabalalisa kwe-bronchogenic, i- pneumonia ehlushwa.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Isifo sofuba sabantu abathintekayo sivame ukutholakala ngezinye izindlela zokuxhumana (abantu abanezimali eziphansi, abafudukayo, njll). Amadoda agula kaningi kaningi futhi kaningi kakhulu kunabesifazane. Abantu abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-39 basengozini.

Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kubonisa ngokuqedwa okuphelele ukuxhumana okusheshayo nabantu abanezibonakaliso zezifo ze-pulmonary. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco okufanele futhi okunengqondo kuqiniswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzivikela. Odokotela batusa ukuqina okulinganiselwe.

Isifo sofuba singagwenywa uma ithonya lezinto ezilimaza kakhulu ukukhulelwa komzimba linciphile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-hypothermia evamile, ukungabi nokusebenza komzimba, indlala, ukusebenza ezimweni ezimbi.

Ezingxenyeni zombuso, izinyathelo ezilwa nokubhebhetheka kwengculazi kufanele zenziwe ezindaweni ezihlelelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali kumele zinikezwe kusukela kuhlajethi ukuze zilaphe iziguli ezitholakalayo. Uma kunengozi enkulu yesifo sofuba esifundeni, abantu kumele bahlolwe ngokomzimba uma befaka isicelo somsebenzi.

Isiphetho

Kulesi sihloko, sichaze ukuthi yisiphi isifo, njengesifo sofuba semindeni. Izithombe zeziguli ezixilongwa ngalokhu zingabonakala ezincwadini ezikhethekile zezokwelapha. Lesi sifo sitholwa namuhla ngokuphindaphindiwe kakhulu, futhi amacala okubulala ahleliwe kancane. Odokotela baxwayisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwesifo ngesikhathi esifanele kunganciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga, kuhlanganise nokufa.