I-Cretinism i .. Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela kanye nokuxilongwa

I-Cretinism isifo sesistimu ye-endocrine, ehambisana nokuncipha komsebenzi we-gland yegciwane. Lesi yisifo esivamile, esikuyo, njengombuso, esibonakaliswa ebuntwaneni. Ngakho yiziphi izimpawu zakhe zokuqala? Yini engozini yokwephulwa kwe-hormone yegciwane? Zikhona izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelapha? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo ziyoba nesithakazelo kubafundi abaningi.

Imininingwane emfushane ngesakhiwo nemisebenzi ye-gland yegciwane

I-Cretinism isifo esihlobene nokuphulwa kwengubo ye-thyroid. Ngakho-ke, okuqala kuzoba usizo ukujwayele ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nomsebenzi walomzimba.

I-Shchitovidka ibhekisela ezigunjini zokuvimba kwangaphakathi. Liseduze ne-cartilage ye-larynx, iqukethe i-lobes engakwesokunxele nangesobunxele, kanye nesisthmus esibaxhumanisa nabo. I-hormone eziyinhloko zaleli gland yi-thyroxine ne-triiodothyronine, okukhulunywa ngalo okwenzeka kuphela uma kunesisindo esanele se-iodine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitho sikhiqiza ezinye izinto eziningana ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi i- calcitonin (i-hormone ephethe ukushintshaniswa kwe-calcium emzimbeni).

Ukusebenza kwegciwane le-thyroid kuncike ekusebenzeni kwesistimu ye-hypothalamic-pituitary ebuchosheni. I-pituitary gland ivikela i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating, eyenza i-process of synthesis ye-hormone yegciwane. Futhi kulezi zinto ze-hypothalamus zikhiqizwa ukuthi zilawule i-pituitary gland.

Ngokubamba iqhaza kwamahomoni we-gland yegciwane, kunezinqubo ezifana nalezi:

• I-metabolism, ukubola kwamafutha, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwehla kwama-molecule wamaprotheni;
• Ukwakhiwa kwamandla, okudingekayo emsebenzini womisipha kanye nesimiso sezinzwa;
• Amazinga weglucose wegazi;
• Umsebenzi wezinzwa ze-nervous and endocrine (amahomoni we-gland gland ashintshe umsebenzi wezinye izigulane ze-endocrine);
• Ukuthutha izinto ezihlukahlukene kumaseli.

Ngokumelene nesizinda sokunciphisa inani lamahomoni wegciwane, isifo okuthiwa i-hypothyroidism siqala. Futhi, lesi sifo singaholela ekuthuthukiseni kwe-cretinism, i-myxedema nokunye ukwephulwa kwesistimu ye-endocrine.

I-Hypothyroidism nezinhlobonhlobo zayo

Eqinisweni, kunezinhlelo eziningi zezigaba zalesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, izingane zihlushwa yi-cretinism, ngoba zinesi sifo sokubeletha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabuye kutholakale - ukuphakama ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezithile.

Kuye ngesibangela, izinhlobo eziningana ze-pathology ziyahlukaniswa:

• I-hypothyroidism eyinhloko, ehlobene nokuphulwa kwegciwane le-thyroid;
• Ifomu lesibili lesifo, okwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-pituitary gland engavamile;
• I-hypothyroidism ephakeme, lapho kukhona ukuphazanyiswa komthethonqubo ovamile yi-hypothalamus;
• Ukwephulwa komzwelo wamaseli okuhlosiwe (kuleso simo, ama-hormone akhiqizwa ngokwanele, kodwa amangqamuzana awanandaba nawo).

Eyaziwa kakhulu yilohlobo lwesifo, njenge-cretinism ejwayelekile-into ebonakalayo ezindaweni ezihlala ezindaweni ezingenayo iodine enganele.

I-Cretinism: Izimbangela

Ngokushesha kufanelekile ukuthi kunezici eziningi ezingabangela isifo esinjalo. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, i-cretinism ithinta izingane ezingenayo okwanele amahomoni e-thyroid. Futhi le nkinga ingaba kokubili kokuzalwa futhi kutholakale.

Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwe-hypothyroidism ezingokoqobo zihlanganisa:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Congenital noma ukungabi nesifo se-thyroid enganeni;
• Ukuqothula owesifazane okhulelwe noma ukuthatha imithi eyanciphisa umsebenzi wegundane;
• Isifo segilo kumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
• I-pathologies yama-genetic, ngenxa yalokho i-iodine eyabanjwa yizicubu ze-thyroid yaphazamiseka;
• Ukuzivikela komzimba we-gland kuya kuma-hormone e-pituitary;
• Izifo ezibangelwa yi-Congenital eziphazamisa uhlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary.

Futhi, izinhlobo ezifakiwe zesifo nazo zingavela ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene:

• Iodine enganele ekudleni owesifazane okhulelwe noma ingane;
• I-autoimmune thyroiditis;
• Izinqubo zokuvuvukala emthonjeni wegciwane;
• I-trauma noma ukuhlinzeka nge-thyroid;
• I-trauma, ukuvuvukala kanye nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa ebuchosheni, okuhambisana nokulimala ohlelweni lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary;
• I-tumor yobuchopho.

Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-cell sensitivity kumahomoni we-thyroid

Lesi simo sizalwa futhi sihlotshaniswa nezici ezithile zezakhi zofuzo, ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo se-DNA nama-chromosomes. Ngalesi sifo, ama-hormone ahlanganiswa ngezilinganiso ezivamile, kodwa ukukhomba amaseli kubo akusizwa. It inikezwa ifa kubazali futhi cishe ayinikeli ukwelashwa.

I-Cretinism ezinganeni: kuyini ingozi?

Empeleni, lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ama-hormone wegciwane ngandlela-thile elawula umsebenzi cishe cishe wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, yimiphi imiphumela yesifo?

I-Cretinism ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho, isinciphisa. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo kukhona ukuphazanyiswa ekuthuthukiseni izintambo zezinzwa, kanye nokwehla kwenani lezinkanyezi kanye nokubunjwa kwezinto ezivimbela umsebenzi wobuchopho.

Ngokwemvelo, ukuntuleka kwamahomoni e-thyroid kubangela ezinye izifo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi:

• Izinqubo zokukhula ezisheshayo;
• Ukwehlisa imisipha;
• Ukunciphisa amaprotheni namandla okusebenza;
• Ukuphulwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesiguli;
• Ukuphulwa kwe-hematopoiesis;
• Ukwehlisa isistimu yomzimba;
• Ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wesistimu ye-endocrine, ikakhulukazi izigulane ze-adrenal, gonads;
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza okujwayelekile kwezinso, isibindi, amathumbu, isisu;
• Ukungasebenzi komzimba.

Ngokwemvelo, uma izinkinga ezinjalo zenzeka ebuntwaneni, bese kungabikho ukwelashwa, kukhona ukuphazanyiswa emsebenzini cishe cishe wonke ama-organ systems.

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ezinganeni

Indlela yodwa yokuthola isifo engane usana ukuhlola igazi ngehomoni. I-Cretinism ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingu-2-3 zokuphila cishe ayibonakali. Noma kunjalo, udokotela angase aqaphele ukunciphisa ukudla, ukubhekana nokuphefumula komzimba, izinkinga zokugaya njalo, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi kanye nefontilikazi enkulu ku-skull, engadluli isikhathi eside.

Njengoba umntwana ekhula, ungabona ezinye izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Ingane kancane ithola isisindo, kodwa ibonakala igcwele, ngoba iyakwazi ukuvuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuvuvukala okunamandla kolwimi. Ubukhulu bezinhloko abuhambisani, njengoba umzimba uhlehla emuva ekuthuthukisweni. Lezi zingane, njengombuso, zinebhuloho elibanzi lemphuphu neminwe emincane, kanye nentamo emfushane neyindilinga. Ungabona futhi nezinye izifo - ingane ihlale ilele, ihluleke, ingenakuhlukaniswa. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ungabona ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.

Izimpawu ze-cretinism kuziguli ezikhulile

Uma kungekho ukwelashwa ngokweminyaka, izimpawu ziba zimbi nakakhulu. Abantu abaphethwe yi-cretinism banezici eziphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi, ubude obufushane, ukungalingani kwamalungu omzimba. Kubuye kuboniswe ukukhukhumeza okuqhubekayo, ukuxuba ngenxa yesakhiwo somzimba, i-clubfoot, ukuhamba kahle okungahambi kahle emajoyini ahlukahlukene. Kukhona futhi izici ezikhethekile zobuso, ikakhulukazi ebunzini eliphezulu, izindebe ezinkulu, ama-cheekbones abanzi, ukugxila ulimi njalo, izindlebe ezihamba phambili.

Okuwusizo zonke iziguli ezinokuhlonza okufanayo zihlukunyezwa ngokwengqondo ngezinga elithile. Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokuzwa nezokukhuluma nazo ziyabonakala, ngezinye izikhathi zibe yisimungulu esisithulu. Njengoba umsebenzi we-gonads usancishisiwe, ukungabi namandla kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanjalo abahluleki, abangenakuhlukaniswa, abangenandaba futhi behlushwa izinkinga ezithile ezingqondweni.

Izindlela zesimanje zokuxilonga

Uma usola udinga ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Uchwepheshe kuphela owaziyo ngokuthi yi-hypothyroidism, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa esikukhulumayo namuhla. Ngenxa yesinqumo sokuthola i-diagnostic ngqo, kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-endocrinologist akwanele.

Ekuqaleni, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqukethwe kwamahomoni wegciwane kanye ne-pituitary gland kwenziwa. Ngendlela, ezinye iziguli zingase zenze okuthiwa i-hypothyroidism yesikhashana, ngakho-ke ukuhlola kuhanjiswa kabusha, emva kwesikhathi. Emitholampilo eminingi, igazi lithathwe ezisanda kuzalwa ngezifundo zokuvimbela.

Ngokulandelayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ye-gland yegciwane, futhi uma kunesidingo futhi i-Doppler ne- scanning duplex. Lezi zivivinyo zikuvumela ukuthi unqume ubukhulu begundane, ukutholakala kwenyuka, izinguquko, iziphuzo ezingxenyeni ze-thyroid, kanye nesimo segazi.

Izingane ziboniswa i-radiography yamathambo, njengabantwana abanalesi sifo ukususwa kwe-skeleton kuyashesha. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli siphinde sihlolwe yilashwa noma udokotela wezingane, isazi sezinzwa zegazi, isazi sezinzwa zegazi, odokotela bezifo zengqondo - odokotela basiza ekuboneni ukuba khona kwezinkinga futhi besebenzisa kahle imithi yokwelapha.

Izindlela zokwelashwa kwesifo

Udokotela kuphela owazi ukuthi i-hypothyroidism iyini (izimpawu nokuphathwa kwesifo, izinkinga ezingenzeka - zonke lezi amaphuzu kufanele zikhulunywe nomsebenzi), futhi kuphela ongakusiza. Ngakho-ke, kungenjalo akufanele ukungazinaki iseluleko somchwepheshe.

Njengomthetho, iziguli zibekwe ukwelapha okufaka indawo - zithatha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ezigcwalisa ukuntuleka kwamahomoni we-thyroid yemvelo. Ngokuyinhloko, izidakamizwa "L-thyroxine" kubhekwa njengokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-vitamin regimens, izidakamizwa ze-nootropic (i-Cerebril, i-Piracetam, i-Nootropil), kanye nezidakamizwa zokuthuthukisa imisebenzi, ukuvikelwa nokunakekelwa kwezicubu zomzimba (i-Lipotserebrin, i-Pantogam, i- Encephabol ").

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha ukudla okufanele, okuzohlinzeka inani elanele le-iodine. Kuye ngesimo isiguli kungase kudingeke usizo lwe-neurologist noma wezifo zengqondo. Esikhathini esizayo, ingane kumele ihlale ihlolwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha futhi ihlolwe, ngokusho ukuthi udokotela uzokwazi yini ukulungisa umuthi wokwelapha.

Yiziphi izixazululo zesiguli?

I-Cretinism iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ingaholela ekukhubazekeni. Nanobe kunjalo, kaningi lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kokuqala nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, isiguli singasizwa. Ukujwayelekile kwegciwane le-thyroid kanye ne-pituitary gland kuholela ekuqedeni ukukhathazeka komzimba.

Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukugwema izinkinga kuwo wonke amacala. Isibonelo, nge ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, umonakalo wobuchopho uhlala. Futhi ezinye izifo zofuzo zinzima ngisho nokwelashwa okuphawulekayo.

Zikhona izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-cretinism yisifo esibi kakhulu, okungekho esimweni esingenakunakwa. Ngokutholakala kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, ubuningi bezinkinga zingagwenywa. Kusobala ukuthi abantu abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo.

Kuneminye imithetho elula ukuthi ochwepheshe batusa ukulandela. Isibonelo, ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sivamile khona, isondlo sokuvimbela ngokujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe, ikakhulukazi, ukuqapha okuqukethwe okwanele kwe-iodine ekudleni.

Njengabantwana abangenayo ngokwanele amahomoni e-thyroid abhekene ne-cretinism, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulalela leli phuzu ngesikhathi sokuhlela kokukhulelwa. Isibonelo, abazali bayelulekwa ukuba bahlolwe futhi bahlolwe ezinye izifo zokungcolisa umzimba nezifo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele aqaphe ngokucophelela inani le-iodine elidliwe. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ngoba lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale, kuphakama amathuba okuphulukiswa ngempumelelo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga ezinkulu.