Umsuka Ulimi: eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma nemibono

Enye yezimfihlakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuphileni kwabantu mkhulu ulimi. Njengoba wabonakala, kungani abantu uthanda ukukhuluma nabantu nge-ke, lapho emhlabeni ngakho izinhlobo kakhulu yokukhuluma? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo ayisihloko ucwaningo.

eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma begazi umsuka ulimi

Uma sibheka umsuka ulimi, ithiyori asitshela lukhulu kithi. Bonke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: yemvelo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo.

Iqembu lokuqala eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngokuthi sigcina ekuthuthukiseni lesi sithombe namalimi abantu ezihambisana ne ukuthuthukiswa ubuchopho bakhe futhi apharathasi vocal. Lena imfundiso yokuziphendukela sifutamsindvo, othi amagama enkulumweni yomuntu uvele njengenhlangano belingisa imihlola zomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu baye bezwa umsindo umoya, izinyoni, nikhale, ukubhonga bestial futhi udale amazwi.

Lo mbono uchaza umsuka nokuthuthukiswa kolimi belingisa umsindo wemvelo, ngokushesha sinqatshelwe. Ngempela, kukhona amagama ukulingisa umsindo zomhlaba ezizungezile. Kodwa izikhathi eziningi umsindo bemvelo emizini yakithi ayisekho wezwa, nokuthi amagama amasha zidalwe ngayo ngezinye izindlela.

Umsuka ulimi, ukuthuthukiswa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela amagama nemisho - konke lokhu kungaphansi kolimi izifundo. Kakade endulo lokhu kwakwenziwa ngokulinganisa kososayensi, isikhungo, wadlala indima ethile kanye imfundiso yokuziphendukela utibone. It wayevela ekhulwini le-18.

essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi amagama okuqala lokuveza ezahlukene uthi ngokomzwelo, futhi bavela okokuqala inkulumo ukukhala ngokomzwelo.

inkontileka nomphakathi

Abaningi baye baphenya umsuka ulimi, yezilimi njengoba isayensi akhiwa lezi ososayensi. Kancane kancane, imfundiso begazi umsuka ulimi ayengamfuni, bona kwathathelwa indawo emphakathini.

imibono enjalo imane kolimi uvele endulo. Diodor Sitsiliysky wagomela ukuthi abantu bavumelana nomunye mayelana nendlela igama lezinto ngendlela ethile. Lezi imibono eyenziwa sefilosofi French Jean-Zhak Russo ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

ukubukwa Engels '

Umsuka nokuthuthukiswa kolimi idonse njalo ososayensi ababefuna yokuxazulula le mfumbe. kwakukhona umsebenzi Fridriha Engelsa "Indima Labor in the Inguquko kusuka Ape Man" ngo-1876. Umqondo oyinhloko, okuletha Engels, Umshicilelo wukuthi okhuluma nomthelela ekuguquleni kwenkawu ukuba indoda futhi ithuthukiswe zonke iqembu phakathi ngokuhlanganyela zabasebenzi senzo. Bekanye Karlom Marksom, Engels wadala eziningi umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma. yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo okwalandela ngemvelaphi ulimi eladabuka Marx no Engels.

Ngokwe umbono Engels, ulimi ngiqaphele kukhona eduze ahlobene komunye nomunye, futhi ngesisekelo ukwazi imsebenti webantfu esisebenzayo. Kancane kancane, ngosizo ekukhuleni komphakathi, zikhona izilimi zezigodi ezihlukahlukene inkulumo yomuntu futhi ukubonakaliswa abalazi kwezakhi elite umphakathi iba ulimi tetemibhalo, okuphikisana ulimi lwesigodi kazwelonke. Ngakho, ngokombono Engels, kungukungcola ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi German kanye nesiNgisi.

Kwendlela uNkulunkulu asungula ngayo ulimi

Ulimi, kuhlanganise izincwadi, kuyisipho anikeze indoda ngaphezu kukaNkulunkulu. Sasicabanga ongqondongqondo eziningi kangaka esikhathini esidlule. Grigoriy Nissky, wayecabangisisa Christian ovelele, wabhala ukuthi "isipho sokukhuluma wanika uNkulunkulu indoda." ukubukwa Okufanayo aphethwe futhi Vilgelm Gumboldt. Ngokusho kwakhe, inkulumo wanikwa indoda amabutho saphezulu, futhi lokhu kuye kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso, ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa ngaphambi. Kanye ukudalwa umzimba womuntu uNkulunkulu ayekufake enhliziyweni yakhe futhi ikhono lokukhuluma. Nge lo mbono, kuba umbono ofanayo monogenesis izilimi indaba kweBhayibheli ngendlela iNkosi lenhloni ezilimini amadoda, ukuze bangezwani uma nomunye.

Le nguqulo iye yathuthukiswa yi izazi ezinjengo-Alfredo Trombetti, uNicholas Marr, u-Alexander Melnychuk. sezilimi American Morris Swadesh kwafakazela ukhona omkhulu macrofamilies ulimi nezibopho zomkhaya phakathi kwazo. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo - nostratic, sifaka Kartvelian, Dravidian, yama-Altaic, sigodzi Eskimo-Aleut. bona bonke enifana ngazo.

Manje ake sihlole imvelaphi abanye babo.

Umsuka isiRashiya: Isikhathi Old

isiRashiya ingenye ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. It is olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-260. Ingabe yesihlanu ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

History of the ulimi Russian has nezikhathi eziningi. Isikhathi sokuqala sokuthuthuka - Russian lasendulo, eyathatha kusukela ngekhulu lesithupha kuya nane AD leminyaka. isikhathi Old yahlukaniswa preliterate, okungukuthi, kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-11, futhi ebhaliwe, kusukela ngekhulu le-11. Kodwa kusukela ngekhulu le-11 kukhona nokwahlukana ulimi asendulo angena zezigodi ehlukile. Lokhu kungenxa ayehlasela AmaTatar, nge ukwehlukaniswa Russia obumbene ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Umsuka isiRashiya yesimanje eladabuka Mayelana nokwenzeka kamuva, kodwa ezikhathini zanamuhla kukhona izingqimba zakudala silulumagama.

Old kwesikhathi Russian

Eyesibili inkathi ukuthuthukiswa - Staraya Russa, eyathatha kusukela nane ekhulwini lesikhombisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwelinye isiko ephila izingqimba ezimbili ezahlukene - Isonto inguqulo Russian of lwesigodi kanye nolimi langempela Russian tetemibhalo, esekelwe zezigodi abantu. Ngenxa yalokho, wona kuqala ukwanda eMoscow isiKoine.

History of the ulimi Russian ikuvumela ukubona kwamiswa kanjani, yini kwalahleka izici zayo enqubeni kumiswa. Kakade Old kwesikhathi Russian wanyamalala izici ezifana ezimbili, egqwalile izinhlobo yokubiza (Nokho, lapho, wahlala ngolimi Ukraine), abangu obumbene ka Nokwehla.

ulimi kazwelonke Russian

Ukuqala ukwakheka ulimi kazwelonke Russian angabhekwa a nekhulu lesikhombisa. Umsuka samuntu layo lamanje iphathelene nokwenzeka kamuva, okungukuthi kusukela ngekhulu le-19. nethonya elikhulu lasungulwa kwadingeka Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

Ekhulwini lesikhombisa kanye nesishiyagalombili kancane kancane unciphise kwenkululeko ukusetshenziswa Church lwamaSlav ulimi, nomphakathi uya wokuziphilisa ngaphezulu zezwe udunyiswa. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili wabeka nemithetho yohlelo lolimi Russian nelupelomagama, futhi indima enkulu lokhu eyadlalwa Mihail vasilevich Lomonosov. "Lolimi Russian" wakhe uba isisekelo ososayensi izazi zezilimi esizayo nazo zonke abanesithakazelo lolimi Russian, lexicology, morphology.

umsebenzi Pushkin sika ekugcineni kwakhiwa ulimi etemibhalo Russian futhi waluvumela ukuba ukuthatha indawo yayo efanele emhlabeni. inkulumo Russian kazwelonke libhekene yokuthi indima izikweletu impela high kuwo. Uma ekhulwini lesikhombisa, bafika kusukela lesiPolish e nesishiyagalombili - kusukela Dutch nesiJalimane, ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwamaJuda isiFulentshi, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka amabili amabili nanye - IsiZulu. Futhi manje amagama ivela isiNgisi, makhulu.

Yini ukuthi isazi eyaziwa kule mkhakha wocwaningo, njengoba umsuka ulimi? Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kunezibhamu eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlobene isiRashiya, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela lolu daba engakaze ucaciswa, futhi okwamanje.

Kanjani ulimi Ukrainian

ulimi Ukraine uvele ngesisekelo lwesigodi efanayo Russian. Umsuka ulimi Ukraine kungokwalabo ekhulwini weshumi nane. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusuka nane ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili athuthukile ubudala Ukraine, futhi kusukela ngasekupheleni nesishiyagalombili - kuyinto Ukrainian yesimanje.

Basics of ulimi etemibhalo Ukrainian athuthukile Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky owadala imisebenzi engafiyo "Aeneid" futhi "Natalka Poltavka". Kuwo, ngobuqili ihlanganisa Motifs kwezincwadi lasendulo namaqiniso okuphila kwakhe wesimanje. Kodwa umsuka lwesigodi Ukrainian, ososayensi abaningi ngezikaNkulunkulu ubuqambi Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Kuyinto yokugcina alethwe ezingeni izilimi Ukrainian emhlabeni eyinqaba. Ukudala Shevchenko Ukrainian inikwe amandla ukuba baveze imizwa yabo. Imisebenzi enjalo ngokuthi "Kobzar", "Nkosikazi", "Dream", ziye zahunyushelwa nakwezinye izilimi zomhlaba, futhi umlobi eyenziwe yinkampani wabalobi edume kunazo nezazi zefilosofi, owanika abantu amagugu amasha.

Umsuka ulimi Ukraine ufundwa abacwaningi abaningi kuhlanganise nososayensi Canadian owaziwa.

Kungani-ke isiZulu esidumile kangaka

IsiZulu yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi emhlabeni ngemva isiMandarin saseChina neSpanishi. Inani labantu abakhuluma ke, ivame ukuba kwabantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Umsuka wegama izilimi emhlabeni kubo bonke, ikakhulukazi kulabo ofundelwa English. Manje is kabanzi ibhizinisi, ezohwebo, ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uMbuso waseBrithani yanqoba nengxenye umhlaba yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Okwamanje umthelela omkhulu emhlabeni kukhona United States, limi olusemthethweni okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ngesiNgisi.

Umlando kolimi kaShakespeare ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezahlukene. -Anglo yayikhona kusukela ingxenye yesihlanu yayo phezu nanye AD leminyaka, Ephakathi English - kusukela nanye ngekhulu nanhlanu kanye nanhlanu besikhathi sethu kukhona eNew England. Kufanele ukuthi umsuka ulimi lwesiLatini has a lot ukwenzani umsuka ngesiNgisi.

Ngo ukwakheka kwenkulumo British esadlala ababalulekile izilimi zezizwe ezihlukahlukene owayehlala ezweni isikhathi eside, kanye ngolimi Viking, okuyinto ehlasela isiqhingi. Kamuva kwafika Normans eBrithani. Siyabonga kubo, ngolimi lwesiNgisi waba ichibi elikhulu amazwi French. Uilyam Shekspir - umlobi edlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni abakhileyo ulimi Albion. Imisebenzi yakhe baye baba nakumasiko leBritain. Umsuka kolimi, imfundiso okuyinto ziningi kakhulu, ngenxa ithonya of abalobi ezidumile.

Manje IsiZulu unesikhundla ehola emhlabeni. Kuyinto wokuxhumana kwi-inthanethi, isayensi kanye ibhizinisi. Iningi izinqubo ukuxoxisana emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukuxhumana zamanxusa ezenzeka ngesiNgisi.

Inombolo zezigodi likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinguqulo ngamunye English American.