Nylon - lena impahla ekhethekile, futhi akusho ukuthi akufanele kusetshenziswe izindwangu yemvelo

Namuhla, lapho abathengi abaningi bathanda izingubo ezenziwe izindwangu zemvelo, akumangalisi zokwenziwa Craze ukuthi babanjwe emhlabeni futhi nomphakathi wamaSoviet ku zamashumi amahlanu sekwephuzile futhi sixties ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Thina-ke amazwe "ezivela phesheya" amahembe egqamile futhi amasokisi babe imfashini kakhulu, dudes ukukhokhela mad imali, futhi ngaphezu injabulo yobuhle wathola izinzuzo ezinye ezifana okusezingeni eliphezulu izimfanelo umthengi.

Geza lezi zinto lula, bona asha ngendlela emangalisayo okusheshayo, cishe kwakungadingeki ayina, futhi ningachithi. Kwakubonakala sengathi inayiloni - ke iwuphawu intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ikusasa, kuzothatha isikhathi eside impela, futhi umhlaba wonke uyobe ugqoke ngale izinto ezibonakalayo.

chemical izici

Empeleni, e-kwamashumi amahlanu, akabange entsha. Uma ni cela iinhlathululo uchwepheshe kwamakhemikhali organic, waphendula ngokuthi, empeleni yayo, inayiloni - a polyamide.

Ngaphandle kokuya butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela wesayensi, ubani eyathatha inkambo esikoleni, ungacabanga neketanga zishintshe welulela ubude futhi ehlanganisa amayunithi ezifanayo. Ukuze wenze izinto kwanoma iyiphi impahla ekhethekile omningi polymer isakhiwo kungashintshwa ngokungeza amagatsha futhi Ukufakwa, kodwa, ngokuvamile, ukwakheka amakhemikhali inayiloni silula, it is kuhlelwe umqondo kusuka ezintathu izinto zemvelo ngokuphelele: emoyeni amalahle namanzi. Monomer, isb amide, uxhuma ngokwakhe molecule efanayo kanye polymer yakha okuhlala kakhulu futhi amelana ezinhlotsheni eziningi amathonya onakalisayo.

Lapho inayiloni amasokisi amade babe okunethezeka

Eyokuqala polymerization ukusabela we amide ekhiqizwa American inkampani "DuPont" ochwepheshe ngo-1930. Cishe eyishumi, inkampani efanayo sekuqalile ukukhiqizwa ka amasokisi zabesifazane, kuka immortalized igama lakhe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela fabulously lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuncike piquant ikhabethe zabesifazane ngokushesha wenza lokho asikwazanga ukwenzile bomashiqela esibi kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka XX. Nylon amasokisi ngilinqobile izwe.

Le mikhiqizo elungisiwe zazibiza yingakho kuba umthetho capitalism Eminyakeni yokuqala emakethe ayitholwa ukubusa umkhiqizo omusha "DuPont" inkampani. Khona-ke, izimbangi entsha, kanye amasokisi amade babé okunethezeka ethengekayo ngenxa yabantu balawo mazwe lapho enziwa. Nokho, ngo-post-yimpi eYurophu nase-USSR bona wasikisela.

Nylon kanye amathemba eyandulela impi

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho amasokisi polymer American wahamba emhlabeni, ezenzeke nezwe ezombangazwe nezinye, ekude esingaphansi emnandi futhi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Isintu kwaba on the esengozini kubulawa grand global. I oluzayo impi imithombo efaneleko, ezihlukahlukene. Kudingeke ukuba senze amakhulu ezigidi amathani nezempi, kuhlanganise omunye okuyiwona izakhi ezidingekayo yemvelo futhi kuyabiza njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa. Phakathi parachutes Okokuqala Umhlaba zazenziwe usilika, futhi ngemoto izindiza amathayi akhiwe ngerabha. Izimoto ezindizeni zisezincane, kanye okunethezeka lamazwe ezilwayo ayenamandla okukwenza. Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni ivolumu ukukhiqizwa nezempi baye imba eqolo. Kwathi ukuthi inayiloni - material hhayi kuphela Stocking.

impahla amasu

izicelo Military lokhu polymer kwaba ubanzi kakhulu. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili futhi okwalandela yabo yathela ngaphezulu, esidinga ukuba fibre oqinile. inkampani Inayiloni "DuPont" uhlobo olukhethekile ngokuthi Kevlar, futhi iqiniso ukuthi unamandla kahlanu kunensimbi, ingasetshenziswa womshini izivikelo zomzimba, okuyinto wafaka amasosha aseMelika engxenyeni yesibili ka YaseVietnam.

iraba Yemvelo ngo-1939 waba lezimpahla zamasu kanye lokuthumela ke kusukela amakoloni British kunzima kakhulu. Esikhathini ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa izingxenye ngaphambilini ezenziwe kusukela kule polymer zemvelo, sesiqale zisebenzisa inayiloni. Lokhu ixazululwe udaba zizivikele, amathe izicathulo of amasosha kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi.

Ngekhulu xxi babebaningi izindlela lobuchwepheshe, okuyinto dlule zukulwane ungalokothi ngiphuphe. Ngemva kokusungulwa radars compact ogibele indiza, imikhumbi nezikhali ezicitshwayo, kwaphakama umbuzo yokudala radome. Metal, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, le njongo akudingekile, ke ivikela isignali. Ngokuvamile kulezi izimo, i-polyester noma inayiloni.

Nalapha nezingubo

Ukumelana Amanzi nesithunzi, kanye nokuntuleka izingubo ezenziwe kusukela webs polymeric. Ukungakwazi kokusetshenzisiwe ukuba "ukuphefumula" ukudala eziningi ngokungalungile, izinto "iflothi." Nokho, lokhu onjiniyela inkinga baye bafunda ukulwa, ukudala ulwelwesi kanye izinto perforated. inayiloni Modern - indwangu zobuchwepheshe, ngezinye izikhathi uyakwazi unilaterally enze conductivity yamanzi molecule esitebeleni (ngokungafani kuya analogue 40-60 yalolucwaningo) ukuze yelanga nokushisa.

Nokho, lapho behlanza izingubo ezenziwe le nto kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inayiloni kakhulu kabi ukubekezelela ukuchayeka chlorine eziqukethwe izimpushana eziningi. Kakhulu ngokucophelela udinga zisebenze ayina. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi amaphutha silungiswa ngokushesha imizamo bamakhemikhali, bocwepheshe usebenza amafemu esikhiqiza le nto.