Sikhanyisiwe socialism - ngokoqobo noma utopia?

Uhlelo lwe-socialism njengoba esinye sezinyathelo endleleni eya ubukhomanisi kubhekwe ideologists ukunyakaza lamaKhomanisi ekuqaleni buqala, emuva X mina, X leminyaka. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi socialism njengoba sezakhiwo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kuyoba nezigaba ezimbili: a sokusebenzela injalo eliphakeme - socialism athuthukile. Samuntu lo mbono ku umkhuba lwenziwe eU.SSR ngokuhamba ukuphila nokuthuthukiswa likahulumeni waseSoviet. Kwakukhona ezweni sezenhlalo-European, kodwa abaholi babo Awukasethi ngokwabo imisebenzi enjalo.

Mayelana nomlando

Iqiniso lokuthi e elaseSoviet Union lavula socialism iza, izakhamuzi wafunda ngo-1967, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu-the wamashumi omahlanu ka-ukunqoba October Revolution. Leli gama siye samenyezelwa e onesizotha inkulumo congratulatory L. I. Brezhneva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umqondo ukuthi zavela futhi ithuthukiswe nezimboni - eziningana zinto theory, njengoba isiqinisekiso likubeka ngokucacile empeleni. Hlobo luni isimo?

I theory ukulungisiswa

1. Okokuqala, ngokuvumelana abalobi umqondo, izincwadi ezidingekayo futhi base lobuchwepheshe sidalwe eSoviet Union. "Umphakathi Industrial" - kwakuyisiko ukukhuluma abantu baseSoviet. isimo senhlalo nesomnotho abantu lithuthukile, ingcebo wakhula, kukhuphuke ukukwazi kwazo ukuhlangabezana ngayo indaba izidingo ezingokomoya nezimfuno nomphakathi wonkana kanye namalungu ayo ngabanye.
2. Kukholakala ukuthi nomphakathi wamaSoviet yoma kuyinto mass olulodwa athishela lapho abakwazi khona izingxabano, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kuqinisekiswa umbono - yebo, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni athuthukile ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele eshanela zwe. Ngisho umbuzo kazwelonke, ngezikhathi ezithile ulola emaphethelweni lizwe, kubhekwe kuzenzakalele ngokomthetho futhi kulawulwa - ngoba ngaphansi socialism hhayi kungaba ukungqubuzana nsuku kazwelonke!
3. athuthukile socialism umthethosisekelo kufanele ibonise lesi simo saba ngcono yezakhamuzi, ukuvikela amalungelo abo ayisisekelo kanye nezibopho.
4. Umqondo ukuthuthukiswa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye angenela umsebenzi ezibanzi ngemibono. Indima zabasebenzi isiyalo futhi ukwazi, intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, nokwanda amafomu amaningi izindawo zokukhiqiza, inhlokodolobha kahle. Kukhona kuwukwanda inhlalakahle yabantu.
5. nezimboni Developed kusikisela ushintsho olunjalo enqubeni kwezomnotho kanye uhlaza, njengoba division of lonke sphere imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ku izinhlobo ezimbili - i-ukukhiqizwa izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye ukukhiqizwa ezidayiswayo. kakhulu Kumila kokukhiqiza kabusha sihlomile sihlelelwe kuhambisana nezidingo entsha okutholakele kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe nokufeza.
6. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kwaba isici inqubomgomo entsha yezolimo. ISoviet Union - ezweni hhayi kuphela umkhakha, kodwa futhi ezolimo, nezokulima. Ngoba umqondo abalobi waveza ukuthi isidingo sokuqinisa amapulazi collective kanye nesimo, ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhuthaza intuthuko kwezolimo, afeze inqubomgomo sesimanje kwalesi sigodi. Yini sesivele izuzwe kule ndawo, elikushoyo nempumelelo enkulu, kodwa kudingeka asebenzayo ngaphezulu, engananazi sigxile ke umphumela kuyoba esikufezile kanye abalulekile.
7. Ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni athuthukile awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ngendlela ngokuyinhloko entsha yokuphila, imi phezu izikhundla olusha ezifanelekayo isikhashana zomlando. Ukukhiqizwa sphere kumele iqondiswe ukwaneliseka ngokugcwele izidingo ezingokwenyama nezimfuno izakhamuzi zawo. Musa asale engenalo ukuxazulula izidingo ezingokomoya nezokuziphatha abantu, ukwakheka ingokomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuziphatha, khulula, wonke-round, ukuthuthukiswa avumelanayo zonke lomphakathi. Lezi zingxenye ayadingeka ukwakheka socialism athuthukile, nokuthi ingakamiswa abulawe, ukusebenza, kufanele owawusekelwe esikhathini esifishane.

Imiphumela

Ngeshwa, ngokoqobo ekwakheni umphakathi athuthukile, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni awenzekanga. Reality ngezinye izikhathi akuhambisani bengavumelani nemfundiso. Ngenxa owalandela LI uBrezhnev YV Andropov, kakade 1982, yamemezela ukuthi socialism athuthukile kuyothuthuka, kodwa inqubo lide, futhi kuzothatha span zomlando eside. Njengoba umlando usubonise ithiyori kwakukubi, futhi esikhundleni ithuthukiswe nezimboni kanye nobukhomanisi, laseRussia lathola "capitalism zasendle 'ayeshayeka 90-yalolucwaningo, bese ngosuku mbumbulu umphakathi namuhla. Ngoba esikhathini nesenzakalo ukuthini igama elithi "ithuthukiswe nezimboni" ukuze kungashiwo aphathwe njengomuntu ngokoqobo esizayo. Manje kuba - i utopia sobala!