Kuyini ultrasound? Ukusetshenziswa ultrasound ubuchwepheshe, imithi

Ekhulwini lama-21 - ekhulwini electronic, athomu, ukuhlola umkhathi kanye ultrasound. Ngokulinganiswa ayemncane namuhla isayensi ultrasound. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 P. N. Lebedev, a Russian usosayensi, physiologist, wachitha izifundo zakhe kuqala. Ososayensi abaningi abavelele yikho abaqala ngemva kwalokhu ultrasound.

Kuyini ultrasound?

Ultrasound - osakazekela amagagasi oscillating ezinyakazayo, ezivuma izinhlayiya of the medium. It has izici zayo siqu, okuyinto lihlukile ububanzi ezwakalayo imisindo. lula ukuthola ultrasonic ububanzi ohlangothini ngemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is kahle ugxile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwandisa umfutho kunyakaza ezenziwe. Ukuze esiphelweni e ukudla okuqinile, uketshezi kanye amagesi ultrasound kudala izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto bathole ngokoqobo emikhakheni eminingi kwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi. Yilokho ultrasound, ogama indima emikhakheni lehlukene zokuphila namuhla kuphezulu kakhulu.

Indima ultrasound isayensi kanye umkhuba

Ultrasound eminyakeni yamuva waqala ukudlala ocwaningweni lwezesayense indima ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe. Thina yayiqhutshelwa ngempumelelo ucwaningo zokuhlola kanye theory emkhakheni imisinga acoustic futhi cavitation ultrasonic, esangenza ososayensi ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezenzeka lapho zihlatshwa ultrasound esigabeni ketshezi. Kuyinto indlela enamandla isifundo imihlola ehlukahlukene kulo mkhakha ulwazi, ezifana physics. Ultrasound isetshenziswa, isibonelo, Semiconductor physics futhi eliqinile. Namuhla kwakhiwa endaweni ehlukile amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, ngokuthi "i-chemistry ultrasonic". isicelo sayo ivumela ukusheshisa eziningi yezinqubo zamakhemikhali-zobuchwepheshe. It kwavela njengoba umsindo yamangqamuzana - isigaba esisha umsindo ukuthi etadisha nokuxhumana yamangqamuzana ngalolu ketshezi we amaza omsindo. Kwakukhona zokusebenza ezintsha of ultrasound: holography, introscopy, Acoustoelectronics, fazomeriya ultrasonic, umsindo quantum.

Ngaphezu umsebenzi yokulinga futhi theory emkhakheni, namuhla kwenziwa eziningi ezingokoqobo. Futhi athuthukile ekhethekile-injongo ultrasound imishini, ukufaka ukuthi usebenze ngaphansi ophezulu static, nabanye. Ibe ekukhiqizeni izilungiselelo ultrasonic othomathikhi kufakwe imigqa ukukhiqizwa, ezingasetshenziswa ukwandisa umkhiqizo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ultrasound

Sitshele okuningi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi ultrasound. Sesixoxile mayelana lokuthi le amagagasi enwebekayo kunyakaza. Imvamisa of ultrasound 15-20 kHz. Subjective izakhiwo zethu ukuzwa uzimisele ephansi umkhawulo we ultrasonic imvamisa, ohlukanisa ke kusukela imvamisa ezwakalayo umsindo. Umnyele Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, futhi ngamunye wethu ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuthi yini ultrasound. I mkhawulo kuboniswa amagagasi nokunwebeka, nemvelo zabo ezingokwenyama. Basuke basakaza kuphela konemimoya impahla, okungukuthi, nombono kufanele kube kakhulu njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo kusho indlela mahhala igesi molecule ekhona amabanga afanayo noma interatomic e ukudla okuqinile futhi uketshezi. Ngezinye ingcindezi evamile wamagesi mkhawulo imvamisa ultrasonic - 10 ⁹ Hz, kuyilapho ukudla okuqinile futhi uketshezi - 10 ¹² -10 ¹³ Hz.

imithombo ultrasound

Ultrasound is ezitholakala emvelweni, futhi njengoba ingxenye isethi umsindo zemvelo (Waterfall, emoyeni, emvuleni itshana, surf imiqulu, kanye ohambisana esithweni isiphepho umsindo, nokunye. D.), Futhi njengoba iyingxenye ebalulekile ezilwaneni. Ziyakwazi ezinye zezinhlanzi esetshenziselwa orientation emkhathini, ukubona izithiyo. Luphinde eyaziwa ukuthi ultrasound ukusetshenziswa ngokwemvelo amahlengethwa (ikakhulukazi amaza kusuka 80 kuya ku-100 kHz). enkulu kakhulu kulokhu kungase kube amandla amasignali radar sasikhipha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amahlengethwa bayakwazi ukuthola Shoals zezinhlanzi, okuyizinto at ibanga kuze ikhilomitha kude.

Emitters (imithombo) of ultrasound zihlukaniswe amaqembu 2. Okokuqala - generator lapho oscillations sijabulile ngenxa yokubakhona kwalezi zingqinamba, efakwe ngendlela ezifika njalo - igesi noma Jets liquid. Iqembu lesibili, okungase imithombo ultrasound kuhlangene, - transducers Electroacoustic okuyinto ukuguqula predetermined khathi wamanje noma voltage oscillation into oscillation mechanical uzibophezele umzimba okuqinile likhipha amagagasi acoustic endaweni ezungezile.

ultrasound abamukelayo

Ngezinye medium and imisindo ephansi abamukelayo of ultrasound yinhlobo ngokuvamile piezoelectric transducers Electroacoustic. Abakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ukuma nomphumela isignali acoustic, emelelwe kwencika sikhathi ingcindezi umsindo. Amadivayisi kungaba broadband noma resonant - kuye ngokuthi zenzelwe izicelo imvelo umphakathi. imitshina Thermal esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela umsindo ensimini izici alinganiswe isikhathi. Basuke embozwe umsindo-iyavuleka impahla thermistors noma thermocouples. Ingcindezi acoustic futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe kungenziwa esikalini futhi by izindlela optical ezifana umumo womsebenzi yokukhanya by ultrasound.

Lapho ultrasound isetshenziswa?

Ziningi Amasimu kwesicelo, kulesi simo, ezihlukahlukene izici ultrasound. Lezi zindawo ingahlukaniswa kunemibandela ezindaweni ezintathu. Eyokuqala yalezi ehilela ukwenza amagagasi ultrasonic kolwazi ezahlukene. Eyesibili isiqondiso - umphumela esebenzayo ku imfuyo yayo. Ingxenye yesithathu lihlotshaniswa isignali ukudluliswa futhi signal processing. Kusukela ultrasonic Ibhendi yokuvama isetshenziswa esimweni ngasinye. Sizokwenza ezinye izindawo eziningi lapho ithole uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Ukuhlanza nge-ultrasound

Ikhwalithi ukwelashwa okunjalo akukwazi iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela. Hashaza izingxenye, isibonelo, phezu kobuso zabo ezilondoloziwe ku-80% owubhuqu, 55% - e vibration yokuhlanza, u-20% - nencwadi, futhi lapho ultrasound bengekho ngaphezu kwama-0.5% amanyela. Izingxenye ukuthi ube bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, may kahle kucace kuphela ngosizo ultrasound. Inzuzo ebalulekile usebenzisa kuba ukusebenza high, futhi izindleko eliphansi umsebenzi wezandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuba esikhundleni kumakhemikhali awuketshezi ezibizayo futhi inflammable organic izixazululo ezishibhile futhi iphephile aqueous sisebenzise freon ketshezi nabanye.

Inkinga sína - nokungcoliswa umule emoyeni, intuthu, uthuli, metal oxides, njll lingasetshenziswa indlela yokuhlanza ultrasonic umoya gas ukuzwakalisa kungakhathalekile umswakama lokushisa ... Uma i-transducer ultrasound ibekwe ekamelweni uthuli, izikhathi eziningi ukuze aphumelele yezenzo zayo. Kuyini lokhu sifo? Ukuvele ezihambayo uthuli emoyeni ezingasho njalo nqwamana nomunye ngaphansi isenzo kunyakaza ultrasonic. Nokho, ubungako bawo luyanda iqiniso lokuthi uhlangane. Coagulation yinqubo yokukhulisa le nezinhlayiya. Special isihlungi izicupho isisindo futhi uquqaba imihlambi yabo.

Machining materials ziyaqothuka futhi superhard

Uma ufaka phakathi workpiece kanye ebusweni zokusebenza ithuluzi usebenzisa ultrasound, impahla olwalwenza, izinhlayiya olwalwenza ngesikhathi ekusebenzeni kurediyetha kuzothinta kobuso ingxenye. Lapho le nto libhujiswa isuswe, ngaphansi ukucutshungulwa ezihlukahlukene mikroudarov iqondiswe. Kinematics yokwelashwa siqukethe ezinyakazayo main - ukusika ithuluzi wenziwe oscillation longitudinal secondary - ukunyakaza okuphakelayo, esizolokhu apharathasi.

Ultrasound uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Ukuze olwalwenza okusanhlamvu amandla umthombo longitudinal kunyakaza. Ukubhubhisa impahla ezenziwayo. ukondla ezinyakazayo (-accessory) kungaba isiyingi, transverse kanye longitudinal. ukwelashwa ultrasound has lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu. Kuye ngokuthi uhlobo olunjani sommbila olwalwenza, kuvela microns 1 kuya 50. Usebenzisa amathuluzi tabobunjwa, kungenzeka ukwenza hhayi kuphela imbobo kodwa futhi cutouts eziyinkimbinkimbi, izimbazo agobile oqoshiwe, sanding, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane-matrix ngisho idayimane sokuprakthiza. Isetshenziswa njengesici i material olwalwenza - corundum, idayimane, asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, Flint.

Ultrasound ngo-electronics

Le nqubo ultrasound ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa electronics. Kule ndawo, ngokuvamile kunesidingo ukubamba i kagesi isignali isihlobo kwezinye. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi isixazululo omuhle, uhlongoza ukusebenzisa ultrasonic ukubambezeleka umugqa (esifushanisiwe - LZ). Isenzo sabo kusekelwe yokuthi amaza kagesi aguqulwa ku ultrasonic kunyakaza lokukhanda. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Iqiniso ukuthi Isivinini ultrasonic kuyinto kakhulu esingaphansi ukuthi ezikhula amagagasi kagesi. Ingqikithi voltage emva ukuguqulwa reverse ku kagesi oscillations mechanical izobanjezelwa ngokuhlobene imigqa ekhishwa ishayela input.

Piezoelectric futhi transducers magnetostrictive asetshenziswa ukuguqula kunyakaza mechanical ku kagesi kanye okuphambene nalokho. LZ ngokufanele ihlukaniswe piezoelectric futhi magnetostrictive.

Ultrasound Ekwelapheni

Abahlukahlukene izinhlobo ultrasound zisetshenziselwa umthelela ephila eziphilayo. Zokwelapha, sekuyigama elisetshenziswa manje ethandwa kakhulu. Kusekelwe imiphumela ezenzeka kwezicubu yemvelo lapho udabula ultrasound. Amagagasi kubangele oscillations izinhlayiya medium, okuyinto kwakha uhlobo micro-massage kwezicubu. A ultrasound ukumuncwa kuholela Ukushisa bakhona. Nokho, uketshezi begazi zenzeka ezithile kugucuka physico-amakhemikhali. Lesi senzakalo kubangelwa esimweni umfutho ngokulinganisela kokulimala umsindo. Bathi nje ngcono umzimba, futhi ngaleyo ndlela nomthelela imisebenzi ebalulekile umzimba nabantu abacabanga kanjalo. imihlola okunjalo asetshenziswa ultrasonic ukwelashwa nihewule.

Ultrasound Zokuhlinza

Cavitation uqine Ukushisa at ephakeme kwemibala asihole izicubu ekubhujisweni. Lo mphumela isetshenziswa namuhla ekuhlinzeni. ultrasound Focal isetshenziselwa imisebenzi kuhlinzwa, ukunika amandla Ukuwohloka sendawo izakhiwo ezijulile (isib ubuchopho) ngaphandle kokulimaza ezizungezile. Izinsimbi zomculo ultrasonic kuhlinzwa asetshenziswa lapho ukuphela ukusebenza ine uhlobo babona blade, nommese, izinaliti. Iyehla iyenyuka onikezwe kubo, nika izimfanelo omusha kulezi amadivaysi. Force edingekayo ancipha kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ngincipha ukuhlinzwa ukuhlukumezeka. eboniswe Futhi imiphumela analgesic kanye hemostatic. Umthelela insimbi blunt nokusetshenziswa ultrasound isetshenziswa kukho ukubhubha umzimba uvele ezinye izinhlobo izimila.

Imiphumela kwezicubu begazi kwenziwa ukubhubhisa nezilwanyana ezincane kanye esetshenziswa izinqubo inzalo kwemikhiqizo yasekhemisi futhi amathuluzi yezokwelapha.

Lolu cwaningo yezitho zangaphakathi

Ngokuyinhloko, ukulitadisha komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Ngenxa yale njongo idivayisi ekhethekile. Ultrasound ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuhlukanisa anomalies ezihlukahlukene ezicutshini futhi izakhiwo yokwakheka. Ngokuvamile inkinga wukuthi: kukhona izinsolo umdlavuza futhi kudinga lihlukaniswe ekwakhekeni ingozi noma ezithathelwanayo.

Ultrasound kuyasiza ukutadisha sesibindi kweminye imisebenzi, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba ukuthola isimiso nezifo biliary, kanye Ukuhlola gallbladder ukuthola khona therein zamatshe nezinye pathologies. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kusetshenziswe ucwaningo isifo sokusha nezinye izifo ingozi ngokukhukhumala kwentamo isibindi.

Emkhakheni wezingalo zabesifazane, ikakhulu ukuhlaziya esibelethweni kanye kwesibeletho, isicelo of ultrasound isikhathi eside, indlela esemqoka lapho wenziwa waphumelela ngokukhethekile. Ngokuvamile, nayo kudingeka khona kwamangqamuzana izimila benign nesibulalayo, ngokuvamile kudinga okungcono Ngokuphambene kungenzeka futhi isixazululo ngekwendzawo. Imiphumela efanayo eyatholwa kungase kube usizo ekutadisheni ezihlukahlukene ezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa ultrasound amazinyo

Ultrasound futhi usethole isebenza amazinyo lapho isetshenziswa ukususa tartar. It ivumela okusheshayo, nokuhlinza ngaphandle kobuhlungu ukususa i-plaque kanye itshe. Ngakho mucosa ngomlomo akuyona balimala, "emaphaketheni" umgodi disinfected. Esikhundleni ubuhlungu isiguli ehlelwa imfudumalo.