Isikhukhula saseSiberia: incazelo, umjikelezo wokuphila kanye nokwelashwa

Kukhona abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21 abahlala eMhlabeni abanesifo sobheja lwaseSiberia. Ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu senani eliphelele le-HIV eliphila nge-post-Soviet, kuhlanganise naseRussia nase-Ukraine. Ukulimala komzimba kujwayelekile kubakhile besifunda saseSiberia kanye nesifunda seDnieper. Iyini le-parasite nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukususa kanjani "izivakashi ezingamukeleki."

Incazelo emfushane

Imithi ngokuvamile ihlukanisa izidumbu zomzimba womuntu zibe izinhlobo ezintathu. Ziyizibungu ezinamahlombe nezimbulunga, kanye nezimpukane. Umkhuhlane waseSiberia yi-subspecies ye-lanceolate fluke, okungukuthi, i-flat fluke (trematode). Igama lesiLatin lalezi zinambuzane ngu-Opisthorchis felineus no-Opisthorchis viverrini. I-parasite encane ye-hepatic ibangela isifo kubantu nasezilwaneni, i-opisthorchiasis, echaphazela amathanga esibindi, gallbladder kanye ne-pancreas.

Umshini wekati waseSiberia unomumo we-lanceolate. Ubude be-parasite abudluli 18 mm, nobubanzi - 2 mm. Emjikelezweni wokuphila, kunezimboni ezimbili eziphakathi. Umnikazi wokugcina we-trematode kungaba ngumuntu noma i-carnivore.

Umlando wokutholakala

Igama elithi "ukuqhuma kweSiberia" laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-Ephreli 1891 edolobheni laseTomsk. UProfesa Vinogradov wenza i-autopsy futhi wathola isibindi uhlobo olungaziwa lwe-flukes. Ngolunye uhlangothi, ulwazi lwavela, lesi sinyamatane sasivele sichazwe, kepha sitholakala esibindi sekati elifile. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi owenza ukuzenzekela kwakhe kwehlulekile ukunquma uhlobo lwe-trematode.

Uhlelekile kahle futhi wachaza isazi sezinambuzane u-Blanchard. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1885. Lesi sikhathi igama elithi "uketshezi lwekati" lisetshenzisiwe. Isifo esibizwa nge-opisthorchiasis.

Ukunquma ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha kwe-fluke yaseSiberia, ngokufanayo emazweni ahlukene basebenze ososayensi abaningi abadumile. Ngokwesibonelo, kuphela ubufakazi bokuthi i-opisthorchiasis ihlotshaniswa nokudla inhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile, kuthatha cishe iminyaka engu-10. Ukucabangela okuhlukahlukene kwaphinde kwenziwa mayelana nesibindi sokuqala se-parasite. U-Hans Vogel wakhiqiza ubufakazi bokuhlola bezinkukhu ze-gastropod. Usosayensi waseRussia u-Starobogatov wathola ukuthi lezi ziyi-mollusks ezivela ku-Codiella yohlobo.

Uphi ukusabalalisa kwe-opisthorchiasis?

I-fluke yaseSiberia, eyi-subspecies ye-trematodes i-Opisthorchis viverrini, ivame kakhulu eSouth-mpumalanga Asia. Idala i-opisthorchiasis kubahlali kanye nezivakashi zaseCambodia, eThailand, eLosos naseVietnam. Ngezinye izikhathi amacala alotshwe ensimini yaseYurophu naseMelika. Zonke zihlobene nokunikezwa kwezinhlanzi ezithathelwanayo.

I-fluke yaseSiberia, eyi-subspecies ye-trematodes i-Opisthorchis felineus, ivame kakhulu ensimini yamazwe ase-post-Soviet. Kubangelwa i-opisthorchiasis eRussia, e-Ukraine, e-Kazakhstan, emigodini yemifula emikhulu. Izinga eliphezulu lezibalo libhekwa emifuleni ye-Ob ne-Irtysh. Ukutheleleka ngamachibi amachiza we-Volga, i-Urals, i-Kama, iDon, i-Dnieper, i-Dvina njalonjalo.

Indlela i-pathogen eqala ngayo

Isibindi sifinyelela ukuqhuma kweSiberia, umjikelezo wokuphila okwenzeka emzimbeni wamabandla amaningi, uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa kuphela eduze kwemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile. Umjikelezo wezokuthuthukiswa emzimbeni wesibalo sokuqala esiqalayo, uqala ngamanzi ahlanzekile ama-gastropod mollusks-bitinids. Thatha lezi mollusks ku-Codiella yohlobo. Indawo ethanda kakhulu yezidalwa ezinjalo eziphilayo kuyisifungo esomile emifuleni yamanzi. I-gastropod mollusk igwinya amaqanda okhuphuka waseSiberia emanzini angcolile, lapho umcengezi we-host host uwile khona. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili emzimbeni we-mollusk i-parasite iguqulwa kusuka emaqanda kuya ku-cecaria.

I-Caulk ye-fluke iyi-larva yamahhala engenawo mahhala enomsila wokubhukuda. Ukushiya umnikazi wokuqala, izibungu zifakwe emathisini ezinhlanzi ze-carp. Lapha isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kusukela ku-cecaria kuya ku-metacecarium kwenzeka. I-larva ilahla umsila ongadingekile, futhi idala nxazonke igobolondo le-capsular elivikelayo - i-cyst. Ngaphakathi kwe-capsule, i-larva ihlala iselula. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokungena emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ze-carp, kuze kube yilapho ikhono lokuthelela abantu kanye nokudla okudliwayo kwenzeka, kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha. Kuphela esiteji se-metacycary i-parasite ingathatha izimpande emzimbeni womuntu.

Umnikazi wokugcina we-fluke uba ngumuntu noma yisiphi isilwane esidle inhlanzi enonya. Ukungena emnyangweni wokuqala wamathumbu amancane, i-metacycaria ikhiphe ama-cysts futhi ungene emanzini we-bile, isilonda nesibindi.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kanjani?

Umkhuhlane waseSiberia ufezekisa ukuvuthwa ngokocansi emzimbeni womcimbi wokugcina ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. Kusukela kulo mzuzu uqala ukubeka amaqanda, okuyinto izinhlanzi zibuyela emvelweni. Uma amaqanda awela phansi, azofa ezinsukwini ezingu-8-10. Uma emanzini, khona-ke ayohlala esebenza cishe cishe unyaka. Ekugcineni, ama-opisthores ahlala eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengu-30.

Umjikelezo olandelayo womjikelezo wokuphila we-cat's fluke uqala ngesikhathi lapho i-gastropod entsha emanzini ne-silt igubha iqanda lezinambuzane. Lo mbuthano ononya awusoze waphazamiseka ngenkathi umuntu edla inhlanzi encane eyosawoti, eyisikiwe noma eyomile emanzini amasha.

Izimpawu ze-opisthorchiasis kubantu

Ama-opisthorchias athuthuka ngokungapheli isikhathi eside. Zonke izimpawu zesifo kubantu zihlotshaniswa nomthelela owenziwe ngomshini kanye nomzimba we-fluke. Izifo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa zibangelwa imikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile we-opisthorchia. Umphumela womshini uhlotshaniswa nokulimala ezindongeni zamadada, lapho umlomo kanye namaswidi omzimba we-helminths afakwe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqoqwa kwe-trematodes kuyinkimbinkimbi yokugeleza kwebhili, okubangele ukuvuvukala.

Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-opisthorchiasis asingekho amasonto amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lingavuka, kungase kube nobuhlungu emisipha nasezihlangwini, ukuhlanza nokuhuda kuyoqala. Isiguli sizokwandisa isibindi nesipere, kuzoba khona ubuhlungu kulezi zitho.

Izimpawu zizohluka kuye ngesiteji se-opisthorchiasis. Esikhathini esicacile, ukusabela okwenziwe ukugula kunamandla. Esigabeni esingapheli - ukulimala komshini ku-duodenum nesibindi, okubangela ubuhlungu.

Izimpawu ze-opisthorchiasis emakati

Esikhathini sokuqala se-helminthiosis, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi isilwane siyagula. Njengoba lesi sifo siqala, amakati alahlekelwa isisindo, ingubo iyaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ingabonakali, izibilini ezinomuncu nesikhumba zibe yi-icteric. Kukhona nokuqothulwa noma isifo sohudo nokuhlanza. Isibeletho sekati siyakhula, ne-palpation yesibindi kukhona ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka.

Ukuhamba kweSiberia: ukwelashwa

Ukuze uqinisekise i-opisthorchiasis, hlola okuqukethwe kwezilwane nezidakamizwa zesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khetha i-endoscopy, i-x-ray noma i-ultrasound. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic, izimali zokuvamisa umsebenzi wegciwane lokugaya kanye nezidakamizwa zokuthuthukisa ingculazi. Esigabeni esiyinkimbinkimbi, isiguli singase sibekwe ukuthi sidalwe. Ukwelashwa kuyinto efiselekayo kwisilungiselelo sesipiliyoni.

Ukuvimbela i-opisthorchiasis

Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka nge-flu's Siberia, kufanele ufeze izidingo ezilula:

• Ungasebenzisi izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile kahle.
• Ungondli izilwane zasendle nezilwane zasendle izinhlanzi eziluhlaza.
• Ungangcolisi amanzi ngendwangu.

Njengoba ubona, konke kulula. Ungagcina impilo yakho uma uqaphela futhi uqaphele.