Ngubani Boris Godunov? Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov

abantu Modern neze kubangele ubunzima umbuzo othi, "Ngubani Boris Godunov?". Too eyaziwa kahle igama layo nendawo matasa uchungechunge nezinye autocrats Russian. Kodwa lokho ukuhlolwa siqu lokhu uhlamvu zomlando ukhombise impilo ngokuvamile impikiswano. Ekhokha intela kwabase-ingqondo zomphakathi kanye umugqa kwezombangazwe, okwakusho iminyaka eyikhulu kwandulelwe izinguquko kaPetru mina, ngokuvamile osolwa yokuqhwaga amandla ngisho nezinsana. Personality Boris Godunov okuyisihloko mpikiswano ngaphezu kwezinsuku zokugcina emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Indlela ukuze amandla

Ngokusho yetinsita Godunov ozalwa evela omunye wezikhulu eziningi Tatar, ngesikhathi Ivana Kality bazinza eMoscow futhi wakhonza njengephayona Grand Duke ngokwethembeka. umbusi wesikhathi esizayo Russia ngokwayo, uBoris Feodorovich Godunov, indaba yakhe etholakala ukuphila isibonelo ukusuka yezenhlalakahle okungavamile, yazalwa ngo-1552 emndenini Umninindawo encane Viazemsky wesifunda. Uma bekungelona yisikhohliso, igama lakhe wawungeke uvele kwi amakhasi omlando kazwelonke.

Kodwa njengoba wazi, uma uyabathanda labo bazi kanjani ukuyisebenzisa. nje Boris abasha futhi ohahela isikhundla wayengomunye walabo abantu. Wasebenzisa kwethonya umalume wakhe, owaba ngezikhathi Ivana Groznogo omunye inkosi icishe ilingane, futhi, ngokujoyina kwababusi nonogada owashiya emlandweni umzila amnyama kanye kwegazi, wenza ilungiselelo autocrat, wamshaya esiyingini sakhe sangaphakathi. Lapho waba indodana-Malyuta Skuratov - omunye ezinamandla kakhulu futhi amalungu banengeke kakhulu elite kwenkathi - isikhundla salo ngokuqondile ukuqiniswa.

Ukufa inkosi, engayitshelanga kwavulela amathemba amasha Boris

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuze esivelele amandla kwaba umshado umshana wakhe Irene ne indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, indodana ka-internet Ivana Groznogo, isikhulu Limp futhi ebuthaka Fedor. Lokhu kwavumela zomninindawo encane Viazemskii baba enye yamadoda anamandla esikhathini esiningi. Izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuthi zokuphila kwakhe yinkosi abanenkani futhi autocratic neminyaka yokugcina wathatha iningi izinqumo bedle Godunov.

Kodwa ngempela isikhathi Borisa Godunova waqala ngemva kokufa Ivan le Kubi futhi ukubusa kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi indodana yakhe. Wamukele umqhele wobukhosi phezu komthetho ngokulandelana, Fedor ayikwazanga elawula izwe esenziwa retardation engokwengqondo umkhandlu Regency lamiswa ukuba enze lo msebenzi. Ngo-umthetho zenkosi abasha awuzange azifaka kuwo, kodwa ngu zonke izinhlobo wezingobe udala cishe kwaholela isimo zonke eminyakeni eyishumi nane we ngumkhwenyana.

Imizamo ye-kahle umbuso

Lesi yisikhathi imakwe ngabaningi nakangaka yakhe ezithuthukayo. Ngenxa Godunov Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia baba autocephalous. Kwakuthinta eliholwa inzalamizi uJobe, futhi lokho kwenza isithunzi global yezwe. Phakathi isimo eminyakeni kuyinto ukwakhiwa zenzeka kabanzi yemizi nezinqaba. umbusi Intelligent nabanokuqonda Godunov ababemenywe phesheya, abakhi abanamakhono kakhulu, okuyinto anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa bokwakha yasekhaya.

Enhloko-dolobha yakhe ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yamandulo kwangena ngaleso sikhathi yinganekwane emisha - amanzi, ifakwe amaphampu kanye ukuxhuma River Moskva nge egcekeni esitebeleni. Ukuze ivikele lo muzi ekuhlaselweni Tatar Ukuhlasela Godunov devyatikilometrovoy okuqaliswe ukwakhiwa kodonga White City futhi ulayini izinqaba ukuthi babeyizinceku esizeni lanamuhla Garden Ring. Siyabonga kubo, inhlokodolobha ophulwa ngesikhathi egasele Khan Kazi Giray e 1591.

Ukufa uyindlalifa usana isihlalo sobukhosi

Futhi ngo 1591, umcimbi iphutha okwaphumela impikiswano yokuthi ubani Boris Godunov-Russia - izuzisa noma a villain, kuze kube namuhla, awukwazi ukuthola impendulo ecacile. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngomhlaka 11 kuMrhayili ngaphansi kwezimo ongaqondakali futhi simbe namanje wabulala uthunjana Ivana Groznogo - Tsarevich Dimitri, obhekwa njengoba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi Godunov eside ngiphupha esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso, futhi amahemuhemu ke ethandwa yamemezela ibangelwa yakhe felony.

It akaphinda wamsiza futhi esiphethweni salo myalo uphenyo ethunyelwe Uglich, lapho inhlekelele iphutha. Ngeze uSihlalo walo, Prince Vasily Shumsky, ngokuthi imbangela yokufa kwaba ingozi. Lokhu wamane baqinise kokuqagela ukuthi isigodlo Kwasetshenziswa itulo ekubekweni umgabadeli nengane-ababulali - boyar Godunov. Ngisho ipumelelo inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye esibuyiswe ukuba phansi elahlekile phakathi neMpi Livonian, akazange ashintshe yobutha jikelele.

iphupho

Ngo-September 1598 (Godunova Borisa Fedorovicha Biography - ubufakazi ngqo) ukuphila lowo muntu eshintshile evele - ngemva kokufa Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Zemsky Sobor wamnika ubudala isigqoko Monomakh. Ngaqala ngokubala kokubusa iminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala inqubomgomo entsha kaKesari ke yayihloselwe rapprochement ne West, onikeza ilungelo ukuhlala ukufana yayo nge ibhodi autocrat ikusasa uPetru mina, nekuwusebentisa ngokugcwele.

Njengomhlaba inverter esizayo Russia, Godunov bazama ukubandakanya izikhonzi zayo ukuba impumelelo impucuko izwe. Kuze kube yimanje, wabhalisela ukuthunyelelwa eMoscow kunabantu abaningi bezinye izizwe abashiya i isinyathelo umlando kamuva yezwe. Phakathi kwabo, kanye ososayensi kanye abaklami Kwakukhona abameleli bomphakathi zokuhweba, owaba abasunguli imikhaya abadumile yomthengisi. Ngazuza le nqubomgomo kanye ibutho isiRashiya, ingenza ochwepheshe abaningi bezinye izizwe lempi.

Aphikisayo - imfihlo futhi esobala

Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke nakangaka ezinhle zombuso wenkosi, abaphikisi bakhe zezombusazwe e ebusweni boyars lasendulo ulwe zafuna ukugumbuqela lo mbusi uyazondwa. Bona ngasese obala wazama okuphikisana nazo zonke izenzo zakhe. Lapho 1601 kuleli zwe kwakukhona isomiso esinzima, eyathatha iminyaka emithathu unosshaya izimpilo izinkulungwane zabantu, le boyars ukusakaza inzwabethi phakathi kwabantu ukuthi isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu ngenxa yegazi lika-ezingenacala Tsarevich Dmitry.

Ukuzama ukuba simelane izitha zawo ezifuywayo Godunov kwadingeka iphendukele ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Izicukuthwane Ayemaningi kuleyo minyaka, yakhiwe noma bathunjwe. Kodwa babe nezihlobo zabo ababemzonda inkosi futhi bamele engozini enkulu ngaye. Futhi wazama noma akha against Boris amnyama uquqaba.

Sad ukuphila isiphetho nokubusa

Amashwa esiyinhloko kuye kwaba ukubukeka Dmitry Amanga, ukuzenza waphunyuka Tsarevich Dimitri. Pretender yonke indawo ekusakazeni ukwaziswa okungamanga ngoFakazi lapho ayekhona ukuthi ngingubani. Boris Godunov, okusemandleni, wazama ukumelana, kodwa imizamo yakhe yayiyize - ukuphikiswa akwenzele umsebenzi walo. Abantu kalula babekholelwa eqanjiwe distributable ngaye futhi bamzonda.

Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov igcina eziningi izimfihlakalo. Omunye wabo kwezimo sokufa kwakhe, kamuva Apreli 13, 1605. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impilo yombusi ngalesi sikhathi, wayazi kahle basibukela phansi ukukhathala nokucindezeleka sezinzwa, kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukufa Boris wawunobudlova. abacwaningi ngamunye futhi sikubheka njengempahla Ukuhamba zokuzithandela ezivela ekuphileni.

Amaphuzu amaningi athintiwe aphathelene nalelo, hhayi abavamile, wake waphila ngempela namanje elinde Ukusabalala yabo. Thina kuphela okukha phezulu ukuthi ubani Boris Godunov, kodwa yini engaphambili ekujuleni ubuntu bakhe enezici kufihlakele emehlweni ethu.