Neoclassicism bokwakha: izakhiwo ezidumile abaklami

Buyela canons lasendulo zobuciko kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Too enhle nobunye bakhela, ebaziwe, imidwebo kwesikhathi classical. Shiya isikhathi eside emlandweni art libizwa neoclassicism ngenxa ukuvuselelwa izimiso ubuhle kanye nenguquko wabo lasendulo ngaphansi kwethonya ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Neoclassicism bokwakha isebenza kancane ehlukile emazweni ahlukene aseYurophu. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile nokuchazwa izimiso zakudala abaklami Russian yabonisa.

isici esiyingqayizivele

umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko izakhiwo neo-classic wabona ukubuya ezimpandeni isiko European. Ukuqala abavubukuli kwa eGreece nase-Italy ngekhulu XVII iye yabangela esijulile of abaklami ezimisweni abaklami lasendulo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuveleni isitayela, ngokuthi classicism, okuyinto eba futhi kancane kancane siguqulelwa neoclassicism. Sici Its main Kuhlobana yesiko nge esivaliwe romantic. Ngaphambi kokuthi lama izitayela ezimbili ncintisana each nye, kodwa ekugcineni wathola eziningi lokho enivumelana ngako.

izakhiwo Non-classical babe kalula okukhulu, umusa neqondile eqhathaniswa zabuna. Ingabe futhi neoclassicism kuyinto ngokukhethekile emkhosini ngezabelo, isifiso sokuthwala abantu monumentality, ngisho pomposity. Architects hhayi kuphela ikopishwe uhlelo umyalelo lasendulo, kodwa bavame ukwenza amanothi amasha. Ngokwesibonelo, yaseGibhithe noma Etruscan. Isitayela libhekene ukuzibamba ngisho okukhulu. Ziyamangalisa, emikhulu izakhiwo oluxube Greek - eliphikisa neo-classic isitayela izakhiwo.

Periodization ka neoclassicism bokwakha

Igama elithi "neo-classic" izakhiwo anezinye nakusoleka. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa izindlela European futhi Russian ekwabiweni nezikhathi zayo. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ke bamukela classicism ehlukile (XVII ekhulwini) kanye neo-classic (Engxenyeni yesibili XVIII, isitayela Louis 16 - lesithathu lokuqala XIX). Ezweni lethu, isimo Kuthi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia kanye eJalimane, kulokhu nje kubhekwe classicism. Futhi ngaphansi izakhiwo ezintsha zakudala kwakusho ukuphela XIX - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. ERussia, lapho neoclassicism yayidumile kakhulu futhi kuzuzisa ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezintathu.

Okokuqala, umugqa XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, nguye owasungula njengempendulo inhlekelele yesimanjemanje. Ukunqamulela kwalo uyaphikisana ngokweqile zokuhlobisa Art Nouveau. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona retrospectivism mkhuba efuna ukuvuseleleka olinganise zakudala kanye sakhiwo. Eyesibili isikhathi - iminyaka 1930 kwekhulu XX. ERussia futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i -Empire kaStalin. Wazihlanganisa izici Baroque of classicism, Art Nouveau futhi izakhi izikole izakhiwo kazwelonke. Eyesithathu - 1950. Yena ikakhulukazi nobuntu bokwakha American, bafumana incarnation elula zabo ezintsha kanye namafomu omkhulukazi.

Neoclassicism bokwakha emhlabeni

Classicism kwaba enamandla kakhulu isitayela kwezobuciko. Wamukela bonke ubuciko. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kuye kwaholela ukuvela neoclassicism, elakhiwa hhayi ngomhla ka-mbumbulu okumsulwa imifanekiso lasendulo, futhi reinterpretation yabo. Isitayela nokuzala canons lasendulo, hlanganisa them okwatholakala yesimanje futhi abanye impumelelo kazwelonke. Izimiso babekwa emuva lé ekhulwini XVII ngu-Andrea Palladio, eyakha eziningi izakhiwo e Vicenza. Letakhi babé imodeli ngezizukulwane ezizayo abaklami. Yena wavusa isithakazelo reception of abaklami lasendulo futhi akuphelanga emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Izakhiwo zokuqala e "neo-classic" isitayela abobunjwa ziyalingana, imigqa amakholomu, enophahla oluyingungu futhi mbumbulu unxande uvele France. Kamuva, lo mkhuba wacosha abakhi kwamanye amazwe eYurophu. Kancane kancane "dokatyvayutsya" eMelika. Neoclassicism - kungcono isitayela ngisho ngempela. Kunalokho, iyinhlangano uhlobo mkhuba umcabango we abaklami yesikhathi esidlule. handling ngokucophelela amasiko osungulwe futhi ukwakhiwa on ngesisekelo kwabo izakhiwo zesimanje nge umklamo kanye ubuciko imibono emisha - kwazo kukhona izimiso zezomnotho neoclassical.

Neoclassicism eFrance

Eyokuqala neo-classic yobuciko yezakhiwo adalwa Claude LeDoux, owaqala umsebenzi wabo ngaphambi French Revolution. saltworks kwayo Arc-et-Senans, isakhiwo amasiko emnyango Paris, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi e Besancon savuka isiko isiGreki kwaphawula ukuqala enkathini izihlakaniphi French neo-classic izakhiwo. Omele edume kakhulu lokhu isitayela Jacques Ange Gabriel. Phakathi nawo-50s kwekhulu XVIII edala isakhiwo omangalisayo School Military at the Champ de Mars, omangalisayo Opéra Garnier, le Petit Trianon at Versailles, Concorde Square e-Paris phrojekthi. Umsebenzi wakhe waba bababonisi kwempahla neo-classicism eFrance.

Walandelwa eziningi abaklami abanamakhono ezakhiwa kule isitayela. It Nicolas de Maiziere, owadala emakethe okusanhlamvu, uJacques-Denis Antoine kanye Mint akhe okufuna ukuvelela loMfula i-Seine, Sharl De Wailly futhi ezinhle kakhulu yaseshashalazini "Odeon". Neoclassicism kuyigugu laseParis kuze kube manje. Ukwakha ngezinto ngezabelo obunobunye domes, porticos esingunxantathu namakholomu manje babe nokuziqhenya yayo.

Neoclassicism e-UK

Eminyakeni 60 bokwakha neo-classic XVIII leminyaka kwaba isitayela kunazo ukuphokophela eNgilandi. abasunguli balo abaklami ezimbili ezinkulu Robert Adamu no Uilyam Chembers. Bona, ngokungafani ozakwabo isiFulentshi, wakha izakhiwo ikakhulukazi yokuhlala. Adam ukuvakashela i-Italy, lapho njalo wamthanda izakhiwo lasendulo kanye nezakhiwo A. Palladio.

IsiZulu Neoclassicism babengafani umusa French kakhudlwana futhi kalula. Lapha, ukunakwa okukhulu sakhokhwa ingaphakathi, edume kakhulu okuyinto decor Syon House nge motifs Etruscan. I abazolandela yesiko British neo-classic kuyinto Dzhon Soun futhi Dzhordzh Dens. Bona bale midlalo uqhubeke "isitayela ka-Adamu." Ukwakhiwa Bank of England kanye ejele at Newgate babe izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zabantu nenhle neo-classic ngesiNgisi.

Ukusabalala neoclassicism eYurophu

abameleli Talented of neoclassicism babe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane, imisebenzi engcono kuleli isitayela kudala Karl Friedrich Schinkel. ekudalweni azinabo sikubeke kwenkathi ethile e neoclassicism. izakhiwo zawo ziyisikhumbuzo ubudala kanye Museum entsha e-Berlin guardroom kuthiwa ngobuhlakani reworked yokusondela amasu zakudala izinhlelo.

E-Italy, i-neoclassic safinyelela ngezabelo Amazing. A. Palladio, izakhiwo kokunethezeka e Venice, nase-Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini futhi iScala kukhona amapharele bokwakha emhlabeni. Kamuva, uMarcello Piacentini uye wakwazi ngendlela yakhe, ukuze bangazise incazelo amagugu ecebile bokwakha lasendulo futhi isitayela Palladian kwikota yokuqala ka-XX leminyaka. He qamba campus eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele eRoma futhi Victoria Square e Brescia.

neoclassicism Russian: Izici eziyinhloko

A indima ekhethekile lutholwa isitayela neoclassical bokwakha Russian. Isigaba sokuqala sihlobene sokunqoba crisis yesimanjemanje, ukubuya izimpande classical, kalula zokufuna. Ivan Fomin, uVladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky wahlanganyela ekutadisheni classical, ngezabelo segolide. Bona ukuhlola yobuciko yezakhiwo Italy naseFrance, kwetfula okutholakele izakhiwo zabo. Sigaba neoclassicism yesibili umsebenzi wokudala imisebenzi omangalisayo ekhazimulisa amandla uStalin. Izikhumbuzo nesikali zalezi zakhiwo namanje bayamangala abantu.

abaklami abadumile Russian

izakhiwo Russian bangaziqhayisa lonke Umthala abaculi oluvelele owayesebenza isitayela neoclassical. Umsunguli ubhekwa Ivan Fomin. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo enikelwe ekutadisheni izimiso classical isiko Russian. Ungumnikazi umsebenzi theory ukuthi ithethelele isitayela neo-classic, futhi ezifana izakhiwo abavelele Polovtseva endlini Petersburg Polytechnic Institute e-Ivanovo, isakhiwo eMoscow zaseSoviet eMoscow. Phakathi abakhi ababethi imibono zokuhlola ukuma neoclassical Zakharov, F. Lidval, St uSeraphim, A. Belogrud nabanye abaningi. Architects eMoscow futhi Petersburg nje kuphela babe ukuziqhenya kokubili izihloko isiRashiya, kodwa futhi wabeka izwi sokuthuthukisa ezinye amadolobha kuleli lizwe.

Neoclassicism ngesimo eMoscow

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Russia zingakhokhelwa manje ngeqholo sibonise yobuciko yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele isitayela neoclassical. Bobabili izinkathi lesi sitayela washiya uphawu abalulekile emigwaqweni. Moscow abaklami ngobuciko ehlotshisiwe idolobha ozithandayo. Phakathi kwezakhiwo enhle kakhulu kufanele ngokuthi ikhaya uhlanga umphakathi futhi "Indlu Tower" ku Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO inxuluma Mindovsky wezakhiwo UNikolai Lazarev, isandiso YaseMoscow Art Theatre F. Shechtel, kwakhiwe State Savings Bank Ivanov-Shicai. Stalin inkathi neoclassicism kuba ezijwayele naleso sakhamuzi Russian. Lokhu skyscraper abadumile L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova nezinye abaklami.

Neoclassicism Petersburg

Samuntu ngokuhumusha oluthile neo-classic Petersburg kwaba edumile "indlu nge imibhoshongo" K. Rosenstein. Kuyo amasiko medieval kuthiwa okwakuthandelene oluxube yesimanje kanye zakudala. Northern dolobha kungaba ukuziqhayisa futhi eziningi nezinye izakhiwo kule isitayela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke yilezo izindawo: indlu-Abamelek Lazarev wezakhiwo I. Fomin, isikhungo Tom de Thomon, ummeleli ekuseni neo-classic umsebenzi inxuluma Betlinga A. Grube, isakhiwo sokuhlala yakhelwe kaJ Timofeev Kovarskii nezinye umsebenzi abanamakhono.