Ngayiphi unyaka yasungulwa ukuntweza igiya? Ubani owasungula ukuntweza igiya?

amathuluzi eminingi yanamuhla futhi kudingekile kakhulu yasungulwa kudala. Thina, abantu abasebenzisa lezi zinto empilweni, ngezinye izikhathi abazi ukuthi wasebenza phezu imiklamo yabo by uLeonardo da Vinci. Kuze kube manje kunzima ukutshela okuyinto yasungulwa ukuntweza igiya. abaqambi Abaningi uzamile ukuze kubukeke kanjalo, njengoba siwubona namuhla.

Imininingwane zomlando

Inkinga ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi umuntu othakazelayo isikhathi eside. Nezwe odumile umculi, anatomist, unjiniyela indoda kuhlakulelwe ngokugcwele, uLeonardo da Vinci, kakhulu, wafuna ukudala isakhiwo ayezosenza ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Da Vinci wazalwa ngo 1452. Ungacabanga yini inomlando omude has ukuntweza igiya. Ngempela, snorkel diver kusungulwe umculi omkhulu Yenguquko.

Lapho evakashele Da Vinci Venice iSigele idolobha wamcela ukuba beveza kudivayisi ukuhlasela imikhumbi isitha emanzini bobabili. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi unyaka yasungulwa ukuntweza igiya, kodwa-ke lapho umculi uye wazakhela isethi okhethekile diving, eyayihlanganisa buso, ezimbili mhlanga amapayipi kanye diving bell, eyenziwe ukhokho. Air kufakwa tube ngokusebenzisa le insimbi, okuyinto wahamba phezu kwamanzi. ULeonardo da Vinci owasungula le tube manje abadumile ezimise J-. ubude balo 61 cm, kwadingeka ukubhukuda eduze kwamanzi, kodwa ukujabulela ngokugcwele ke enganikanga ubuhle bomhlaba kwamanzi kungenzeka. Da Vinci yasungulwa futhi ubhaka, nomoya. Ngazakhela futhi isizinda - kuphela babengakholwa ohloselwe izinyawo isandla.

Charles Spalding noMaurice Fernez

Omunye wake waphila ngempela ubani nomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono design Aqualung - Charles Spaulding. Yena wayengumbulali chef khekhe kanye wahlala e-Edinburgh. Kodwa ngaphezu bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye unjiniyela kanye amateur: Spalding wenze izinguquko eziningi ewusizo zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi insimbi. Washona ngenkathi diving e Dublin Bay 1783.

Maurice Fernez - kuba engumFulentshi owasungula respirators, igesi buso kanye ngcono kwamanzi ukuphefumula kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Uye ifakwe nezigqoko eyodwa valve, waba nengxenye ekudalweni kwazo imishini azimele wodwa ngoba diving ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Nokho, kungani emhlabeni babekholelwa ukuthi umsunguli we Aqualung kuyinto Jacques Iv Kusto? Ukuthi abatshuzi bayabonga igiya ukuntweza, esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke namuhla.

Ukuthuthukiswa Rukeroylya Deneyruza

Emuva ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye Rukeroyl Deneyruz sazama ukwakha umshini ezinjalo, okwakuyoholela ukunciphisa ingcindezi kumuntu ukujula. Benzé ngokuzimela kanye babengakujwayele. ulwelwesi Aqine bavunyelwe donsa umoya ethangini ukuze ziphefumule - emanzini. Idivayisi Kwatholakala ehloniphekile, kodwa namanje zazinezinkinga eziningi: akubi ezizimele futhi zithembele osizweni hose, okuyinto enikeziwe emoyeni ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Baningi abaqambi abasebenze nemishini scuba diver. Phela, uye washintsha wonke imvunulo lapho diver eshona, kanye buso futhi isudi, ngisho emaphikweni. Ngamunye kunomthelela ekuphuculeni Aqualung. Kodwa into - ukuthi umzuzwana ukuthi lihlotshaniswa umgudu wokuphefumula, esinikela emoyeni diver. I ngomnikelo omncane esethula yesazi solwandle abadumile French - owasungula le Aqualung, esetshenziselwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Iv Kusto futhi Gagnan

Isiphathiswa abasha Cousteau waganwa indodakazi yomnikazi Nhlangano "Air Liquide". uyise lomkakhe enikeziwe isizo leemali kilabo Cousteau ucwaningo kanye wamethula ubhoko inkampani wobunjiniyela. Bekanye Emil Gagnan, unjiniyela Corporation, wasebenza igiya ukuntweza, lapho umgudu wokuphefumula ngokuzenzakalelayo enikeziwe emoyeni ingcindezi oyifunayo. Air supply iphutha ngasiphi ukujula. Kuyinto lokhu ukuthuthukiswa wanikeza induduzo diver kanye nokwenzeka kohambo olude.

Ngo-1943, it wenziwa isivivinyo yomculo eMfuleni Marne. Ehlobo lika-Jacques-Iv Kusto Waqhubeka ukuzwa kakade emanzini asolwandle. Ngemva kokuchitha ezimbalwa ezenezelwe, Cousteau aletha amaqophelo ezingxenye zesifundo, manje okuthiwa Aqualung. Futhi igama yomthetho - Aqua Lung. Emazweni amaningi, imishini enjalo ubizwa ngokuthi "Scuba» - Scuba.

Manje akukho ukungabaza ngokuthi ubani owavela yesimanje ukuntweza igiya. Cousteau emva ncwadi yanyatheliswa, "Umhlaba Wokuthula", ngo-1953, i-unit ithole igama Aqua Lung. Manje Corporation "Air Liquide" ephethwe amalungelo ukukhiqizwa zonke izinhlobo kwemishini for diving.

"Ngena esosweni"

Kwacaca ngalokho yasungulwa ukuntweza igiya, okuyinto esetshenziswa yesimanje abatshuzi abatshuzi. Kwaba ngo-1943, futhi Iv Kusto phelelisa yona isimo samanje. Kodwa lokhu akulona nje okomnikelo yesazi solwandle French ekudaleni amadivayisi ngokucwiliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lingelikaJehova kokusungulwa endlini kwamanzi "diving esosweni" bona wathwebula i uchungechunge ezithakazelisayo mayelana nezwe kwamanzi.

Abaningi bazibuza owasungula ukuntweza "diving esosweni"? Futhi abanye namanje abazi ukuthi umkhumbi ngesikebhe esincane kakhulu, okuyinto wethiwa esosweni. Cousteau - is addicting imvelo: othanda kolwandle, wakha izindlu kwamanzi, wafunda ulimi izinhlanzi. Wathweswa iziqu ngokuthi i-Naval Academy futhi kwakufanele akhe isikhulu umsebenzi. Kodwa-ke wacela elinye passion - lena izimoto ezemidlalo. Okujabulisayo nabo kwaba inhlekelele kuye - yayinendodakazi ingozi eyodwa yazo, futhi kwadingeka ukuba aphathwe isikhathi eside, futhi ubuyisele impilo. Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi eduze nolwandle, ukubhukuda kanti akwazi nokuya ngoba nokuvulwa umzimba, Cousteau ungeke ucabange bona ngaphandle kwalasha.

lezimbali

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa, isintu sisebenzela ukuthuthukisa apharathasi for diving, kuyafaneleka ukuthi umnyombo kokusungulwa basonta uLeonardo da Vinci Jacques Iv Kusto. Ngaphandle amashubhu ukuphefumula da Vinci kwakungeke kwaqhubeka lapho ukuqhubeka Aqualung. Futhi ngaphandle uhlelo akhiwa Cousteau, bekungeke kube khona ukwenza yehle ngo off-line bese ibe ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyinto isikhathi eside.

Ngayiphi unyaka yasungulwa ukuntweza igiya? Lo mbuzo asikho impendulo eyodwa. Ukuthuthukiswa emakhulwini eminyaka ahlukene Kwalo uye wathatha ingxenye eningi abaqambi futhi onjiniyela. Nika umuntu oyedwa entendeni ungafuni: into esemqoka ukuthi manje kukhona ithekhniki le kuvumela ukuthi ukuhlola izwe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lokhu kuzosiza ososayensi, abavubukuli ukwazi izimfihlo kufihlwe kumuntu ngesikhathi kwezilwandle izilwandle ukujula.