OLwandle Azov: usawoti, ukujula. Izimpawu oLwandle Azov

OLwandle Azov eRussia waziwa kuleli 1st ekhulwini BC. e. Okhokho bethu waliqamba igama nolwandle oluluhlaza. Kamuva, ngemva kokumiswa Tmutarakan ubukhulu, ke anikwa igama elisha - Russian. Nge kokuwa Duchy uqambe kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe oLwandle Azov. Wabizwa Mayutis, Salakar, Samakush futhi t. N. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, uphawu Saksin ulwandle. Wajoyina uhlu lwesiTatar-Mongol abahlaseli. Bambiza Balik-dengiz (ukuhumusha - "izinhlanzi zasolwandle"), kanye Chabak-dengiz (bream, ulwandle chabache). Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, igama elithi "Chabak" yaphenduka "ekuqaleni" ngenxa ushintsho, kungakho igama layo liyi zamanje. Nokho, lokhu kungamampunge nje akusho kakhulu baqinisekisa.

Enokwethenjelwa kakhulu kubhekwa umsuka igama yesimanje kwedolobha Azov. phakathi adumile imikhankaso Azov obenziwa uPetru mina kuphela, igama ke wabelwa ichibi.

I usawoti yoLwandle Azov ngaphambi nangemva isiqondiso Don

Endaweni yokuqala ngaphansi kwethonya ukugeleza kwamanzi emifuleni (kufika ku-12% we umthamo isamba amanzi), kanye nokwabelana eyinkimbinkimbi kuya oLwandle Olumnyama kwakhiwa Hydro-chemical izici zalesi kwesigubhu njengoba Azovskoe ulwandle. Usawoti kwaba kancane kathathu ngaphandle usawoti isilinganiso olwandle, ukuze ukulawulwa Don. Kusuka ku-1 kuya ku 10.5 ppm futhi 11.5 (ngokufanele, ewathatha emlonyeni Don, maphakathi ingxenye kanye Kerch Strait) washintsha inani layo. Nokho, ngemva kokuba seniyenzile wadala Tsimlyansky emifula ngokucijile kuqalile ukwandisa usawoti yoLwandle Azov, ukufinyelela ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi kuze kube 13 ppm. Akuvamile ukufinyelela nge-1% ezithile zonyaka ukuguquguquka kobukhulu.

I amanzi oLwandle Azov namuhla

usawoti omncane iqukethe emanzini yayo Azov Sea. Usawoti - isici main, ngenxa okuyinto kulula ukumisa. Ngaphambi kokufika icebreakers sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo ichibi kwaba imikhumbi ngesikhathi kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku Maphakathi no-April. Imithombo yamanzi yoLwandle Azov njengoba indlela yasolwandle ngakho wasebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo kuphela.

Cishe yonke imifula ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iyangena-ke, abangu uwenze idamu phakathi nekhulu lama-20 ukuze adale amadamu. Leli qiniso kwaholela yokuthi ukudedelwa daka namanzi okuphuza ziyancipha kakhulu.

ibhalansi Amanzi

Ngokuyinhloko, ngoba kwatheleka angenasawoti nemifula ehlukahlukene, kwezulu asemkhathini ehlela phezu kolwandle kanye amanzi angenayo Black ulwandle kanye flow kubo ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo Kerch isiteshi imodi kuncike kwesigubhu aqueous ezifana Azovskoe ulwandle, usawoti zazo sinesithakazelo. Kubukeka kanje ibhalansi amanzi. Kuban, Don nezinye thutheleka fula olwandle kunjalo, ukuletha ingqikithi 38,8 cubic amakhilomitha nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. 13.8 isezingeni ebusweni eside imvula isilinganiso emkhathini. Minyaka yonke, ngokusebenzisa le Kerch Strait wathela amanzi mayelana 31.2 cubic metres. km. Kuyinto imithombo Sea. Kusukela Syvash ngokusebenzisa ndima unelungelo Izacile ulwandle Ukwedlula enikeziwe cubic amakhilomitha angaba 0.3. 84,1 km ukufika Imininingwane yamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa isamba inani ukuhwamuka ebusweni (mayelana 35,5 cu. Km) ngokusebenzisa eshiwo ngenhla Photo Kerchensky strait (47,4 cu. Km), futhi ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa ndima Syvash mncane (1.4 cu. Km). Lokho, liphinde elilingana 84,1.

River ukugeleza ubuhlobo ukuze umthamo isamba yayo

Isilinganiso umthamo isamba kolwandle emfuleni ukugeleza omkhulu kunayo yonke eminye izilwandle emhlabeni. Uma idlule namarisidi emkhathini futhi amanzi emfuleni ku ukuhwamuka yabo ebusweni, lokho kwakuzoholela ukwanda ezingeni nokusukuma kungeyona, uma kwakungekho exchange amanzi ne-Black Sea, eyasungulwa ngenxa kwendawo esihle commercial inhlanzi usawoti.

Ukusatshalaliswa usawoti wamanzi Azov

Abalandelayo okwamanje labelwe echibini ngokuthi uLwandle Azov, usawoti. It ifinyelela 17.5% ngo ekujuleni Kerch esifundeni. Kuziwa nansi ngamanzi anosawoti yoLwandle Olumnyama. Lapho usawoti kuyinto 17.5%. I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba ipharamitha kuyinto eyohlobo. Inkomba ilapha 12-12.5%. endaweni encane kuphela ama-13%. Usawoti e eTaganrog bay ukuze Don umlomo (umfula, okuyinto agelezela Azovskoe ulwandle) lehla 1.3%.

Ekuqaleni ehlobo futhi entwasahlobo ngenxa ice zincibilika, kanye inflow eningi emanzini emfuleni ulwandle usawoti incipha kancane. Ebusika ekwindla ke imayelana okufanayo ebusweni kuya phansi. I usawoti enkulu amanzi Azov Sea is nasemkhakheni Sivash, ezicezile bay ayijulile, kanti aphansi - e le eTaganrog Bay.

I yoLwandle Azov ukujula

Azov Sea kungokwalabo flat. It is kokuba emithambekeni ongaphakeme ogwini sehlangano engajulile yamanzi.

I yoLwandle Azov ukujula enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi esingaphansi ngokuvamile 15 metres, futhi isilinganiso siyizinsuku ngezithuba mayelana 8. Izintwa kuze 5 amamitha ngenkathi bangazihluphi indawo abangaphezu kwesigamu endaweni yayo. Umqulu kolwandle futhi encane, kuba 320 cubic metres. Ngokwesibonelo ukuqhathanisa, okuyinto cishe 2 izikhathi kule ipharamitha ke okudlula ne-Aral Sea. Cishe 11 izikhathi eziningi ngaphezu kwalezo ezibonwa Azov Black Sea, futhi umthamo - njengasemaphandleni 1678 futhi.

Azov Sea, kodwa akulona encane kangaka. Isibonelo, zazibekwa khona ngokukhululekile ezimbili uthi ezifana Europe njengoba Luxembourg naseNetherlands. Ubude obukhulu kolwandle kuyinto 380 km ububanzi - 200 amakhilomitha e 2686 - ubude zazo inogu.

impumuzo ngwenya

Impela wamane the kwamanzi sendawo we ulwandle. Empeleni, kahle futhi kancane okwandisa ukujula nge okwandisa ibanga ukusuka ogwini. Izimpawu Sea Azov ngokuya impumuzo elandelayo. Maphakathi nalo kukhona ukujula enkulu. Phansi cishe flat. ULwandle Azov kuyinto amatheku ezimbalwa, enkulu kunazo zonke okuyizinto Temryuk, yaseTaganrog, futhi Siwash kakhulu ekhishwe inyumbazane. Kugcine kungaba lesifanele xaxa cabanga esizalweni somfula. OLwandle Azov cishe akukho iziqhingi ezinkulu. Kunezindlela eziningana angajulile zazo kancane wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Basuke etholakala eduze emabhishi. Isibonelo, iyisiqhingi Turtle, Biruchiy nabanye.

Lona main isici Azov ulwandle ngokuya usawoti, ukujula nempumuzo.

Ngcono kolwandle

Njengoba, njengoba sekushiwo, uLwandle Azov lincane kakhulu, amanzi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, luhlala efudumele. Wayehlale degrees ambalwa kunakwezinye, isibonelo, Black. Isimo sezulu imnene sezulu emangalisayo-yokwenza eliphezulu iholide zokungcebeleka elise ngasogwini.

ukuthi amanzi olwandle kubhekwa ekwelapheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlabathi iqukethe izinto eziningi kwaphazamiseka kuyazuzisa umzimba womuntu. Amanzi nawo ifa ewusizo izakhi eziningi ikhemikhali zingene ngokuphelele phakathi ngokuluhlaza ageza umzimba ngokusebenzisa ebusweni isikhumba.

Ukugeza zolwandle - massage okukhulu. umbuso Lokulingene oqine emisebeni yelanga, okuyinto sici yoLwandle Azov, kukuvumela ukuthatha amaningi bethamele ilanga izifundo njalo. indawo Omkhulu salokhu - emabhishi Azov Sea.

Kusukela zonke Kulokhu singaphetha ezibatshela ukuthi sinesithakazelo echibini liyindawo enkulu ngokuphulukisa. Phumula kufanelekile nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo, kanye nomthelela omuhle umgudu wokuphefumula yomzimba, kukhulisa ithoni yayo.