Portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo. Izikhulu Kievan Rus

Yaroslav Mudry, isikhulu ERussia yasendulo, eyaziwa kunoma wesikole. Uma umbusi omkhulu isimo elikhulu, nokho uyaphila ngokuthula emakhasini webhuku umlando, sokuvula izingqondo abasha ukuba ulwazi olusha mayelana nomsebenzi wakhe emangalisayo. A Patriot kweqiniso, usomaqhinga ezicashile, oyisazi sezomnotho abanolwazi futhi connoisseur yobuciko kweqiniso - konke lokhu kungathiwani kokwesikhulu. portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo kafushane ukuchaza nzima, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe ngesandla esivulekile igcwele izenzo ezinhle nezenzo ezihlakaniphile.

Impi nabafowabo, ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi

Ngemva kokufa Prince uVladimir ka Rus zashiya abaningi bakwa-izindlalifa. Svyatopolk Lesiphakeme, wanquma ukuba abe umbusi olulodwa, ngenxa yale njongo, wabulala abafowabo abancane: Gleb Boris futhi Svyatoslav. Owasinda Yaroslav, kuyilapho iNkosi Novgorod, ukufunda mayelana amacala isihlobo, wabutha squad, waya Kiev. Izimpi, ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi phakathi kwabazalwane kwaba okuningi. Svyatopolk, wethiwa ngoba intukuthelo yakhe embi Damned okungabekezeleleki ngokuvamile wacela usizo kusukela Pechenegs. I amabutho ukungalingani, futhi Yaroslav ahlehla. Kodwa abantu Russian ngosuku olulodwa, ukhathele umbusi obnoxious, ekulweleni futhi wasiza uwine Novgorodtsev umfowabo futhi uthathe isihlalo sobukhosi.

Isikhashana ngemva kwalokho futhi kwadingeka ukuba aye empini nge Mstislav, abusa Tmutarakan. Omunye umzalwane yafua ukumemezela shift sobukhosi indodana kuphumelele kakhulu uVladimir. Kodwa lapha, wanqoba Yaroslav. Wakhe engisekela kokubili nabakhulu abalimi abavamile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Inkathi zezimbali ERussia yasendulo. portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo (c. 988-1054), futhi namuhla ukhuluma isibindi futhi profundity lo mbusi omkhulu.

Kungani Ngokuhlakanipha?

Izidlaliso leziphathamandla zanika abantu abavamile ngokuya isitayela kwabo uhulumeni, imikhuba noma ngezici zobuntu. portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo kwenza ngokucacile kucace ukuthi umuntu anguye ezijulile ngempela, ocabangayo nengqondo kohlaziyo. Zesidlaliso "Ohlakaniphile" wamnika i nokumela lwakhe olungapheli. Akazange nje ukufunda amarekhodi nezincwadi, ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe inani scholarship, naye wenza konke ukuze basakaze literacy zonke tigaba.

abameleli abefundisi, ukuze bakhe baqala ukufundisa izingane ubuciko eKufundza neKubhala. Prince zavula isikole sokuqala for abafana, elalisendlini Novgorod. Ekhulwini XI ke laliyisenzakalo esikhulu ukuthi ushintshe indlela abantu abacabanga ngazo mayelana nokuphila. Ukuthenga amabhuku izinto eziningi ezinkulu, isikhulu alethwe umtapo omkhulu walinika St Sophia Cathedral. Yaroslav Mudry - isibonelo Kwesimo zomlando wombusi, ohlale ecabanga inhlalakahle yabantu bakhe, futhi ngazo zonke izindlela-ke uphromothiwe.

Isingeniso translation

portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo kubonisa into engavamile isitokwe nomqondo kwesikhulu, amakhono akhe besesitelekeni isayensi nezobuciko. Yena waqala eRussia abanquma hhayi kuphela ukufunda nokubhala incwadi, kodwa futhi ukuhumushela imisebenzi akhona mlando angaphandle kanye zo.

Yena ohlonishwayo ukuhlakanipha amalungu bezinye izizwe, ikakhulukazi okwamhlaba umxhwele ongqondongqondo eGrisi lasendulo. UJaroslav ngaphambilini ukuze uthumele azibhala zabo zefilosofi, ukuze abantu abafuna ukuzifunda, sebenzisa ngolimi lwabo, Slavic, kanjalo ngcono yokufunda yayo futhi ezijulile. Ukunamathela kulesi simiso kusho ukuthi kwaqala ukubhujiswa ososayensi Russian esekelwe ifa waseByzantium. Futhi lapho kukhona umbuzo ku ukuqokwa kwe-Metropolitan entsha, akazange ukuyibiza ezivela kwamanye amazwe, njengoba babevame ukwenza ngaphambi, futhi emisiwe, uHilarion, ukusuka kokulula emzaneni Slavic Brest. izimiso Church, Nomocanon futhi lihunyushelwe olimini bomdabu, njengoba watshela Prince. Ukuze okungcono, ungesabi yokushintsha - lawa ezimenza phakathi namakhulu eminyaka libonisa portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo. Umlando Russia ababengalazi ababusi abanjalo.

Umthetho wokuqala ngesandla eRussia

Yebo, ngoba leli bhizinisi ezinhle futhi kudingekile futhi wayebe nesandla Yaroslav Mudry. Ima ngesikhathi sombuso kakhulu lasendulo umthetho Russian lesikhumbuzo - "Charter" ( "Russian Iqiniso", noma "iNkantolo Ephakeme Yase Yaroslavl"). Abacwaningi banamuhla kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye ngazisa ukuthi akusikho nje incwadi eyabhalwa Prince, kuyinto imicabango hhayi kuphela yakhe nemibono, futhi umsebenzi atshone kakhulu emkhakheni komthetho, iqoqo lemithetho, izinqubo nemikhuba sisebenza ngalezo zinsuku. Bathi ukudalwa ukuqoqwa umbusi lasiza. Kodwa ngisho noma ebhalwe phansi ngokuphelele kuthiwa, "Articles of Association", okomnikelo Yaroslav babenesibindi esikhulu. Ngoba ngenxa yokuthi yena, okungenani, axhasa kubo, wababutha zonke ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, behlanganiswe into eyodwa waliyisa ukuphela - eshicilelwe iqoqo.

"Charter" okwandisa izinhlawulo ukubulala, bayahlukunyezwa, ukulimala imfuyo nempahla. Wema unogada phezu ezimpilweni nasekuphileni kwabantu abavamile, wabiza ukunxeshezelwa ngokwezimali ngenxa ukulinyazwa kwabantu hlambalaza. It Kunconywa luhlolo, wafuna izigebengu bawahlala, hlola ubufakazi bamanga - kulelizinga, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala lezi izingxenye uhlelo yesimanje zokwahlulela.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kiev

Yaroslav Mudry (1019-1054 - iminyaka wokubusa kwakhe e Kiev) obusa ngokwanele. Phakathi nale nkathi, nokuqhakaza isimo crouches nemali endala Russia - Kiev. Prince ukubukelwa inkolo. Walamukela ukwakhiwa mayelana nethempeli Elisha kanye amasonto. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo waqala ukwakha zezindela kuqala, phakathi kwazo Crypt edumile emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla, kuyinto sonke Lavra, okuyinto besesitelekeni yobuhle balo nokuhlala okunethezeka. Kuyinto isikhungo sokuphila okungokwenkolo eKiev.

UJaroslav Lwaqinisa idolobha umgodi omkhulu, turning kube inqaba yangempela. Ukwambulwa eningizimu ephahlwe esangweni, babizwa ngokuthi "segolide" ngenxa domes isonto. Futhi maphakathi le ngxenye dolobha lakhiwa lombhishobhi wedolobha, eyaziwa ngokuthi UZandile. Izakhiwo enhloko-dolobha endala amadolobha Russian aye alondolozwa kwaze kwaba isikhathi sethu futhi zisesimweni esikahle. Akhipha inkazimulo namandla wawobaba. Izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke ukuza Kiev ukubheka izimangaliso ezenziwe umuntu.

Ngenxa isikhulu waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa lo msebenzi. Ochwepheshe kulo lonke elaseRussia bahlangana Kiev bese okuhleliwe wonke yokukhokha. Manje kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi umphetho. inhlokodolobha Russian we ubukhulu yayina kakhulu yentuthuko nokwabelana ngazo ezifana izihloko European njengoba naseParis.

inqubomgomo isikhulu sangaphandle

Wakwazi ukwandisa imingcele Russia. amandla aKhe wamboza engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye Lake Peipsi: leli zwe yakhiwa St George edolobheni namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Estonia eTartu. Isifiso ukwenza ubukhulu babo engcono - a credo ukuthi Likhipha portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo. umlando Russian sibonisa ukuthi wayengeyena umuntu ukwazi ukubuyisela amandla kuze kube Neman ku Yatvagi. Wabuye wakha ngokuphelele futhi elulama hhayi kuphela Kyïv, kodwa Novgorod, uVladimir-naseVolyn, Chernihiv.

Yaroslav kwaqinisa umngcele ubukhulu, wahola umzabalazo esebenzayo ne abayimizulane. Lapho efika imingcele isimo sakhe, wabutha squad futhi ngempumelelo alwa off the kuhlasela isitha. Wayesatshwa futhi ehlonishwa. UJaroslav kwaba kakhulu ziziphatha kahle futhi nendoda ekhaliphile, iNkhosi Jesu emazweni ezinethonya kunazo eYurophu: Britain, iFrance, iJalimane, Norway, waseByzantium. Ababusi lezi zizwe saphuza itiye naye etafuleni futhi wakhuluma ngemibandela alinganayo, futhi kubhekwe othile eRussia, futhi enamandla agcwele athuthukile uhulumeni iyunithi ngaleso sikhathi.

izibopho dynastic

Prince Yaroslav Ohlakaniphile, portrait ngezepolotiki ezichazwe zonke yephuzu umlando, wasibonisa indlela esingayenza ngayo esibalulekile emishadweni yakhe, saphetha ngokukhulula kummeleli basezindlini zobukhosi yeYurophu. Lokhu futhi wabonisa ukuhlakanipha kwakhe elikhazimulayo. Washada indodakazi yenkosi Swedish Ingigerda ukuthi rebaptized nge Irina.

Amadodana akhe futhi wenza iphathi ezinhle. Izyaslav wakhetha udadewabo inkosi yasePoland, Igor - Princess eJalimane, Sviatoslav - inkosazana yase-Austria, Vsevolod - inkosazana ngesiGreki bohlobo lwe-Monomakh, okuyinto wazalwa kwenye abadumile Russian Prince uVladimir Monomakh.

Prince Yaroslav indodakazi ixazululwe kangcono. Anastasia wayeshadile seNkosini Hungary, Elizabeth - umbusi Norwegian, Anna - ngoba inkosi French. Njengoba ubona, lezi izibopho dynastic kuyoluqinisa ngokwengeziwe isikhundla neRussia ngo kwezepolitiki futhi komnotho wephasi loke. Babonisa ukuthi European uthi amandla wawobaba elikhazimulayo.

Ukusungulwa kwe-Russian Imperial House

Ngalesi sikhathi esibaluleke, futhi, mina wayebe nesandla Yaroslav. Wakwazi Ganiselanani cishe yonke iYurophu, futhi lokhu kwaba nesandla ukuchuma Grand yakhe Duchy. portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo libonisa ukuthi inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo wamsiza ezindabeni yasekhaya. Ngakho, sibonga zomkhaya olubanzi, wamisa umsebenzi wezandla, laqala ukwakhela lo edolobheni futhi yokuqinisa umngcele.

Inqubomgomo dynastic sivunyiwe ezingeni zomthetho. Alexander Blessed kwakuyisiqalo Russian Imperial House. Ngokusho leli zwi lesinqumo, izintokazi asebukhosini babengavunyelwe ukungena imishado ukungalingani. It izuzwe ukuthuthukiswa nakakhulu ubukhulu. Phela zokuxhumana kanye basezindlini zobukhosi eminye imibuso ukuqinisa kuphela isikhundla Russia, njengoba ezinye izinyunyana kwaba kancane udidekile. Bloodlines eziyisimangaliso nazo zasiza ukugwema izimpi, esimweni nokuhlasela kwesitha kulesi simo kubandakanya ukuxhasa asebenzayo futhi usize enothisa yengcebo nokuthuthukisa yonke imikhakha yempilo we ubukhulu.

isiphetho

portrait zomlando Yaroslava Mudrogo usembulela we umcabango kwesikhulu obuqotho, ukubona izinto zakhe futhi ukujula eligcwele emqondweni kohlaziyo. Wayazi kahle-hle ngalokho okwakudingeka ukuze kwakhiwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kanye ngokucacile wanamathela icebo lakhe. Siyabonga kuye, Russia ifinyelele apogee sokuthuthuka. Umnotho, ukuhweba, ubuciko, kanye nokwakhiwa isezingeni Selilonke eliphakeme. Isimo hhayi kuphela okwaduma uye yazibiza phezu zezombusazwe esiteji emhlabeni. Nge Russ kubhekwe, ke sasihlonishwa futhi ohlonishwayo.

Khona-ke, kwakufanele izindlalifa Yaroslav ababusi ERussia yasendulo? Lingobani leli qembu? ekumeni zomlando zibonisa ukuthi umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla ofaneleyo the Hlakaniphile wayengekho. Akekho namadodana akhe ayikwazanga esiwujuqu ukulandela uyise, ngakho-ke lokhu ukuthuthukiswa Russia kuleyo minyaka yokuqala akazange ubone okuningi. Zonke ipumelelo Prince kancane kwaphela, tilinganiso unqabile, bese wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Okubi amnyama iwashi ephakathi, the Time Nezinkinga. Russ beyibonakala ukhohlwe ngubuthongo ucobekile, elinde umbusi omusha onamandla nohlakaniphile.