Okubonwayo umlando saseTomsk

Ukuze ukufunda umlando idolobha uhlale ezithakazelisayo. Phela, indlela yokuphila kuyinto emadolobheni eliyingqayizivele, futhi ngokushesha uqala ukucabanga ngenhloso ngamunye wabo kuleli zwe.

Uhlolojikelele

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomlando edolobheni saseTomsk, ukuthi kungani kancane kancane futhi zathuthuka kanjani ngokuhamba kweminyaka engamakhulu amane. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi le ndawo besihloselwe kweziboshwa futhi ukukhonza abantu, kodwa esikhathini esifushane baba ezinesisindo nakwamanye amadolobha eziningi ezifuywayo. Ngo-1991 saseTomsk sinikezwe isimo somuzi zomlando, njengoba esesimweni esihle ukulondolozwa mlando esiyingqayizivele izakhiwo, namathafa nokunye. Yokudumisa kulo muzi okuthiwa netshe elisemkhathini (4931). Igama lo muzi wawuqamba zenuzi ngwenya K-150 isikebhe "saseTomsk", ingxenye Russian Pacific Fleet. Umlobi u-Alexander volkov okungijabulisile futhi zasemazweni komuzi, yingakho bili e inganekwane kwakuwukubonakaliswa okunjani Emerald City!

umlando saseTomsk uye wasitshela ukuthi lomuzi lwalunezisekelo elinye igama - laseSiberia Athens. Wena wafuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani ibizwa kanjalo okuthiwa? Khona-ke qhubeka!

Kumila saseTomsk inqaba

Lolu amazing muzi wasendulo laseSiberia ukukhathazeka mlando nabavubukuli ngisho namuhla, futhi zonke ngoba 1604 King Boris isikhipha umyalo ngesisekelo komuzi "endaweni okunzima ngomusa kaNkulunkulu ...." Umlando edolobheni saseTomsk has eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamakhulu amane!

Prince Toyan ecela usizo kusukela enkosini kuya ukuzivikela nokuvikela amazwe awo. Khona-ke iNkosi uPhilip kwadingeka umqondo wathola idolobha ezintabeni eduze kwaseCape Uvuko Tom River. Umlando yegama saseTomsk ilula: edolobheni yaqanjwa emfuleni kulo eyasungulwa amabhange. Ekupheleni September ngawo lowo nyaka yaqedwa ukwakhiwa komnikazi.

SaseTomsk inqaba elakhiwa ngo inqubo "Gorodnya." Kumila waba quadrangle castle, nendawo yamathe onyawo ka 0.2 amahektha. Izindonga Burg esiphezulu safinyelela 6.5 m. Kwakukhona 4 kwemibhoshongo into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile Izithulu. Enyakatho okuphambene, ngaseningizimu yalesi odongeni ezakhiwa eya imibhoshongo, ukuphakama yabo eneminyaka engu-13 no-22 amamitha. Kuleyandawo abangu beya phansi eqhugwaneni, uMbusi egcekeni, azivuni, azibekeleli ezinqolobaneni ehlukahlukene izinqolobane, kanye zintathu Church, eyasungulwa ngo-1606.

Lokho laliwumuzi omncane saseTomsk. Umlando base ilula, kodwa emzini ukubaluleka e isiphetho isimo Russian ayikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu.

Tomic waqhubeka eziqinisa futhi bayokwakha izindonga ezintsha omuzi wasendulo. Ngakho, ngo-1609 i- "izindonga ezintathu" ukuze ohlangothini olusenyakatho le nqaba prirub omunye ejele. Ubude ingqikithi izindonga kwaba amayadi angu mayelana 604 futhi ngamamitha amabili. Kwaphela abayizithulu ababili wedlula umbhoshongo. Manje endaweni zonke izakhiwo saseTomsk has emhlabeni 4 amahektha. Indaba akugcini ukudalwa saseTomsk.

Esigabeni esilandelayo ukwakhiwa

Enye Fort lakhiwa 1634 nhlangothi zombili emfuleni Ushayka River, njengoba iningi izakhamuzi bahlala khona. Yikuphi bendawo ukushayela "The ephansi nqaba." Fire isici uthethe wakuzuma saseTomsk e 1639 kanye 1643, ngokulandelana. Lo muzi kabi zishiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi ayesevele ehlala abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili saseTomsk. Kulawa, abalimi kuka 700, nabahwebi futhi ikilasi inkonzo abantu.

Ngemva umlilo 1652 izakhamizi kanye abaklami kuphelile ukwakhiwa izinqaba zaleli dolobha.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, saseTomsk - inqaba lokhuni ahaqa stockade, nge 7 esakhelwe ingxenye yomgwaqo ebekelwe izimoto nemibhoshongo abayizithulu. Upper Fort ingeyamakhosi inqaba ohlangothini lwasenyakatho odongeni, lapho kwakukhona khona omkhulu ukushayela umbhoshongo.

Ngo 1734 e saseTomsk iza G. F. Miller - the historiography kazwelonke. Encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku wabhala ukuthi umlando isisekelo saseTomsk muhle kakhulu, ekukhuleni kwayo zibabaza ijubane abo. Uveza nokuthi inqaba lakhiwa "ku model of izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni," futhi kwemibhoshongo eseduze amasango babe wezikhali nomlilo. Kwakukhona omunye umbhoshongo - owesikhombisa, njengoba singahambi ngobuqili. Kwakungesale zintathu Church. Ahambisana Naleli inqaba kwaba Fort encane, ekhulwini XVIII ke ngadonsa kanzima iziboshwa abaseSweden.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, idolobha waba yizinqamu eziyisikhombisa. eqinisa edolobheni ayizange lalondolozwa. Futhi emzini kwakuyilawa:

• amasonto 7.
• 1 Monastery.
• 237 = 3 izitolo eziningi ukuhweba.
• 1500 amakhaya ezisemadolobheni.
• 7500 izakhamuzi.

umlando saseTomsk, lapho kubhalwe khona imilando, uthi ku 1723 labantu kulo muzi ka mayelana 9000 izakhamuzi amakilasi ezahlukene.

Edolobheni ezazihlala

ESiberia saseTomsk laba isikhungo ngokuya ezomnotho, geography kanye nenqubomgomo empini ngezizathu eziningana. Ake sibheke kubo.

Okokuqala, saseTomsk - isikhungo lapho amaqembu Cossacks waya ayohlola azungeze izwe ze-non-obunokuthula kusukela Altai Izintaba, lisekuqaleni komfula wase-Yenisei ukuba Transbaikalia emaqeleni ngisho Pacific Ocean! Leso sigaba inkonzo abantu saseTomsk umgwaqo ngamatshe phezu lokuqala expanses laseSiberia.

Okwesibili, ngesisekelo lokuqala kwezomnotho sokuthuthukiswa emzini kwaba ukulima igeja. It kulandela ukuthi saseTomsk kwakungekaNkulunkulu alime amadolobha Russian. Ngokushesha, idolobha siyavela futhi ithuthukisa izikebhe. Kakade 1626, lomuzi lwalunezisekelo engaphezu kwengu-20 izingcweti zase-. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-30, le nombolo kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi 2.5. Ngisho eminyakeni eyikhulu phakathi Tomich ezingaphezu kuka-380 izingcweti amakhono ehlukene. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona master-ochwepheshe: .. Isithonjana abadwebi Armorer, watchmakers, njll Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, njengoba kufakazelwa umlando edolobheni saseTomsk, evela sokuncibilikisa nsimbi e esikalini ezimbonini. Woodworking futhi wokubaza safinyelela iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo. SaseTomsk sesakhiwo lokhu isiqinisekiso. Indaba izakhiwo saseTomsk wona kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Okwesithathu, umuzi ekuseni kakhulu futhi ngokushesha waba ngobukhulu shopping centre, njengoba yasungulwa ezingomakhelwane isifunda esiseningizimu laseSiberia. SaseTomsk - Centre ukunyakaza elisendleleni izizwe eSiberia.

izikhungo zemfundo

Ngo esifundeni laseSiberia saseTomsk isahola rankings ku inani lezikole iminyaka 100. Kakade ngo-1878, kuleli dolobha wokuqala Imperial University eRussia ngale Urals wavulwa.

University yaqanjwa V. Kuybysheva kubhekwe nyuvesi endala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Umlando saseTomsk wabonisa ukuthi yasungulwa ngo-1880. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, sikhungo kwavula amandla yezokwelapha futhi umthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo saseTomsk State Pedagogical University ithuthukiswe kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha.

Ngo-1976 TSU wavula iminyango izinkomba:

• ngokomzimba;
• Radio Physics;
• Mechanics kanye ne-mathematics;
• Physics nezobuChwepheshe;
• Geology futhi Geography;
• I-Mathematics Esetshenziswayo;
• chemical;
• inhlabathi kanye bayo begazi;
• zomthetho;
• kolimi;
• zomlando;
• kwezomnotho;
• ukuqeqeshwa;
• Graduate School;
• Preparatory futhi ukuxhumana neminyango.

I TSU wavula zocwaningo emkhakheni Mechanics nezibalo ezingamaGreki, imfundo biology, futhi Biophysics. Kunezindlela inyuvesi ingadi Botanical futhi iminyuziyamu eminingi:

• mineralogy;
• paleontology;
• kwezilwane;
• imivubukulo;
• ethnography;
• herbarium.

Umtapo yesayensi has emashalofini yayo amavolumu ezigidini ezintathu.

Ihostela abafundi Tbilisi State University yakhiwa ngo-1883 ngokuphelele iminikelo eqoqiwe. La makamelo ayengenabo ifenisha nezinto ezidingekayo ukuze abafundi ukuhlala ukhululekile. Kubo avuleka ekamelweni lokudlela nomtapo wezincwadi. Futhi oda kule ndawo ababelala kuyo elilandelayo wokuhlola isikhonzi.

Ngokuqondene ezokungcebeleka kanye namasiko izindawo ukuphila edolobheni ke kakade ekhulwini le-19 Kwatholakala Philharmonic, amathiyetha iminyuziyamu.

Ezinye izibalo

Kuvulwa saseTomsk State University kwasithinta kakhulu izinga lokuphila - it is qualitatively ngcono. Lokhu akusona isimanga, iminyaka ngoba ngemva 100 emva kuvulwa University of bodokotela icishe 2,000 othisha, othisha kanye nabacwaningi, kuhlanganise osolwazi 70 futhi odokotela wesayensi ahlukahlukene, cishe 450 umsizi osolwazi kanye ukhetho, futhi inani labafundi kudlulwe 8,000.

Ukubukeka elingaphandle edolobheni

Umlando saseTomsk House uthi izakhiwo sokhuni izakhiwo kwenkathi akanalo nje kobukhulu kodwa futhi amafomu amahle, mbumbulu ezikhangayo, Q futhi emangalisayo Decor ezibaziweyo.

Namuhla, umuntu angabona izakhiwo eziningi ezibonisa izivakashi ukubukeka leli dolobha eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule. ibandla elihle kakhulu Wovuko, eyenziwe isitayela Baroque. Futhi ubukeka amazing Gostiny Dvor emakethe, eyenziwe ngetshe. Kukhona izakhiwo eyenziwe isitayela classicism:

• IMantshi (1802-1812 GG.).
• Amahhovisi kahulumeni (1830-1842 GG.).
• Exchange eziyinkimbinkimbi (1854-1854 GG.).
• Lesi sakhiwo lokuqala Tbilisi State University (1880-1885 GG.).

zasemazweni okuchichimayo, ukongiwa izindawo ihlathi, eziningi itshe nezakhiwo lokhuni ne eqoshwe esiyingqayizivele - isici esihlukanisa ezitaladini saseTomsk. Umlando usikhombisa izakhiwo lokhuni esiyingqayizivele, kodwa, ngeshwa, inani elikhulu izakhiwo lokhuni baqothulwa imililo eminingi. Namuhla, ukuthenga umuzi iholide, Tomichi ukuhlobisa Amafasitela alo Izicabha ezitsheni zokhuni ezincane, aqala ukulondoloza ngokucophelela emasikweni Backwoods laseSiberia. Izakhamuzi futhi bahlobise imizi yabo emaphethelweni saseTomsk.

lapho ukuya

isikhungo	ikheli	Izici
Museum lwazi lendawo	Frunze Avenue, d. 2	Yaqalwa ngo-March 1922, endlini saseTomsk Gold Mining I. D. Astasheva. Ukusiza kumiswa embukisweni futhi ziphephile Museum babe Tretyakov Igalari kanye Rumyantsev Museum
Museum of Architecture Ngokhuni	Kirov Prospect, d. 7	Museum itholakala isakhiwo-lesikhumbuzo bokwakha Russian olubaluleke sikahulumeni. I indlu yakhiwe izingodo, ngombala senziwa ngesitayela yesimanje. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe embukisweni itholakala esitezi sesibili, ngisho egunjini eliphezulu ophahleni. Isikhwama ine cishe 200 ziphephile, kanye lezinto 300 zigcinwa khona okwesikhashana
Ngenhlanhla lesikhumbuzo	Shevchenko Street, d. 19	Ukuqopha ngesimo impisi has elinye igama - ". Njengamanje ukucula" It ayivulanga kudala, ngonyaka ka-2005. Wolf imele injabulo, ngokuvumelana umbhali yephrojekthi Leontiya Usova
ruble lesikhumbuzo	endaweni Novo-Cathedral	Isisindo zemali lokhuni mayelana 250 kg. Made imali enjalo aphume zikaphayini. Okokuqala, lapho kubhujiswa umswakama walo embozwe isixazululo ekhethekile, kodwa ke "ezipakishiwe" endaweni esobala plastic ibhokisi ekhethekile
Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yomlando saseTomsk idolobha	Street Bakunin, d. 3	It okumvulela umphakathi muva nje, ngo-2003. Lo mbukiso ubizwa ngokuthi "Lokuqala saseTomsk"
Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, d. 8	Omunye ababhishobhi endala saseTomsk. Esakhiwe ngo-1630
izinkanyezi	Lenin Avenue, d. 82, k. 1	Ngesisekelo TSU
Theatre "buffoon" iqanjwe R. Vindermana	Le ndawo Sikasawoti, d. 4	Empeleni leli hholo yakhoselisa izivakashi kweminyaka engu-40 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili. Le ndawo enkulu ukuvakashela nezingane ezincane, njengoba yonke imikhiqizo owazenza emaphaphethi
Slavic izinganekwane Museum	Street Zagorny, d. 12	Museum elikhulu wekhasi Ural. Umbukiso zihlanganisa ziphephile esiyingqayizivele. Umdwebo Iyizeli, ihluzo - konke lokhu esekelwe ezinganekwaneni yethu, kanye okusekelwe Russian Folk yezinganekwane. Rus sidilizwa 'siqala ukuphithizela futhi phambi izivakashi Museum

Yini izivakashi Kuyaphawuleka

Njengoba saseTomsk - ubudala edolobheni laseSiberia, kukhona izakhiwo eziningi mlando. Namuhla Museum uhlala kuzo, amabhange, imisebenzi yokuphatha. Kukhona amabandla amaningi Orthodox, kukhona isonto ngisho lamaSulumane. Namuhla, kumhlaba ngaphambili owayengenalusizo saseTomsk inqaba has namanyuvesi ayisihlanu, nabalingisi kukhona ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo Drama Theatre. Inani elikhulu esikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele futhi funny kuhlobisa nobe emigwacweni yase dolobheni. Kodwa ngaphandle komuzi kukhona ezikhangayo ukuthi akuzona esingaphansi ezithakazelisayo futhi okunenjongo!

Ngokwesibonelo, ukusakaza phezulu Basandayki beat-15 iziphethu ngamanzi lingalingani ekwelapheni. Three bendawo ukhiye ngokuthi njengoba "Talovskie isitsha." igama ezinjalo ezingokomfanekiso ezikutholile ngenxa usawoti lime ziqukethe. Ephuma ebusweni emfuleni, yezingxenye ukwakha udonga okusaqanda futhi mnyama ngenxa okuqukethwe oxide manganese. Isitsha enkulu has nemingcele:

• udonga ukujiya - 30 cm;
• ukuphakama - 1 imitha;
• Ubude - 4 amamitha.

Ithi Talovskaya amanzi hhayi kuphela ukuphulukisa, kodwa futhi kumnandi ukunambitheka. Okumangazayo yokuthi ebusika nokhahlo, khi, hhayi kwi freezer naphakade.

SaseTomsk imvelo amumethe izikhumbuzo ehlukile libanakekele engengaphansi kwengu ethempelini noma Gostiny Dvor.

isiphetho

umlando saseTomsk ugcwele izenzakalo ezingokoqobo nezikhona ngempela. Lo muzi ubizwa elikhula ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukisa. Phakathi nekhulu lesi-4, wasifinyelela lokho abaningi edolobheni ayikwazanga ukuhumusha iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

City uye wadala futhi wasungula ezihlukahlukene ingqalasizinda. Namuhla, inkinga main - ukuze alondoloze futhi uthuthukise ke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukukhathazeka saseTomsk - ekulondolozweni ongokomlando, izifiso zokudala eSiberia Athens - mlando isikhungo kwamasiko. Inani elikhulu izinyathelo ezithathiwe, kodwa futhi okuningi kwenziwe emagunyeni.

Umlando saseTomsk kafushane futhi ngokucacile ubonisa izivakashi emzini ubukhulu bakhe, impumelelo kanye nenqubekela phambili.

Izivakashi abavakashele saseTomsk, bathi kuleli dolobha akunakwenzeka ukuthandana. Babecabanga ukuthi lingase lithathe ehlanzekile futhi zigcinwe kahle. It is waphawula ukuthi abashayeli ethobekile abahamba ngezinyawo. Abesifazane ukuyichazela njengoba edolobheni ethokomele futhi muhle. Abesilisa ukujabulela saseTomsk Beer Museum. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuzi ubhekwa ubudala, kukhona intsha eningi ababhalise emayunivesithi zomphakathi nasemakolishi.

Ukuze bafike kulesi idolobha elihle futhi mlando kungaba zifike ngezindiza, izitimela, amabhasi kanye yebo imoto. siqala emfushane evela Novosibirsk: 250 km - futhi ulapho.