Poet Alexei Surkov - ukuziqhenya Yaroslavl umhlaba

Ngo Yaroslavl, thina inhlolovo ekutheni izakhamuzi ingoma edumile "Esikhathini ngezingodo," ukwazi. Abantu babo bonke ubudala ubumnandi wasiphakamisa umbhalo, cishe akukho ngephutha amazwi. Kodwa uma sibala umbhali bahluleka bonke. imbongi Soviet Alexei Surkov, ogama biography is phakade exhumene ne Yaroslavl sifunda nombhali imigqa abadumile ababevela usiba lwayo ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Yini le ndoda izokwenzani yona okungavamile laziwe?

"Abantu"

Wazalelwa phambi inguquko (01/10/1899) emzaneni Serednevo (Rybinsk wesifunda esifundazweni Yaroslavl) emndenini abalimi, u-Alexei Surkov waqala ukufundisa esikoleni sendawo, kokuba ugxile ubuhle bemvelo futhi lokho kuphila okulula yasemakhaya. Ibonisa isifiso sokufunda, ngineminyaka engu-12 waya Petersburg, lapho kwenzeka kudingeke ahlale endlini yenkosi yakhe futhi imali. Leli kamelo lalibizwa ngokuthi "Abantu", kodwa wavumela ingane ukufunda amaphephandaba nokuthuthukisa. Ukusebenza umsebenzi waqala umsebenzi ngiqeqeshwe endlini ukuphrinta, isitolo ifenisha, joinery. Revolution wahlangana ethekwini kwezohwebo, lapho ayesebenza weigher.

Ngo-1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" ishicilela amanye amavesi A. Gutuevsky. Lokhu kuzifihla ekuqaleni wazikhethela Alexei Surkov, ogama esithombeni ku-iminyaka kungabonwa esihlokweni. Kwaba umzamo lokuqala lokubhala. Nesishiyagalombili izinsizwa, kulotshiwe phakathi iRed Army, akhonza njengesigaba umdubuli kambayimbayi umshini futhi ihhashi isithunywa kuze 1922.

"Solo"

Ngo sokuthula, imbongi esizayo wabuyela ekhaya elincane, lapho wahlanganyela prosvetrabotoy. Kuze 1924 kuqala, olubheke edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane, wayesebenza ekamelweni eqhugwaneni kokufundwa umlobeli yasemakhaya iba County ephephandabeni lendawo. I ubungcweti intatheli ngokushesha iba main A. Surkov. Kakade "Iqiniso" ngo-1924, ephephandabeni eshicilelwe izinkondlo zakhe ezintsha, futhi ngo-1925 uba yilungu iCongress of Abalobi sifundazwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokujoyina CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov ungaphakathi Komsomol, ngokuba parallel umlobeli esifundazweni okudalwe we iphephandaba "North Komsomolets". Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu (1926-1928) wahola ke njengoba umhleli omkhulu, ukwanda kwegazi by izikhathi 2 ngokudala "Literary Corner", lapho ayengase ukuphrintwa ekuqaleni izimbongi futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba abalobi.

Ngo-May 1928 inxusa lakhe eMoscow ngoba mina iCongress of Abalobi, sabe Yaroslavl esifundeni, akangeni emuva, kokukhethwa kuya Rapp. Ukuqala lokhu lokusungula olusankondlo ukubeka iqoqo lokuqala eshicilelwe ngo-1930. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Solo." Amavesi ezahlukene acuity zezombusazwe kanye umqondo lokushisekela ubuzwe ukuthi kwaba kakhulu ziphoqa. Eminyakeni ukuba ozalwa ngempela imbongi Alexei Surkov.

Ingemuva: Ngokusho umndeni yenkosi

Ngemva kokuthola iqiniso njalo emihlanganweni tetemibhalo, imbongi ihlangana ne Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, umkakhe esizayo. Lo mbhangqwana okuzelwe izingane ezimbili: Kuzelwe indodana ngo-1928 Alexey Natalia nendodakazi Ngo-1938 Phakathi nempi, umndeni uzobe zayiswa Chistopol, ilapho kusukela ngaphambili ukuba babhalele yabo Alexei Surkov. Esikhathini indodakazi esizayo ngeke bazikhethele mkhakha we-journalism ngawenza ne, ukwenza musicology. INdodana kuyoba amasosha, Air Force sombutho.

30s zaziphawuleka ngokungabi yokuthi A. Surkov has ukwenza i-ukuntuleka kwemfundo: yayingekhona nje iziqu Institute of Red uProfesa, kodwa futhi walivikela ocwaningeni akhe futhi waba uprofesa e-Literary Institute. Ungakushiyi, futhi umsebenzi wokuhlela, ngekubambisana ne M. Gorky e "izifundo Literary" umagazini ngaleso sikhathi. Ukusebenza LOKAFe, uyaqhubeka ukubhala izinkondlo nezingoma mayelana Amaqhawe kulwiwa: "Ontanga", "zihlasela", "Ezweni ume isibindi." Abanye imisebenzi izingoma: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

impi umlobeli

"Combat ukuhlaselwa", "iRed Army Pravda", "Red Star" - lezo zincwadi, okuyinto ngo-1939 eshicilelwe voenkor Alexei Surkov. Imbongi wathatha ezimpikiswaneni zezwe ezimbili lempi ngosuku olwandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe: umkhankaso Finnish futhi umkhankaso Western Belarus. Naphezu yobudala neprizyvnoy, kusukela ngosuku lokuqala impi wathunyelwa ngaphambili, ngivuka ngo-1943 kuya elisezingeni sombutho wezempi. Elapho izohlangana izimbongi eziningi neminyaka yempi. Ukuthi ayezonikela umugqa Konstantin Simonov edumile: "Usakhumbula, Alesha, Smolensk umgwaqo ...".

Njengoba umhleli induna "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha", wanyathelisa izinkondlo, satires nezingoma isikhathi nobuqhawe. Sizoshicilelwa amaqoqo eziningana izinkondlo, "Poems of inzondo", "zihlasela", "Isosha sika Inhliziyo". Ngo-1942 lapho yacishe ibulawa Rzhev, kamuva wabhala imigqa ohlolayo:

"Futhi izinhlamvu alimale, kanti ukushisa akulona esivuthayo,

Ngihamba emaphethelweni umlilo.

Lubonakala ukuhlupheka unina eqolo

Ngesikhathi somusa ukufa kimi ... "

Kodwa izingoma ethandwa kakhulu kuzoba umsebenzi wakhe. Phakathi kwabo: "INgoma onesibindi", "Ingoma abavikeli eMoscow" futhi-ke, i- "ngezingodo" abadumile.

Indaba "dugouts"

Ingoma wazalwa ngo Novemba 1942 endaweni Istria (edolobhaneni Kashino, eMoscow Region), lapho kwakudingeka ahambe imvelo endaweni egqitshwe amabhomu. Wayenomuzwa wokuthi ngempela ukuthi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, izinyathelo ezimbalwa kuphela. Lapho ingozi ayisekho, wonke ijazi kwadingeka eziyingozi ngesiswebhu. Ngisho e Moscow, wazalwa emigqeni odumile we inkondlo ethunyelwe Chistopol unkosikazi. Lapho edition uvele umqambi Konstantin Listov, u-Alexei Surkov wamnika imigqa ngesandla, futhi ngemva kwesonto ingoma sokuqala esenziwa umngane wakhe Mikhail Savin.

Kusukela uvele okokuqala ngakho baphuthuma phambi, ekubeni ucezu ozithandayo yamasosha. Yena wahlabelela noLidiya Ruslanova, futhi ekuqaleni ngisho kudedelwa amarekhodi irekhodi. Kodwa ke eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele, njengoba abasebenzi zezombusazwe ikhombe baziphatha e imigca enkondlweni futhi wacela ukushintsha amagama. Kodwa ingoma usephendukele abantu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amasosha aya empini, bamemeza bathi: "! Sing, harmonica, naphezu isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa" Ingoma abadumile edolobhaneni Kashino isikhumbuzo. Kuyinto ukuqashelwa yangempela umbhali, osebenzela umjikelezo ngo-1946 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kwempi, u-Alexei Surkov, ogama biography sesibe elihlobene ne imisebenzi welicembu kanye nahulumende, njengoba umhleli oyinhloko 'Ogonyok "futhi Umphathi we -Institute of nezincwadi zokufunda kuye kwafeza lukhulu yokuthola ithalente entsha. Wanyathelisa Anna Akhmatova, ukuvikela igama lakhe phambi uJoseph Stalin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuba a lamaKhomanisi ngani ukuthi ayiboni ubuqambi uBoris Pasternak, melanani uSolzhenitsyn futhi Andrei Sakharov. Poet iminyaka eminingi, uzobe uholwa yi-Union of Soviet Abalobi.

Ngo-1969, uhulumeni ngeke ukugubha impumelelo yakhe Star of the Hero yezimpumelelo zabasebenzi. Ngemva kokufa indoda ngo-1983, i-eziningi kuyoba imbongi emangalisayo, eyaduma Yaroslavl umhlaba.