Lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, futhi kungani? Yini ngonyaka eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia futhi?

Golden-oluyingungu eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha i-Russian Federation - omunye lamadolobha amakhulu amahle kakhulu ezweni lethu. Nakuba edolobheni ubhekwa ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, inomlando ocebile.

Ubani owakhela amaKhaladi eMoscow

Moscow kubhekwa umsunguli Yuri Dolgoruky, indodana yesithupha uVladimir Monomakh futhi indodakazi IsiZulu yinkosi UHarold. Kwakuwusuku Grand Duke eyakhelwe izindonga sokhuni Kremlin. Eqinisweni, Dolgoruky akuvamile wavakashela eyakhelwe edolobheni, emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ezinye ukuphathwa ezingavamile ukuhambela kwakhe. Abantu Kiev ayikuthandi prince ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo Suzdal Zalesie baphanga impahla yakhe futhi abe isishayo mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko bendawo, owavele, ukuhlonipha Grand Duke. Ngokwe-Chronicle, Yuri wayemude, ukhuluphele, ubuso emhlophe namehlo akhe amancane kanye nekhala elikhulu "eside futhi pokrivlenny", wakhula nesilevu. Ngo biography of Prince yabonisa ukuthi yayingathandi umthandi olukhulu abesifazane, wayithanda ukudla okumnandi neziphuzo futhi zonke ecabanga kokuthola okuthile okumnandi futhi emadilini kuka mayelana ukucekelwa nezimpi. Ngoba yokugcina wayengathi ukuphathisa leziphathamandla zayo, eseduze kwakhe futhi okuvota. Siyazi futhi ukuthi Yuri wayeshadile izikhathi eziningana: okokuqala, indodakazi Polovtsian Khan bese indodakazi yombusi WaseByzantium.

Izizathu ukuvelela eMoscow eRussia lasendulo. Geography. Imizamo ukuhambisana Europe

Kukhona nemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nezizathu zaleso yinye komhlaba Russian futhi ephakeme eMoscow. Klyuchevskii babekholelwa ukuthi indima le ubukhulu eMoscow anda ngenxa evumayo isikhundla womhlaba. Lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, izinzuzo ke walala ibanga ukusuka Golden zidlamlilo, noMfula iMoscow yayingenye isixhumanisi yemizila yohwebo eyinhloko isikhathi. Inhlokodolobha entsha ithatha indawo prime, owawungumnyaka osendaweni kungcono kunokwabanye Tver, Uglich noma Nizhny Novgorod. Kuye zanqwabelana amakhono ukulwa namasiko Rus isiko, ukuxuba nabo labo European. Lapho sicabanga ngakho kungani eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, hhayi okungenani kule ndaba kuthatha kwethonya Europe. Naphezu umehluko izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye phesheya kwakukhona izinqubo ezifanayo: asathuthuka futhi kwaqinisa ithonya izindlu lwesithathu. EYurophu nase Russia kudlalwa vzaimoaktivnuyu indima ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe nomunye. Kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi ngonyaka, eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, kodwa okwenzeka ekhulwini XIV. Isimo inhlokodolobha eMoscow waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekubuseni uPetru I.

imililo elikhulu emlandweni eMoscow

Okuningi osekwenzeka kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. City ngokuphindiwe kwentiwe umlilo esibhubhisayo. Ulwazi mayelana elikhulu kuzo eyasinda phakathi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka. Ngo 1365 ngisho ne entwasahlobo kwakukhona nesomiso. Esaba emfuleni engajulile, udedele neconsi kwezulu. Ngo nenkathi eyomile ezifana kwaba khona umlilo kalula kakhulu. Ngakho ngomunye izibani waphula isonto lokhuni. Umoya lishaya umlilo ukuthi ayengena izindonga sokhuni ezibiyele, ngaleyo ndlela Muscovites abalahlekelwe yisiphephelo zabo ziphephile kuphangwa elimazayo. Hhayi njalo imililo iphutha ngomyalo wabaholi nemvelo. Lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, uye yabakhanga izitha. Ngakho lo muzi ngomlilo Lithuanian Duke Algirdas, Tokhtamysh Khan, Prince Gleb ka Ryazan nabanye abaningi, kwakuyizwi wokhelwa lempi nethonya elilimazayo ikakhulu enhloko-dolobha. Ebhekisela imililo emikhulu, asinakulishalazela umlilo phakathi Impi Ye-1812, lapho Napoleon nebutho lakhe bamisa edolobheni. Flames likhungethwe wonke umuzi. Abasebenzisi of duty isethi umlilo eMoscow umuzi hhayi efika isitha.

Moscow awuzange eyakhelwe

Uma uzama ukucabanga ukuthi singakanani isikhathi ezibiyele ishintshile ukubukeka kwaso, ngokwanele ukukhumbula kulokho kwekhulu eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Ekuqaleni lo muzi ezenziwe ngokhuni, futhi waqhubeka kwaze kwabusa Dmitry Donskoy, ubani owayephambili isinqumo esikhundleni izindonga okhi itshe elimhlophe ezibiyele, kusukela efanayo ezimhlophe itshe umbhoshongo ezakhiwa. Isizathu sokuba ushintsho sína kangaka kwaba umlilo, okuyinto ngokuvamile limbozwa edolobheni, kodwa ayizange ingezwe izindonga amandla ezibiyele sika, ngoba itshe elimhlophe sesibolile kunalokho ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha ukwakhiwa "wahamba". Ngo 1485, kanye abaklami Italian wakwazi ukwakha ezibiyele ngezitini wadubula, ekwakhiweni kabusha okunjalo okuye emashumini. Kwakuphakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha ezibiyele anda endaweni yayo wathatha lamatshwayo unxantathu okungajwayelekile. Buildings ngaphakathi futhi eziye zabhekana izinguquko eziningi. Bekunento kabusha futhi kabusha kusuka nezinye izinto, into okwalapha kudilizwe into eyakhelwe futhi uphawu njengoba iwuphawu inkathi. Phakathi nokubusa Petra Velikogo eMoscow ezibiyele walahlekelwa ukubaluleka yayo yangaphambili, ngakho-ke kuba isikhathi eside akazange kuthinte ushintsho.

EMoscow kusukela eSoviet Union

Lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia futhi kwahamba kakade ngo-1918. Uhulumeni sathuthela edolobheni ngesikhathi Omkhulu Russian Revolution ngenxa usongo ukuhlaselwa isiJalimane Petersburg. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukuhambisa inhlokodolobha kuphela ngokokuqala ukuthi Petrograd inani labantu yehlile. Abanye babekhathazeke ngokumelene nalo, ucabangela izenzo ezinjalo ukuhlubuka futhi wobugwala, kunokuba ngokuqapha nokubona izinto kusengaphambili. Ukuhambisa inhlokodolobha ephelezelwa uqhekeko ngaphakathi eqenjini abaholi kwamaBolshevik awavumelani, kodwa ingxoxo eshisayo, okuyinto alunamsebenzi ngakho futhi kuhlulekile, kuphelile ngokusebenzisa Lenin zobuqili engumthengisi. Lapho eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, uhulumeni usuqalile kakade ezihambayo, kodwa zazingakabi eziningi unganelisekile lesi sinqumo, ngakho-ke, ukuvikela riflemen Latvian bathunyelwa. Ngaphansi Malaya Vishera isitimela lapho Lenin kwaba, sibhekene Echelon ka ababehlubukele ahlomile, inombolo yokugcina Udlule inombolo abacibishelayo. Kodwa Latvians Bakwazi ukucisha isitha block isitimela. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, lwazi eqonda ngezinhloso ekusithekeni ukuthi lesi senzo sikahulumeni ningagudluzwa eMoscow, futhi Nizhny Novgorod.

Moscow yesimanje

Njengamanje, eMoscow - inhloko-dolobha Russian Federation. Kulomuzi ayizikhungo kanzulu of sphere kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lapho eMoscow futhi waba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, indima yayo liye landa ngokuphawulekayo. City kungenziwa ngokuthi engqondweni nasenhliziyweni wezwe lakithi. Moscow Modern - muzi emikhulu agglomerations nambili, inhloko-dolobha omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu eziyishumi emhlabeni. Umnotho laseMoscow ihlobene eduze umnotho wembulunga yonke, inhloko-dolobha ukuze sihambisane amazwe athuthukile, kuleli dolobha, ukuthatha indawo zamanxusa emazweni ahlukahlukene, kukhona basuke bagxila kakhulu zonke amabhange Russian. Uma ukhumbule lapho uMbusi eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, omunye ungacabanga kangakanani amasiko alo kanye nomlando, abanye izakhiwo ingatholakala kanjani idolobha ezikhangayo izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Moscow kuyinto amandla wezwe lakithi, it is ezihlonishwa kakhulu ezinye States.

Moscow Orthodox

Inhlokodolobha yesimanje kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isikhungo zenkolo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Metropolitan uPetru wathutha sokuhlala kwakhe kusukela Vladimir eMoscow, elaba isikhungo Lobu-Orthodox. Uma ukhumbule kunoma yimuphi unyaka, eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde lokho kusizani ukukholelwa ngalezo zinsuku. isimo esinjalo kwakubalulekile ukuba inhloko-dolobha esawuphakamisa sitfunti salo emehlweni sabantu. Umuntu ekushayela ucingo eMoscow Third eRoma. Kulomuzi ungathola amasonto amaningi amasonto ababhishobhi. A uphawu inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kuyinto St Vasiliya Blazhennogo (kwaze kwaba sekhulwini nesikhombisa eyaziwa ngokuthi uZiqu-zintathu), etholakala ku-Red Square enkabeni yedolobha. Kuyinto inhlangano yamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye kanye namaholide ezizinikele, okuyinto kuhambisane izinsuku impi ewumnqamula-juqu for Kazan. Izivakashi ezivela emazweni amaningi ukuza ukubheka into kusuka ohlwini UNESCO Sites eRussia, elakhiwa ngo izikhathi Ivana Groznogo. Ukubuyiselwa is hhayi nje ngokushintsha ubuso isonto elithile, ngoba waba isisulu imililo ku Moscow sokhuni, kodwa akalilahlile ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nesimo.

Moscow Ngokuzayo

City akuyona esikhundleni futhi aqhubeka aguquka. Okwamanje, kukhona imisebenzi eminingi amathemba ezaziwayo. Uma ucabanga, unyaka, eMoscow baba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, nje uqalaza. Inhlokodolobha bakhiwe nabo, izakhiwo ezintsha zesimanje, kodwa lilondolozwe nge ukubukeka zomlando zomuzi. kumaphrojekthi isakhiwo atfutfukiswe bakithi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi Irish, British futhi abaseSweden, okusho nokuthuthukisa umuzi behileleka nabantu baseYurophu. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo hhayi kuphela ukwandisa endaweni manje esiqokiwe amaphrojekthi amakhulu amahlanu ezithinta indawo ikakhulukazi engadini, ukunwetshwa amathuba ezokungcebeleka. Izinguquko sizothinta UMfula iMoscow. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo ehilela insimu ka embankments ngaphansi ukuzijabulisa izakhiwo, ukudweba kukhona endaweni ehlukile traffic elinganiselwe, ukwakha endaweni ngobukhulu - "iziqhingi imvelo", okwasiza ukwenza wezindlu amanzi. Futhi, abakhi ukuphakamisa ukwethula iholidi anikezelwe emfuleni. Lokhu nje ingenye amaphrojekthi, kodwa isikali umxhwele wakhulelwa futhi kusenza kholwa yokuthi engamashumi amathathu kuphela kamuva eMoscow ngeke uguqule ukubukeka kwayo futhi babe emzini esizayo ngempela.