Njengoba amangqamuzana amasha akhiwa ngokusebenzisa mitosis: izici inqubo Inani

Elinye lamaphuzu edumile cell imfundiso yokuziphendukela isakhiwo isitatimende mayelana nokubonakala amangqamuzana amasha emthonjeni, ie umzali. Kodwa kungase kwenzeke ngezindlela ezimbili. Omunye wabo mitosis. He is kubalulekile inqubo kabusha zazo siqu. Maphi amaseli akhiwa ngokusebenzisa mitosis, yini inombolo yabo kanye izici inqubo - konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

iseli umjikelezo

Iseli kwanoma iyiphi umzimba okwazi ekhona igebe phakathi ezimbili ukuchotshozwa yayo noma kusukela ekuqaleni kwenqubo kuze kube okwamanje sokufa. Lesi sinyathelo isikhathi umjikelezo cell. Lufaka izinyathelo inqubo ethile isikhawu esiphakathi kwabo, lapho libizwa interphase sokuhlukanisa. Kule nkathi ukukhula cell kanye kumiswa izakhi.

Kodwa enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yinqubo Ukubuyelela kabili macromolecules DNA. Kukhona ngekhodi lonke ulwazi zofuzo engqamuzaneni.

Kangakanani cell division

Nge meiosis wande isidoda esibelethweni. Ingqikithi yale nqubo Ukwakheka kwezitho gametes ezine haploid kusukela cell umama neqoqo double lezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke kubizwa ngokuthi meiosis. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngesikhathi ukuzalanisa ubulili amaseli, umzimba omusha, equkethe nengxenye ulwazi zofuzo kusuka umama nobaba. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi gametes kukhona haploid.

Maphi amaseli akhiwa ngokusebenzisa mitosis? Impendulo elula diploid, okungukuthi, nge double-chromosome isethi. Le nqubo nakho kubalulekile. Into wukuthi ngenxa mitosis ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana kukhona ikhophi esiqondile umzali. Bonke bangabangasokile ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.

Izigaba mitosis

Inqubo ukwakha entsha cell ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo kuhlanganisa izigaba eziningana. Ubude yabo jikelele, kuye ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo umzimba kuhluka kwamaminithi ambalwa amahora ambalwa.

Esigabeni sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi prophase. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona intambo chromatin compaction, ukuncishiswa nucleoli, mitotic lokuphotha kumiswa. igobolondo core disintegrates ngenxa Ama-chromosomes e ukuwela cytoplasm.

Isigaba sesibili ubizwa ngokuthi metaphase. essence yayo itholakala ukwakhiwa chromosome indiza efanayo futhi zinamathele kubo izindikimba uthi lokuphotha. Lokhu kulandelwa anaphase, okuyinto esigabeni esifushane kakhulu. Ngenxa mitosis ekhiqizwa bakheké ngokuphelele indodakazi amaseli. Le nqubo izophela isinyathelo telophase. Ngesikhathi chromosome efanayo dispiralized. Sekusele kancane ayibonakali ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu ukukhanya. Ngokulandelayo, mayelana chromatids uqala ukwakha umongo igobolondo futhi sokuhlukanisa lokuphotha ubalekela kancane kancane.

Bangaki amaseli ezakhiwe mitosis

Mitosis njengoba indlela nokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana eukaryotic yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi ngokwemvelo. Yokutakula izingxenye elahlekile noma ezilimele somzimba yingenxa yale nqubo. Ngenxa yalokho lamaseli mitosis ezimbili indodakazi akhiwa ongayedwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa kabili le molecule e-DNA ku interphase lomjikelezo cell, basalelwe diploid chromosome isethi.

Mitosis - ngesisekelo zonke izinhlobo ukuveza asexual: vegetative - ezitshalweni, cell division zibe izingxenye ezimbili - i-elula, multi-yokuhlukanisa - the amagciwane umalaleveva, spore - isikhunta ezinjengohlinzamfuku, luthela - coelenterates.

Ukubaluleka begazi mitosis

Amaseli akhiwa ngokusebenzisa mitosis ne-chromosome efanayo setha njengoba umzali. Ngenxa yalokho inqubo ngokudlulisela ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, akunandaba division eziningi kanjani unomphela iyiphi kwenziwe. Kule nqubo engazange ishintshe futhi inani lezakhi zofuzo, kanye ukulandelana nucleotide e molecule e-DNA.

Ngakho, ngenxa mitosis kusukela kuseli eyodwa kwakhiwa indodakazi ezimbili ngubani ukuphindaphinda ngokugcwele yasekuqaleni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza karyotypes futhi imfuneko ukuba khona zonke izinto eziphilayo kuyo yonke inkathi ukuthuthukiswa yabo ngabanye kanye zomlando.