Nitrate - kuyini? Nitrate: ifomula ukulungiselela, isicelo, isenzo

Phakathi ulwazi inkinga umsoco ofanele, ungakhetha ingxenye, okwembula umthelela umzimba womuntu izinto ezifana nitrate. nethonya lazo impilo yethu edidayo. Kanjani hhayi kokukhumbula isisho esaziwayo of Paracelsus: "Konke ushevu konke imithi; noma ngabe owenza kuphela umthamo. " Ngempela, umzimba efanele kumele abe khona kuwo cytoplasm CHA ₃ anions amaseli ^- CHA ₄ ^+. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokweqile compounds eliqukethe la ma-athomu e ukudla kuyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Indima nitric acid nosawoti, ukulungiselela yabo, ama-nitrate nama isicelo ezocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

nitrate isimo e Ukwahlukaniswa izinto wezinto

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi nitric usawoti acid, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini - kuba nitrate. Kuyini nitrate ayaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Kubonakala, ngakho-chemistry ngaphambili ayebizwa ngokuthi izinto ezikhethekile - nitric usawoti acid. singakghona uzwa igama elithi isetshenziswa umquba wamakhemikhali. I ion nitrate nitrate elihlobene ne potassium cations, i-calcium, i-sodium ne-ammonium. Zimelela nosawoti isilinganiso. Kwavela ukuthi nitrate sodium, potassium nezinye nosawoti uma ukufuthelana ukubola, lapho imikhiqizo ukuphendula zincike iyiphi ingxenye seka engqamuzaneni. Ngakho, ama-nitrate nama, okuyinto Kano ifomula ₃ noma Nano _3, kuthiwa thermally ukubola kuya esihambelanayo-mpilo mahhala futhi nitrite futhi nitrate lapho ukufuthelana amafomu a magnesium oxide, nitrogen dioxide ne-oksijini.

Ukuthola ama-nitrate

Indlela eyisisekelo - ukucutshungulwa amaminerali yemvelo eziqukethe nitric usawoti acid. Ngakho, nitrate Chilean, okuyinto nitronatrit amaminerali - omunye wemithombo eyinhloko irisidi yabo. Ngo izitshalo, umanyolo umkhakha idwala equkethe sodium nitrate, futhi fake ziyacolwa ngefomu ezipakishiwe olunikezwe yi ipulazi wezolimo njengo manyolo nitrogen. Isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhula mass vegetative yemifino, okusanhlamvu nezithelo izitshalo, kanye ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wabo. I nitric acid nosawoti laboratory okulungiselelwe exchange ukusabela phakathi acid alikhali futhi nitric noma ukusabela kwensimbi nge kanzulu HNO _3. Ukusetshenziswa nitrogen umquba, ezifana potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, - imfuneko esitebeleni ezithela eliphezulu izitshalo ezinkulu.

izimo Agronomic of nitrogen kokukhulelwa (nitrate)

Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhambisana ethula izidakamizwa wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke enhlabathini. Ngokwesibonelo, i-nitrate ammonium equkethe-35% we-nitrogen, izinga avumelekile yini abangaphezu kuka-25 grams per square imitha. Calcium nitrate, okuhlanganisa kuze kube 15.5% nitrogen yethulwa ngesilinganiso 50 g ngalinye 1 m. Bika imithetho agronomic nitric efaka umquba izitshalo hhayi kuphela kuholela inhlabathi ukungcola wehlise umsebenzi walo ekunciphiseni kodwa futhi lokuhlushwa esiyingozi compounds ezifana nitrate nezithelo. Kule ndaba sizogxila.

Nitrate singene izitshalo

Ake sicabangele lokho izindlela ufake inhlabathi nitrate ukuthi ezifana pre-ukuhlwanyela ukwenza, umanyolo ukuziqalela futhi sigqoka top. Kwezolimo, umanyolo main ukuchitha entwasahlobo ngesikhathi esifanayo unake indlela yokwakheka inhlabathi nesimo sezulu izici. Inhloso - ukuqinisekisa ukunikezela i-nitrogen izitshalo ngesikhathi yokukhula.

Uma usebenzisa ukuqala indlela nitrate isicelo ngqo emithonjeni imigqa noma usebenzisa ama-nitrate nama ngemithamo okuncane "ayishise" izimpande ethambile abatshalwé izithombo. Ukuvundiswa Kwenziwa ngesikhathi ukumuncwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezakhi yizimila. It wenziwa ngendlela amasiko vegetative noma impande yokudla izixazululo nitrate. Umhlabathi substrate ammonium ion noma nitrate ion basuke kalula amuncwa okusheshayo futhi impande izinwele ukungena okwengeziwe xylem. It siqukethe izingxenye isitshalo conductive. Ngo gymnosperms tracheids, futhi ngesikhathi zezimbali - imikhumbi (kuqhoqhoqho). Athomu nitrogen ayingxenye nitrate, afakiwe nase-Calvin umjikelezo Kwenziwa esigabeni amnyama ye-photosynthesis, futhi kufakwe kamuva kule kwemiqondo amino acid kanye okwengeziwe ukuze namaprotheni atholakala emifinweni.

Okuqukethwe eyingozi ngokweqile nitric acid nosawoti

Uma lokuhlushwa zezakhi ngenhla idlula umkhawulo kuvunyelwe, linganquma idivayisi sokulinganisa nitrate emikhiqizweni. Kuyinto ayatholakala emakhemisi futhi lisetshenziswa emikhayeni eminingi sengqondo wemfanelo maqondana nempilo yabo. Ucwaningo of Medicine luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngokweqile HNO ₃ usawoti esikhathini emathunjini ipheshana is kuguquka nitrite. Bona ngalesi siyingi kubangele ubuhlungu ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila we isisu duodenum, symptomatically wabonakaliswa izenzakalo of dyspepsia futhi ukudla okunobuthi. Futhi wathola ukuthi usawoti ngokweqile HNO ₂ okukhipha izinso okubi, ngakho buthelela ku parenchyma kwezinso. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinso zidlala indima ebalulekile umzimba futhi kukhuthaza imikhiqizo eyingozi umzimba. Encishisiwe kwezinso filtration umsebenzi inkinga kuyingozi kakhulu okubangelwa ushevu nosawoti of nitric futhi acid oxide. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa nitrate okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe umkhiqizo nayo inenkinga futhi isibindi, detoxication kungenye umzimba. umonakalo zayo nitrate kubabangele lilimele kakhulu kuze angakwazi hepatocytes e nezicubu adipose.

Oxygen yokulamba kwezicubu ngenxa ubuthi by nitrate

Umsoco (amafutha, carbohydrate) zingagcinwa njengoba umthombo reserve amandla futhi kancane kancane sokudliwa emzimbeni. Yingakho indoda iyakwazi izinsuku 5-7 nakudla. Kodwa umoya-mpilo, ngokungafani kuya-carbohydrate kanye amafutha, ayikwazi inakekelwa unomphela kumaseli noma izicubu, ngakho hypoxia kungakapheli imizuzu 5-15 kubangela ukufa amangqamuzana obuchopho kuqala, bese wonke umzimba womuntu owakheke ngayo iyonke. I sobala unganakile nitrate okungenangozi e izithelo, imifino, avalele usana ifomula kungabangela kubhujiswa lesi uchungechunge zokuphefumula ku mitochondria, ukuphazamisa ukuxhumana sombala kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu --hemoglobin - i-molecule umoya-mpilo.

Futhi ukuvimbela ukudluliswa yayo kwezitho nezicubu. Ngakho-ke, lo lokuhlushwa ngokweqile cytosol lamaseli compounds ezifana nitrate (ifomula - Me (CHA ₃₎ N ₁₎ kungaholela emibi imisebenzi efana izinhlelo bokuphila ezifana wokugaya ukudla, excretory futhi ethukile.

Yini imikhiqizo ingase ingcoliswe nitric acid nosawoti

Abantu abaningi babe isamba ngokweqile lezi zinto lihlotshaniswa imifino noma izithelo, ezifana ikhabe, amazambane, radishes noma strawberry. Kodwa-ke kuvela ukuthi ukungcoliswa umhlabathi namanzi ikakhulukazi nitrogen umquba, efika khona ngokuqondene ukuhlukumeza ka bethula isigijimi, luhambisana nomthwalo ngqo "sokulungisa nitrate" umthambo esilwaneni isilwane. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa engalawuliwe engenangqondo nitrate kuholela okuqukethwe kwabo okusezingeni eliphezulu imikhiqizo yezilwane: inyama, ubisi, ngisho uju. Sishaye izitshalo isitshalo-uju (nokunye okufana nokolweni, canola) izixazululo of nitric acid nosawoti njengoba Umanyolo liquid kuholela ubuthi kanye nemikhiqizo bee.

Indlela ukucacisa okuqukethwe nitric acid nosawoti imikhiqizo

Ake sibone, ukuthi kuncane kangakanani kungafundwa mayelana lokuhlushwa compounds izakhi ezifana nitrate. Uyini-nitrate umhloli, sihlolisise. Ukuze ukuthola ubukhona nitric acid nosawoti, udinga babebacwilisa uphenyo ikhabe ithuluzi uginindela noma omunye umkhiqizo. Kudivayisi unezitho ezimbili: emihle nemibi. Futhi nitrate ngokwayo inquma conductivity yesixazululo cell ubisi. Imiphumela etholwe eqhathaniswa MPC test umkhiqizo, futhi idivayisi sokulinganisa nitrate emikhiqizweni ubonisa yi okuqukethwe usawoti mg / kg. efiselekayo Ikakhulukazi uvivinya ukudla elisetshenziswa ekudleni abantwana abancane, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating, futhi abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona of nezinso pheshana emathunjini.

Ubuthi nitric acid nosawoti kanye nokuvinjelwa yayo

Inani Eliphakeme kubikwa lokudakwa elihlobene ne ubuthi nosawoti of nitric acid, sidlulile ekupheleni ebusika - kwentwasahlobo. Ngenxa kwelanga amandla kusilela, umzimba womuntu esikhathini siyidinga amavithamini eziqukethwe imifino kanye nezithelo. Ngakho-ke, nezitolo ezinkulu hhayi lidala abamba ukushisa ukhukhamba, utamatisi, okubabayo ukunambitheka isinongo (isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, parsley, dill) kanye sitrobheli. Agrotechnologies kulinywe yabo ikhona enikeza isicelo esiyisibopho izinto ezifana nitrate. Kuyini umquba amaminerali kanye ngokweqile yabo kuthinta umzimba womuntu, sesivele esisanda kuxoxa ngazo. Manje sizogxila amathekhiniki usizo lokuqala ukuthi kungadambisa isimo lesiguli kanye nezimpawu ye-nitrate ubuthi. Into yokuqala ntombazane ukuhlanza ukuze ususe kusukela esiswini umkhiqizo anobuthi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phuza uketshezi esetshenziswa. Khona-ke, ukudla izidakamizwa chelators bese uqhubeke athobele umbuso amanzi-usawoti. Ngokuba izimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana igazi ongaphakeme ingcindezi, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuquleka kubangelwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kanye nezinso, kufanele ngokushesha shayela "ambulensi."