Inkulumo: inkulumo ngezigaba. Izici izinhlobo inkulumo

Kuye izimo ezihlukahlukene, inombolo interlocutors, izethameli, isimo kanye nezinye izici lakhomba inani izinhlobo yokukhuluma. Bonke ngothi lwabo, nabo banombono ukufana okuthile.

Kukhona izinhlobo eziningana inkulumo, ngamunye okubhekisele ngokukhuluma noma ngokubhala.

Ukwahlukanisa amafomu yokukhuluma

Oral noma anolimi olubhalwayo ngolimi Russian umsindo. Izimpawu on the incwadi ukuveza ukubaluleka ngokushesha nje kuphela, kodwa futhi adlulisele isakhiwo umsindo wamazwi. Ukuze neieroglificheskih ulimi incwadi - it is kuphela uhlobo isifinyezo ulimi olukhulunywa.

Thanda umculi odlala umculo, usebenzisa amanothi, ukukhuluma kuphendukela ulimi kubhalwe kukhulunywa. Noma yimuphi umfundi umbhalo uthi cishe ochungechungeni yomsindo efanayo.

Ibhalwe simemezelo temlomo imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngamazwi ngokuvamile uyalandisa ingxoxo noma ingxoxo, njengoba sihlanganisa ukuvela obala, izinkulumo nezingxoxo. Ukubhala has a esisemthethweni ngaphezulu, ibhizinisi noma ewubuciko besayensi.

Ukukhuluma ekhuluma has a uhlamvu nesimo. Ezinye interlocutors baqonde nomunye kahle. Ukubhala umbhalo kudinga neziqinile, nokuchaza ngokunengqondo eyakhelwe. Umbhalo ngokuvumelana uhlelo, ukugcina yonke imithetho yolimi. Nakuba Ukukhuluma ngomlomo ageleza ngawodwana, ezinhlangothini nethuba amsize endaweni efanele.

Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlobo yokukhuluma kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana ezifana kwenkululeko, mode of nkulumo, abezindaba kanye nenani interlocutors.

inkhulumomphendvulwano

Izici kwenkulumo kulokhu itholakala lokuthi abantu ababili abakhuluma, uma-ke libizwa ngokuthi polylogue. Into esemqoka ukuthi zonke kwemifanekiso bahlanganiswe omunye isihloko kanye umqondo. Dialogue - indlela ukushintshanisa imibono. ithopholoji ngamunye kulandela kusukela kulowo odlule futhi kuliragelo okunengqondo. Imvelo tetinkhulumomphendvulwano incike uhlobano phakathi abemukeli Ikhodi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko nokuxhumana okunjalo: ithemba, ukulingana nokubambisana.

inkhulumomphendvulwano ngamunye isici oyiyo:

• buviyoviyo;
• the main okuyingxenye;
• nesiphetho.

Ngokombono theory umbono, mpendulwano akupheli, njengoba nocezu lokugcina uhlala njalo evulekile, kodwa uma uprakthiza, iyiphi inkhulumomphendvulwano inomkhawulo.

Emsebenzini walo esiyinhloko indlela yokuxhumana, kuba inkulumo nokuguqulwa. Ngisho e ukulungiswa mpikiswano yesayensi, akakwazi cabanga zonke line, ngoba ukusabela izilaleli boni ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuze inkhulumomphendvulwano labetibambile ngolwazi oludingekayo basekela ababambiqhaza bayo, kanye igebe omncane ulwazi izikhulumi. Uninformative kunethonya elibi emsebenzini okhiqizwayo inkulumo.

Kuye imigomo, izinjongo, indima interlocutors ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

• yasendlini;
• izingxoxo;
• ingxoxo Business, kanye nabanye.

Monologue

Leli gama libizwa inkulumo ethi enwetshiwe somuntu oyedwa vó. Monologue umlayezo okunenjongo ufuna ukudlulisela iqembu labantu. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho isikhalazo oqotho isilaleli noma umfundi, kuncike kuhanjiswa ifomu.

Kukhona futhi Monologue, kungukuthi sibhekiswe kumuntu othize, futhi indawo yedwa. Kulokhu, abazi zibangele noma iyiphi impendulo.

Common izinhlobo ezifana izincwadi Monologue:

• art inkulumo;
• enkantolo;
• ngokwesayensi.

Monologues kungaba ungakulungele futhi ngenhloso.

ukusebenza komphakathi oyedwa - ke imayelana. inkulumo ngezigaba kulokhu kanje:

1. Imininingwane. Monologue iyithuluzi ngokudlulisela ulwazi. Kulokhu, isikhulumi uyakucabangela amakhono bokusungula zezilaleli zakhe. Lolu hlobo kuhlanganisa izinkulumo, izethulo, imibiko, imilayezo.
2. Iyakholweka. Inkulumo, nozobamba emizwelweni. Kulokhu, isikhulumi uyakucabangela ukuzwela izilaleli zakhe. Lezi zihlanganisa ukubingelela, yokuvalelisa nezinye orations.
3. Isisusa. Isitatimende, okuyinto ekungizo akhuthaze abalaleli esenzweni. Lezi zihlanganisa izitatimende zezombusazwe, izikhalazo noma imibhikisho.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yokukhuluma zomphakathi kuyinto inkulumo wedwa. inkulumo ngezigaba kuye ngezinga of ukulungela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• olusemthethweni;
• olungekho emthethweni.

Monologue kusukela umbono kwengqondo kuyinto inkhulumomphendvulwano kancane more xaka, ikakhulukazi sikhulumi. Lokho inkulumo yayicacile, kuyaqondakala futhi awazona kukhona eziningi izidingo:

• isethulo anokuhambisana imibono;
• okungaguquki inkulumo stroke;
• nokulandela ulimi;
• orientation izici bokusungula nezinye izilaleli;
• isidingo acabangele state ngokwengqondo kwe-izilaleli;
• gcwele engamela.

lokubhala

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi lokubhala lwetemlomo - ophansi. Esimweni sokuqala kuba ephepheni, ikhompyutha, okwesibili - amagagasi emoyeni, lapho umsindo siyeza. Nokho, ingxenye ngokwengqondo kuyahlukahluka ephawuleka kakhulu.

Ukukhuluma kuyinto uchungechunge lapho izwi elilodwa kufanele kube yenzelwe sangaphambilini. Kukhona sici: lapho umsindo olandelayo umcabango, loko lokushiwo nakwetfulwa ngaphambi, kakade ukhohliwe, futhi isikhulumi kanye nabo isilaleli. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume ebhaliwe njengoba umfundi ungakwazi ngasiphi isikhathi sokubuyela emuva ngisho abheke umugqa ikusasa umyalezo. Okuwukuphela lapha indaba kunikezwa ezindimeni (a incwadi ehlanganisa imiqulu eminingi, noma ikholomu esihlokweni sephephandaba lapho omunye kulandela kusukela kulowo odlule).

Lesi sici inikeza lokubhala inzuzo phambi ngomlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhalo ukuhumusha kusiza ukufunda khona ngokuphelele, ephumula nokulungisa isigaba sakhe njalo.

Ukuze ngokubhala, futhi, kunezinzuzo zako. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, umlobi Ungahlela futhi ulungise indaba yakho, wasinikeza isakhiwo ecacile, ngaphandle kokuba ukhathazeke ngokulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Unekhono ukwengeza sobuhle bayo umbhalo wakho, uyifunde futhi usucabanga ngokuthi lo msebenzi sizothinta umfundi umbono uyoveza. Nakuba isikhulumi phansi hhayi ungaqiniseka ukuthi 100% we ulwazi kuqondwe izilaleli.

Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubhala umuntu - kuyinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi edinga indlela ekhethekile abanekhono. Enye into eyindida itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kuphela esebenzisa inkulumo encwadini kukhona zibabazo, ngenkathi inguqulo ngomlomo lokhu buviyoviyo, ukushukuma komzimba, isimo sobuso, ukuhambisana.

izibonelo ezisemqoka izinkulumo phezu incwadi - lena incwadi lapho abalingiswa ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa mpendulwano / Polylog futhi okuqukethwe monologues.

Ukukhuluma

The main owaqalwa inkulumo - nguye senzeka ngesimo ingxoxo, ingxoxo. Amagama waqamba eyayivame. Ngamagama ezingokwengqondo, lokhu ngendlela elula yokukhuluma. Akutlhogeki isethulo eningiliziwe, ngokuvamile umthombo ku inqubo ukuqonda isitha sakho. Enkulumweni eyayivame indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa umongo. Ngoba ngenxa yakhe, izingxoxo Ungashintshanisa amazwi, ekunciphiseni ibinzana kukhulunywa.

Lolu hlobo mbuzo ivumela ukusetshenziswa kolimi nonliterary. It ngokuvamile utholakala olungamukelekile, neologisms, efaneleyo, ezilimi eziyimixhantela futhi ngisho inhlamba.

inkulumo asebenzayo

Kuye indima isilaleli kungenziwa eyabelwe izwi yekwentiwa. Inkulumo Ukwahlukanisa kulesi simo incike ukuziphatha umsekeli ophumile.

Anyone lalela futhi wenza umzamo ukuba baqonde lokho ekushoyo nalokho umcabango uzama adlulisele kuye. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: lapho oqondayo, ke imiqulu okwengeziwe zonke wezwa sisekhanda lakhe. Ngenxa yalesi Izwi elikhulunywe afundwa kakhulu engqondweni. Ngaphandle, awusebenzi ukuzibonakalisa. Futhi isilaleli kungaba asebenzayo noma kungathí diki. Ngesisekelo lokho kwenziwe futhi wathi ngezigaba yokukhuluma lwabelwe injalo yekwentiwa.

inkulumo Active kungaba nokuguqulwa kakhulu, kuvela ngaphakathi. Kulokhu, lo muntu uthi ngokuzwakalayo lokho efika engqondweni.

izwi yekwentiwa

izwi Passive - kuba kwindlela isilaleli ephinda amazwi womngane wakhe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwabo. Kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho kuba ukuphindaphindwa Kugqashuka, futhi lo muntu kulandela abaphikisi bakhe asebenzayo. Izici kwenkulumo kulokhu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umlandzi abhekana kakhulu ngempumelelo nge umgomo wayo, umbono kanjani izilaleli.

inkulumo kinetic

Ikulumo ukunyakaza abantu basinda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ekuqaleni, kwaba cishe indlela kuphela ukuxhumana kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi ezibalulekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuningi osekushintshile. Manje uhlobo kinetic yokukhuluma isetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Ukushukuma ngiveze indlela ukuxhumana, abalaleli Tune fashion oyifunayo.

Kodwa kulezi zinsuku, wawusanamathele iqembu labantu abasebenzisa inkulumo kinetic njengendlela yabo eyinhloko yokuxhumana. Lokhu abayizithulu abalwazi babe lolimi lwezandla kubalulekile ukuze siphile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengoba inkulumo kinetic womuntu lasendulo siguqulwe, olwesimanje lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.

inkulumo yangaphandle

Lokhu uhlobo lolwazi ngqo okuhlobene inqubo. Akunandaba ukuthi isikhulumi ehilelekile polylogue noma inkhulumomphendvulwano, noma sinikeza Monologue, konke lokhu kubonisa yokukhuluma zangaphandle. Ngamanye amazwi, isici zako ezisemqoka - kungcono amazwi zikhulunywa ngokuphimisela. Iqhaza yokukhuluma kulokhu ukunikeza umlayezo ulwazi ongashadile noma iqembu labantu.

inkulumo kwangaphakathi

inkulumo Inner - iyona core ekucabangeni kwabantu, umsebenzi wayo bayazi. Ngamanye amazwi, kungumuntu, okuyinto, ngaphandle kwakhe, akekho ungezwa. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi nale nqubo kuthiwa wadonsa isibalazo olubonakalayo noma ezinye ukukhala ahlukahlukene. Singasho sinqume ukuthi lowo muntu okuthile badideke futhi ngaphakathi it is kokuba inkhulumomphendvulwano obucacile (Monologue).

Izibonelo zalolu hlobo yokukhuluma zivamile. Abantu abaningi mpendulwano yangaphakathi, ukuze bona ukukholisa okuthile, ukufakazela okuthile wena noma umane ekhuthaza ngezenzo ezithile.

inkhulumongco

Cishe ezingxoxweni abanekhono kuhilela ireferensi imithombo yokuqala umcabango. Ngakho ukufakazela icala labo, isikhulumi kusekelwe imicabango yabantu zabantu ezinkulu, ochwepheshe noma iyiphi inkundla noma yimuphi omunye iziphathimandla. Ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso amagama angenhla, ngokuvamile besebenzisa izingcaphuno noma inkhulumongco.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wesayensi, nokudlala emphakathini, izinkulumo, izingxoxo, nokunye. N. Abadinga kokucaphuna imithombo eyamukelwayo. inkhulumongco - kuyindlela engcono ukufaka embhalweni emithonjeni efana.

Inkulumo ucaphuna umngcele ebekwe ezilandelayo imigomo avelele buviyoviyo, ngokubhala le njongo kukhona zibabazo.

izitayela inkulumo

Isitayela ngokuthi ngokomlando athuthukile ngokolimi imithombo uhlelo, kanye nezindlela inhlangano yabo. Zonke izici zokuphila kwethu womuntu oluhambisana isitayela esithile yokukhuluma.

Bonke 'zinezikhathi zezici elandelayo:

• endaweni lapho isitayela sisetshenziswa;
• imisebenzi eyisisekelo;
• okuholela izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala;
• izici namalimi wemiphakathi;
• amafomu ethize noma izinhlobo.

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu yokuxhumana - lena ke. inkulumo ngezigaba kungaba kwenziwe futhi by izitayela. It ihlukaniswe yaba incwadi kanye okuxoxa. Lokho kwenza nathi ncwadi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezine ezivamile: kwezobuciko, ezesayensi, ibhizinisi esemthethweni futhi lesibonwa. Noma yimaphi kula izitayela - inkulumo kolimi, elingelinye noma enye izici zokuphila kwethu.

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo imisebenzi yobuciko tetemibhalo, okuyinto abacebile epithets, izingathekiso izindlela yokukhuluma.

Ukuze lesibonwa isitayela sengqondo babe izihloko kanye zokwakha eyanyatheliswa emakhasini nakomagazini. Lapha siba inkulumo kohlaziyo.

isitayela Scientific ziyabonisa futhi izihloko, izifushaniso, azibhala, ema-eseyi, izincwadi, ama-dissertation.

ibhizinisi Esemthethweni oluyisisekelo imibhalo ensimini ngayinye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izitatimende, imibiko, umbiko, amanothi achazayo, namarisidi kanye nabanye.

Ukwahlukanisa inkulumo isitayela ubukeka okufanayo ngazo zonke izilimi. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela ezinye izici ukuthi kunezelwa ezizweni zonke ngenxa ukuthabela umlando onothileko kanye namasiko.