Kuyini okwamanje dipole

Cabanga, njengoba isetshenziswa electrodynamics ukuthi umzuzwana dipole ezinjalo. Elementary icala abathwali egeleza kanye ingxenye ngqo kohlelo umqhubi, ifomu ngqo wamanje. Ngakho, kukhona samanje wathi icala wamanje (mina L, lapho mina - zamanje value, L - ubude). Futhi, Umthetho Ampere sika ucabangela parallel icala ezimbili zamanje L, balima infinity. Kumjikelezo avaliwe neengcezu zayo ezimbili babe okuphambene isiqondiso zamanje, ukwakha dipole zamanje. Duzane ngamunye dipole ensimini elakhiwe vortex, esibonakala by yayo dipole ophethe njengamanje ngamakhasimende perpendicular indiza lapho nentaba ikhona. Ibizwa ngokuthi isikhashana dipole. Kodwa njengoba sisuke sicabanga yezingxenye zamanje kuphela, bese ukuya kagesi, leli gama libizwa ngendlela ehlukile. Enye igama - magnetic dipole umzuzwana (PM, ngezinye izikhathi m).

Ingenye yezinkundla timphawu letibalulekile iyiphi into. Kukholakala ukuthi kuphakama okwamanje dipole ngenxa imisinga (njengaku microcosm kanye e macrosystems). Ngaphansi microcosm kulokhu kusho athomu: ezihambelayo isiyingi omise amacala (electron) kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento zamanje kagesi. Kusukela impahla kwakhiwa izinhlayiya aphansi, ngalinye elikwazi Ubuye umfutho wayo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngaphansi izinhlayiya aphansi kumele kuqondwe hhayi kuphela molecule athomu, kodwa futhi proton, neutrons, ama-electron, futhi izingxenye mhlawumbe ngisho ezincane. Ngokombono walaba le quantum Mechanics we dipole okwamanje la mandla kazibuthe ngenxa esingokwemvelo Ukujikeleza mechanical - spin. Nokho, lokhu nokucabanga esanda ngokuya ngemibuzo ekukhanyeni zakamuva emkhakheni-kuyizinhlayiyana theory. Isibonelo, kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukhona okuthiwa dipole ezingasadingeki ogama value ihlukile kwesibalo ukubala e-quantum theory. Kodwa ngombono ensimini lapho amandla kazibuthe iyiphi kuyizinhlayiyana aphansi is awenziwanga icala yenethiwekhi spin ukujikisa, futhi ingenye yezingxenye njalo zasendle kagesi, dipole normal kuyaqondakala kalula. Inani kuchazwa njengendlela isethi ethile izinombolo quantum ne ukulungiswa ingxenye spin. Ngakho, okwamanje la mandla kazibuthe we Generating neutron kuncike amandla futhi kagesi obuhlukahlukene yayo emkhakheni kagesi.

Lapho kubalwa inani layo ngoba isifunda usebenzisa indlela ye kwalokho ebalulekile izikhathi dipole we aphansi dipole zamanje, ukudala iluphu avaliwe isiyingi.

isikhashana dipole ku electrodynamics kunqunywa ifomula:

Pm = S mina n,

lapho mina - ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba egeleza zamanje; S - evaliwe iluphu endaweni (isiyingi); n - vector iqondiswe perpendicular indiza lapho iluphu itholakala. Nakuba ifomula ngenhla alibonisi, PM ezidlula njengoba Vector kabani isiqondiso kungaba azimisele ngendlela kagesi aziwa classical wesithupha (ngakwesokudla isikulufa): uma screw ujikelezisa ngengqondo kuqhathaniswa nesiqondiso ukugeleza wamanje, ezinyakazayo isikulufa yomzimba kuhambisane Vector oyifunayo.

Inkambu kagesi we dipole lihlukile iphuzu icala ensimini, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukucushwa kwe imigqa ensimini. Njengoba ngokombono physics dipole elifanayo uhlelo olinganiselayo ezimbili amacala kagesi, okuyizinto ilingane amamojuli, kanye polarity okuphambene (+ futhi -), emgqeni okuhambisanayo ukungezwani ekuqaleni inkokhiso, ngesikhathi komunye umkhawulo womhlaba. Endabeni uhlangothi olulodwa lwendaba emigqeni icala yenethiwekhi washintsha nhlangothi zonke, sengathi isibani.