Yoga Philosophy Wabasaqalayo

Ifilosofi yoga uthandwa kakhulu namuhla. Kwabaningi sekuwumkhuba ukutholakala yangempela ekuphileni. Yoga asindisa ngayo abantu Utha kusukela ukucindezeleka nsuku zonke futhi azisize ukuze ubone ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu, ukulahla ezincane. Kulokhu, it is hhayi encishisiwe kuya evamile umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yoga njengenhlangano isiko lasendulo futhi inkolo, yoga njengendlela yokuziqeqesha nefilosofi nemithi - yilokho uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Izizathu ukuthandwa yoga emhlabeni namuhla

Njengoba kakade kushiwo, Yoga namuhla ethandwa kakhulu. Ungase uthi ngisho ukuthi kuyinto evamile emphakathini wanamuhla. Yiziphi izizathu ithandwa kangaka?

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuphendula umbuzo owodwa. ungubani Modern - kuyini? Ngikhathele, abacindezelekile nabacindezelwe. Man xxi leminyaka, ngokuvamile uchitha ukuphila kwakhe ekuphishekeleni inzuzo womuntu ongabazisayo. Yoga futhi kusiza ukuba babhekane asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo ukucindezeleka nsuku zonke, kodwa ifundisa ukugxila (namandla) ebaluleke kakhulu, izinto ezibaluleke ngempela.

Yoga nefilosofi lembula kunendoda indlela kuphela ukuqaphela essence yayo, kuyasiza ukuba yilo ngokugcwele engaba yakho yangaphakathi.

Kwenzeka inqaba, umkhuba wokusebenzisa amasu yoga kukhona noma kunjalo. Ngisho noma umuntu akakholelwa kubo noma ungenayo nhlobo uhlobo nesisekelo sale nefilosofi. Lokhu kungenye isici esikhethekile-yoga.

Yoga nefilosofi kuyinto (kafushane)

Kuyini i-yoga? Kodwa ingabe kunengqondo ukuzisola ukuyibiza nefilosofi, isayensi noma inkolo yakho?

Igama-Sanskrit kusho "sobunye." Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, sikhuluma ngokuyinhloko mayelana nokuvumelana umzimba nomphefumulo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa indoda. Ngomqondo ngaphezulu global uwukuhlangana yomuntu noNkulunkulu.

Yoga - Indian nefilosofi kuyinto endala kakhulu. Umsuka walo eziyisisekelo wakhetha ngekhulu lesibili BC, abanolwazi olunzulu abadumile Patanjali. Nokho, kufakazela ukuthi ifilosofi yoga yasungulwa nje ngokufaneleyo. Phela, kunenkolelo yokuthi i-yoga awunika isintu nguMdali (by avatar Krishna).

Izisekelo le mfundiso ayihlangani. izici zabo ngabanye ingatholakala kwimithombo ehlukahlukene yasendulo Indian, kusukela Vedas. Yingakho izazi-mlando azikwazi ukucacisa eqondile nohlaka iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo kulesi siqondiso.

Yoga nefilosofi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Nokho, injongo eyinhloko yokufundisa - ingafika Nirvana. Le nkulumo ibhekisela sihlangane umnyuziki noMdali.

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi baye bathola eziningi izinhlobo yoga. Ziyakwazi:

• Karma Yoga;
• bhakti-yoga;
• Jnana Yoga;
• Mantra-Yoga;
• Hatha yoga nabanye.

Ngayinye yalezi zindawo - nje esinye sezinyathelo emgomweni ofanayo yoga nefilosofi - nimunye Ophakeme. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila kabanzi kwi lokugcina la mafomu.

Umfanekiso unguNkulunkulu ezifihliwe

Ifilosofi yoga Wabasaqalayo iyona engcono kuboniswa enye mfanekiso Indian lasendulo. Kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono okushiwo izimfundiso labo ayaqala nje ukuba simazi naye.

Ngakho, umfanekiso kaJesu nobunkulunkulu ezifihliwe ...

Ngokusho yetinsita phambi kwabantu bonke Emhlabeni, banjalo onkulunkulu. Ngakho baqamba le Brahma. Nokho, maduzane nje, wabobonke onkulunkulu wabona ukuthi basebenzisa amandla akayena ngempela ziqondile, futhi ngakho-ke wanquma ukuthatha amandla abo saphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke wabuza lo mbuzo: iphi nobunkulunkulu ezifihliwe abantu ukuze bakwazi awukutholi?

Ukuxazulula nale nselele, Brahma wabiza abeluleki. Baqala usigcwalisa ongakhetha ahlukahlukene: abaphendulanga ukungcwaba ungowaphezulu phansi, elinye - uyiphonse phansi olwandle ... Nokho, akukho isiphakamiso akakuthandanga Brahma. "Abantu kamuva Ngokuhamba uzothola phansi olwandle" - Waphendula wathi ucabangisisa.

Kungazelelwe inkosi onkulunkulu esecabanga ngalokho ukukwenza. Wanquma ukufihla nobunkulunkulu ngaphakathi endoda ngokwayo. Futhi kwaba njalo. Man ngilinqobile amazulu ekujuleni kolwandle, ikhilomitha Umhubhe unesizungu ngaphanzi komhlaba, kodwa asikaze ngempela akakaze wabheka ngaphakathi ngokwami.

Yoga Umlando: uyathola lasendulo

Kunzima ukunquma ngokujulile indlela ku umlando yoga elula izimpande. Ngakho, ngo-Indus River valley abavubukuli lwezimpawu lasendulo atholakele eyaqala enkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC. Zifanekisela abantu nawonkulunkulu abasezikhundleni engavamile (wabacwaningi abalwa 16 imikhiqizo ehlukene). Lokhu okwatholakala kuye kwashukumisela mlando zisikisela ukuthi umuntu uhlobo yoga yaziwa abakhileyo impucuko Harappan.

Uma sikhuluma ubufakazi ebhaliwe, igama elithi "yoga" lokuqala kwenzeka Rig Veda - omunye ezikhumbuzo kwezincwadi Indian eminingi yasendulo.

Patanjali futhi "Yoga sutras" yakhe

Le mfundiso libhekisela uhlu ehlanganisa izikole eziyisithupha Orthodox of Hinduism. Yoga ifilosofi kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nge isiqondiso Sankhya. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa nayo, i-yoga - a theistic ngaphezulu.

Mayelana nobuhlobo lezikole ezimbili wathi ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi Genrih Tsimmer. Nokho, wayecabanga ukuthi Sankhya linikeza incazelo jikelele ubunjalo yomuntu, kuyilapho imikhuba yoga kuvula indlela ikululeko wako (isimo moksha).

Njenganoma iyiphi enye esikoleni wefilosofi Indian, yoga has imibhalo yabo engcwele. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "Yoga sutras" eshiwo esikweyoku Patanjali. Ngo omunye wabo, ngendlela, uthisha sembula lokho okushiwo yinkulumo umqondo phambi kwethu. Ngokusho umbhalo sutra wesibili, i-yoga - kuyinto "inqubo zokunqanda injabulo esivela engqondweni."

Swami Vivekananda: indlela yokuphila wesazi sefilosofi

Omunye abameleli bhá kulesi sikole nomfundisi Indian kanye isishoshovu kwezenhlalo Swami Vivekananda. Yoga nefilosofi emsebenzini wakhe yazuza incazelo entsha. Wakwazi achaza isimo ayo ayinhloko ngokuya emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

Swami Vivekananda wayehlala futhi esebenza e-isigamu kwekhulu XIX yesibili. Wazalwa ngo-1863 emndenini kakhulu inkolo. Wafunda esikoleni Scottish Church College, eyayintula nesithakazelo esikhethekile nefilosofi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Vivekananda, ogama Inhloso ukuthola umuntu owahlangana noNkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe. Ngokushesha ayithole. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo Ramakrishna. ngokushesha Vivekananda kuba umfundi wakhe.

Ngo-1888, yena, kuhlanganise nabanye abafundi Ramakrishna, iqala ukuhamba badabula leyo ndawo yeNdiya. Khona-ke wathumela ukuba amanye amazwe (USA, France, Japan, eNgilandi kanye nabanye). Sage wafa ngo-1902. umzimba Swami sika, kanye yakhe umeluleki ngokomoya, waba sebefile phezu loMfula iGanges.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Vivekananda wabhala eziningi imisebenzi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• "Karma Yoga" (1896).
• "Raja Yoga" (1896).
• "Vedanta Philosophy: Izinkulumo Jnana-Yoga" (1902).

Swami Vivekananda: namafilosofi

Vivekananda kungokwalabo zwi owaziwa kakhulu: "UNkulunkulu nguye yedwa kodwa amagama akhe zihlukile." Ezinye uyiqambe igama lokuthi uJesu, nezinye - Allah, nabanye - Buddha nokunye.

Swami Vivekananda ayevelele yi okwakhe yokucabanga yakhe. impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko njengoba isazi sefilosofi wayekhuthele ukufakazela ukuthi imibono abalulekile Vedanta singasetshenziswa ngendlela izinjongo luyingxenye esisebenzayo, empilweni yomphakathi.

"Wonke umuntu - esifana nesikaNkulunkulu ngokwako" - lelo zwi ka Ramakrishna kwaba ebomvu empilweni wesazi sefilosofi. Wayezitshela ukuthi akukho muntu oyobe engenawo khulula, inqobo nje uma khulula ngeke wonke umuntu. Vivekananda wagomela ngokuthi ngempela umuntu ukukhanyiselwa ubophekile ukuba asebenze ngokuzikhandla ukuze kusindiswe abanye. Isazi sefilosofi adunyiswe ukuzibeka emuva nokusebenzela ekhankasela zonke hhayi ukuphelelwa ukholo ngokwakho.

Swami Vivekananda ukubukwa kutenhlalo iqiniso lokuthi State kanye neBandla kufanele ahlukaniswe. Inkolo, ngokombono yayo, noma kunjalo, akufanele kuphazamise ezindabeni umshado, ubudlelwano ifa, nokunye okunjalo. Wayekholelwa nokuthi kwakunezinye umphakathi kufanele kuhle kube ingxube iyunifomu kuzo zonke castes ezine. Futhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi inkolo akufanele aphazamise inqubo ekwakheni umphakathi enhle.

Hatha Yoga: School of Philosophy

Igama lo mugqa yoga uhumusha kusuka-Sanskrit ngokuthi "Fusion sithuthukiswe". postulates Okokuqala lalesi sikole systematized Svātmārāma. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Hatha Yoga kuyinqubo kulungiselelwa wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi ngokuzindla eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Igama elithi "Hatha," kusho abacwaningi basikisela, yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili: "ha" - ingqondo "tha" - amandla okuphila.

Hatha yoga - kuyimfundiso esibanzi zendlela yokufinyelela ngokuvumelana ngokomzimba esebenzisa imiphumela ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo emzimbeni (lokhu asana, pranayama, mudra futhi Bandha). Ngayinye yalezi kuthinta ingxenye ethile yomzimba womuntu. Ngo Hatha yoga ngokukhethekile akhethiwe izakhiwo umzimba okuqondile okungakusiza uthuthukise impilo yakho futhi ulwe tifo letinkhulu.

Breath - ngesisekelo ukuphila

I yagxila Hatha yoga ivuliwe ukuphefumula. Baleli basesikoleni bakholelwa ukuthi ithonya ukuphefumula emzimbeni yakhe sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba pranayama eyodwa kuphela (ukuphefumula izivivinyo) kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono isimo sabo. Inhlanganisela unamakhono we asanas nabo - ke kuthembisa sehlangano ngiphilile futhi nginamandla.

Hatha Yoga njengoba nefilosofi yezokwelapha ihlose ngezikulu ukuhlanzwa okuphelele bulimaza imigudu yokuphefumula kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ubuciko eziphumulele umzimba futhi wonke amandla ayo. Phela, ukuzwakala kwengqondo kwangempela Uze kuphela ukuphumula umzimba.

Isimo zomzimba, isimo kanye ukucabanga izinqubo lomuntu lihlotshaniswa ukuphefumula kwakhe. Ngicabanga, Ngivumelana konke. Yingakho Hatha Yoga iyona abayinakanga ubuciko yokuhlabelela ukuphefumula kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lifundisa abantu indlela yokuphefumula kahle, hhayi kuphela phakathi nokuqulwa ekhethekile, kodwa futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. isimo sengqondo okuwukuhlakanipha futhi ngokucophelela maqondana nempilo yabo - yilokho ifundisa abantu Hatha yoga. Ifilosofi umkhuba ngesikhathi esifanayo organically kuxhumene le mfundiso.

Zomgomo kanye nezinhloso ze-yoga

Noma ubani iye yanquma ukuba bahlanganyele sina e-yoga, ungakwazi siphishekela imigomo ehlukile. Lokhu kungaba isifiso ezilula ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo noma ukwelapha isifo esingelapheki. Futhi umuntu yoga - kuyisihluthulelo ekufezeni moksha ( "nimunye uBrahman").

By the way, kuba moksha - inqubo kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukukhululwa samsara - umgomo oyinhloko we izikole eziningi wefilosofi Indian lasendulo. Kodwa ngo Vaishnavism umgomo oyinhloko we-yoga isifiso sokuba uNkulunkulu, uMdali. Ngokusho ezimfundisweni lalesi sikole, a Vaishnava ke iwela emhlabeni engokomoya Blissful lapho yena ungakwazi ukujabulela isevisi Devotional Vishnu.

Ukuthuthukiswa yoga eRussia

izakhamuzi ngamunye Russia babonisa isithakazelo yoga namanje ngezikhathi zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi kweSoviet Union, le esikoleni kwaba ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa yamaSoviet, Nokho, okuyinto, akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa abathanda ngabanye ukuthi bahlanganyele semi ngokomthetho.

ERussia, ngezikhathi ezehlukene, ubuntu eziningi owaziwa babe benkulumo-ze asebenzayo we-yoga. Phakathi kwabo - kudokotela BL Smirnov, uProfesa V Brody umbhali VI Voronin, unjiniyela Ya I. Koltunov nabanye abaningi.. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo eMoscow iqala isikhungo lwemfundo ephakeme - okubizwa ngokuthi Yoga Academy. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Gennady Stetsenko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo dolobha yeSoviet Union kukhona laboratory eye Ngokutadisha izindlela non-bendabuko ngelashwa. Yiqiniso, kule mkhakha isithakazelo elabhorethri kuhlanganisiwe nezimfundiso eNdiya yasendulo - yoga.

Yoga Wabasaqalayo: izincomo ezimbalwa ewusizo

Namuhla, i-yoga izifundo zinikwa cishe njalo club zezempilo. Nokho, abantu onolwazi namanje Kunconywa ukuya emakilasini esikoleni ezikhethekile.

Ekugcineni ezimbalwa amathiphu labo abahlela uqale abaqhuba yoga:

• zokugqoka ukuqeqeshwa okufanele sithokomale futhi wenza izindwangu yemvelo;
• ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa yoga badinga amancane, kancane kancane engena phakathi i- "ukujula" lokhu imfundiso;
• ukweqa amakilasi engathandeki, ngoba session omusha ngamunye kuliragelo okunengqondo of dlule fike;
• umkhuba Yoga kumele wasondela kakhulu ngamabomu futhi kahle.

Futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi yoga - akusiwona nje liphilile, umzimba toned, kodwa kusho nethuba lokuthola ukuzwa nokuvumelana umzimba nomphefumulo.

Ekuphetheni ...

Yoga - ifilosofi eNdiya yasendulo, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Kodwa akuyona nefilosofi, noma kunalokho, hhayi kuphela. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho isayensi, inkolo, le eminyaka ubudala isiko kanye umkhuba. Kuyini zikhanga kangaka ukuba yesimanje indoda yoga nefilosofi?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo kungaba iziphakamiso ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala: Yoga kusiza umuntu abhekane ngokuphumelelayo ingcindezi enkulu ngokoqobo unonya. Okwesibili, ukwazi ngamunye wethu ukuvula indlela ulwazi yena, kungubuyena.