Tivadar Csontváry Kostka, yokudweba "Old Umdobi": izithombe, imidwebo imfihlakalo

Elingaziwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe umdwebi Tivadar Csontváry Kostka yekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokufa wazithola sibonga elidume ifilimu "Old Umdobi". Inkosi yena wayeqiniseka ukuthi wawuyini umsebenzi wakhe eziphathelene noMesiya, nakuba abantu besikhathi walibiza sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Manje imidwebo yakhe ukuthola izimpawu ezifihliwe futhi kungabhekisela ngeveli. They ncisheka it? Omunye umsebenzi onjalo, ngaphansi zihlolisisa, - yokudweba "Old Umdobi".

umculi engaziwa

Ngo 1853, umdwebi esizayo wazalelwa emzaneni Hungarian Kishseben. Tivadar isiphetho ezinhlanu abafowabo babephendukile kuye kwanqunywa kusengaphambili kusukela ebuntwaneni. Basuke silungiselela kungenzeka ukuqhubeka ibhizinisi likayise. Umzali kwaba wemithi futhi waba zokwelapha. Kodwa ngaphambi sithola kwemithi, le nsizwa yakwazi esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, izikhulu emsebenzini ukuhweba, ukufunda kusukela Faculty of Law. Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, waphendukela ebhizinisini lomkhaya. Esekwazi ekhemisi, Tivadar wasebenza lapha iminyaka eyishumi nane.

Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho ineminyaka engu-28, ngosuku evamile usebenza, sesigxavuna ifomu kadokotela futhi ipeni sketched ngesakhiwo: inqola labona ukuthi mzuzu by iwindi, nge usetshenziswe e inyathi wakhe. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wabonisa nakanca- for Umdwebo, kodwa kamuva wabhala e ibhuku ngempilo yakhe ukuthi ngalolo suku wabona embonweni, waprofetha isiphetho umdwebi omkhulu.

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1881 Tivadar Kostka wavula ekhemisi yakhe engxenyeni esenyakatho yaseHungary, futhi imali eyanele ukuba ukuhamba e-Italy. Njengazo zonke abaculi abasha, wayefuna ukubona yobuciko ezingcweti ezindala. Wayelethwa ikakhulukazi bakhangwa Raphael. Mangisho ukuthi kamuva waba isithixo kumelwe ukuba wadumala, ayitholakalanga nemvelo imidwebo yakhe ukuphila ngenxa nangobuqotho. Ngemva eRoma Kostka ethunyelwe Paris, bese - emuva ekhaya.

Ngokuzimisela ukupenda Csontváry (mbumbulu ngo-1900 wathatha kumculi) Ngaqala maphakathi nawo-1890s. Ushiya ngasemuva abafowabo ikhemisi futhi kuziwa Munich ukufunda umdwebo. imithombo eminingi Kostka ngokuthi self-wafundisa futhi Okwamanje wafunda esikoleni ubuciko compatriot lakhe elikhazimulayo, yaphumelela kakhudlwana emkhakheni wezobuciko - Simon Hollósy. Uthisha wahlabeka ezingaphansi kuka umfundi wakhe iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi.

Ngo Munich Csontváry kudala ekumeni eziningana. Phrinta ukudabuka ebusweni amamodeli kubabeka ngaphandle mayelana bejabule kakhudlwana lonke ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuziphilisa Okugcwele ekumeni ebhala kuphela esikhathini yokutadisha futhi kamuva engasenandaba ke. Ngemva kokushiya Munich, umculi waya Karlsruhe, lapho aqhubeka khona ukuthatha izifundo, manje Kallmorgena. Umlandvomphilo Abaculi 'uthi wayephila ngesikhathi kahle, ukuthenga ukuze emidwebweni best of ukukhiqizwa waseBelgium.

eminyakeni yamuva

Izifundo akazange ukwaneliseka Csontváry. Wayebonakala ukukuqonda imithetho Umdwebo kuphela ukuze singawanyathela. Ngo-1895 waphinde wahamba e-Italy ukuze isebenze ubunjalo uhlobo landscape ku ozithandayo. Umdwebi wavakashela hhayi kuphela e-Italy, kodwa futhi eFrance, eGreece, eMpumalanga Ephakathi Lebanon.

Eminyakeni 1907-1910 bekatsatsa nemibukiso eziningana solo e Paris, Budapest kanye ekhaya. Ikakhulukazi edume abazi umlethe, nakuba abanye abagxeki waveza futhi yakwamukela kakhulu. E-Hungary nhlobo mayelana umculi ukubizwa ngokuthi mad. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi wahlupheka neziqubu lokusangana, kodwa namanje ezithenjwayo ukuqashelwa Bakwethu lwakhe.

Ngu-1910, sona lesi sifo saqala ukuba bathuthuke. Ukuhlaselwa base beba nzima, umsebenzi wanikezwa kanzima. Csontváry phezu cishe asinilobeli, enza imidwebo ezincane kuphela. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wayengabhekiseli Nokho alethwe ekupheleni, futhi wazama. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka emashumi mathandathu, umculi wafa e Budapest, lapho wangcwatshwa.

ifa okudala

Engaphezu kweyodwa namashumi amahlanu imidwebo nezithombe uyasala Tivadar Csontváry Kostka. Ukudweba "Old Umdobi", ebhalwe ngo-1902, mhlawumbe edume kunazo zonke ezake, "isibonakaliso." Iningi imisebenzi badalwa esikhathini esifushane phakathi 1903 futhi ngo-1909. Kwakuyisikhathi izimbali okudala umculi, flash-buchopho. Ngu nesitayela sabo zingabantu lifana Expressionism. umsebenzi sakhe siphindze udumo izici umfanekiso, post-impressionism ngisho surrealism.

ukuqashelwa posthumous

Ngemva kokufa Csontváry umsebenzi wakhe basinda kuphela njengoba isimangaliso. Udade wabuza ukuzihlola ukuthola kangakanani ungathola ngesithombe. Baqinisekisa wakhe ukuthi value abo kwezobuciko zero. Loyo muntu wesifazane ube yazitshela ukuthi uma izithombe zimbi ke ngendwangu ke okungenani umuntu singaba usizo kabi. Futhi ubeka kuwo ngenqwaba ukudayiswa. Wonke lo msebenzi wathatha wezakhiwo uGideyoni Gerlotsi, outbid starovschika. Kamuva lo mlisa othumele zewebhu Budapest School of Fine Arts, futhi ngo-1949 embukisweni kubo eBelgium France.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umakhi ezinikelwe iqoqo lakhe Zoltan Fülöp, umqondisi ngekusasa lophiko Csontváry Museum. It kakade kube yimpumelelo. Kodwa mina ayeyohlala umculi eyaziwa kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo abalandeli ekhaya, uma ecishe ibe ikhulu ngemva kokufa kwakhe, omunye wabasebenzi Museum ungazange isiyitholile imfihlo ukuthi namanje igcina Umdwebo "Old Umdobi". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama Csontváry, lapho ukuphila akusho ukudayisa umdwebo olulodwa, waziwa emhlabeni wonke.

"Umdobi Old": incazelo isithombe

Cishe zonke lendwangu isikhala ithatha sibalo yendoda esikhulile. Isivunguvungu ezidlikizekile izinwele zakhe endala izingubo lesibili ngesandla. Ngezinye Fisherman - black ihembe, Beret futhi empunga isembatho. Isencika abasebenzi bakhe, ugqolozele isibukeli. ubuso bakhe nge isikhumba emangelengele, kuyahlanganiswa nge inethiwekhi aminyene imibimbi. Ngemuva, umculi ahlelwe ethekwini. Waves breaking ogwini yezindlu ezincane loMfula ipayipi kukhona zomusi. Emkhathizwe - izintaba, noma kunalokho, Silhouettes zabo, kufihlwe inkungu Milky. Maqondana sibalo umdobi landscape yesibili, futhi udlala indima ngemuva.

Ukudweba "Old Umdobi" Csontváry ixazululwe in ibanga esivaliwe imibala, ubuswa uthulisiwe imibala soft: oluhlaza-grey, grey, isihlabathi, nsundu.

Imfihlakalo mdwebo "Old Umdobi"

Yeka okutholakele wenza umsebenzi Museum? Ukwambula nozungu: wathola ukuthi uma isigamu kwetheksthi ngendwangu futhi lonke afanako zibonisa, uthole umsebenzi wobuciko eqeda ngokuphelele. Futhi isebenza kuzo zombili izimo: nge ilungelo futhi ingxenye yesinxele isithombe. Nakhu imfihlo iminyaka ababalelwa ekhulwini igcinwe Umdwebo "Old Umdobi". Photo ukukhwezwa isigamu isiyatholakala kalula nakuyi-Internet. A ibonisa isigamu kwesokudla - handsome exhegwini, ubelonny onezinwele ezimhloshana, ngokumelene okwenza we ebusweni ulwandle. Uma ucabangisisa lwesokunxele, sibona indoda isigqoko kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngamehlo lefanele, ungalibalekeli futhi olwandle oluthukuthele ngemva kwaso.

ukuhumusha

Ukudweba "Old Umdobi" kwasho ukuqala search for the kungabhekisela ezingaqondakali ngemisebenzi Csontváry. It kubhebhethekise umlilo futhi yokuthi ngesikhathi impilo umculi livame ukudluliselwa ithoni ongokwesiprofetho. Le Umdwebo yenziwa ukuze ahumushe njengoba iwuphawu webumbacambili zokuthambekela kobuntu: kwendoda eyodwa uthole ukukhanya futhi neengcezu amnyama, okuhle nokubi. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi "uNkulunkulu kanye uDeveli," okusho waphinda ibonisa kwenza yayo.

Ngempela, indaba impumelelo Kostka Tivadar Csontváry - (? Noma phetho-kokuvela okukhulu kuye ngemibono, owazi) isibonelo umucu zenzakalo bajabule. Ukudweba "Old Umdobi" - wayeyisazi nobuhlanya - Okuxakayo baba ukhiye wakhe nodumo ezweni. Ngeshwa, ukuqashelwa akezi kuye phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa namuhla Csontváry ubhekwa abaculi engcono yokuqala iningi Hungary.