Kuyini indishi emfuleni? Izinhlobo imifula. Umqondo nakangaka

Eplanethini yethu - amashumi ezinkulungwane imifula nemifudlana. Futhi ngamunye wabo, ngisho encane kakhulu, kukhona indawo ngawo eliluqoqayo amanzi alo. Kulesi sihloko siyaphi, lokho pool komfula, futhi ukuthi nakangaka ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda mayelana ezinkulu imifula Zomhlaba.

Kuyini indishi emfuleni?

Amanzi, njengoba sazi, siyahamba njalo. It uwela komhlaba ngesimo imvula, yiyo kanye izingxenye ezakhe izindima ziphakeme kakhulu impumuzo kule aphansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke la manzi kunoma iyiphi wamanzi.

Ukusakaza Small uhlangane ukwakha ukusakaza encane. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, iyangena isiteshi emikhulu. Uma ngokucophelela ibalazwe ngokomzimba ngendzawo, uzophawula ukuthi yonke imifula yakha phezu Umhlaba iphethini eyinqaba. Ngu uhlaka zangaphandle kufana womuntu semithambo inethiwekhi noma uchungechunge izihlahla branched. Ngayinye yalezi "mithi" - umfula uhlelo olulodwa. Futhi manje ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini umcengezi emfuleni.

Esithombeni ngezansi ungabona isithombe zakudala emfuleni uhlelo. Lena iqhinga lokuphamba umcengezi emfuleni. Lapha I Roman inani ubonisa umfula oyinhloko, futhi izinombolo II - nemingenela yayo. Le ndawo echazwa obomvu kunodeshi umugqa, futhi kuyoba okwesikhathi uhlelo samanzi emfuleni inikezwe.

Ngakho, lokho umcengezi emfuleni? Le ndawo, okuyinto eqoqa amanzi lokhu noma lokhuya uhlelo. Isigodi soMfula i-ingabizwa futhi ngokuthi i-nakangaka, noma ngisho kulula - ongumlando. Konke lokhu abhekisela umqondo ofanayo womhlaba.

Yiziphi imifula?

Zonke imicengezi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• imfucuza (imifula main ukuthi baphathe amanzi abo aphelela olwandle noma ulwandle);
• undrained (emifuleni main iyangena amadamu, neze exhunywe ne izilwandle).

Imifula zihlukaniswe zibe:

• olukha phezulu;
• ngomshoshaphansi.

Surface ingxenye umcengezi lokuqoqa amanzi futhi umswakama okuyinto iqoqa phezu kobuso bomhlaba, futhi phansi, ngokulandelana - ezivela emithonjeni engaphansi phansi. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ubukhulu kanye imingcele komhlaba okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi kunzima kakhulu ukunquma. Yingakho hydrologists ngokuvamile ucabangele kuphela olukha phezulu okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi izindawo kokuhlaziywa kanye kwebalingisi of ethile umfula uhlelo.

Ifomu, umumo kanye nosayizi ethile umfula umcengezi kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi: indawo kohlelo emfuleni, nesimo sendawo, izimila, yokuma komhlaba sezwe, njll

Okukhulu imifula planethi

Le ndawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kuyinto esifundeni sase-Amazon, okuyinto oluthatha cishe ingxenye yesithathu kuleli zwekazi South American. Futhi ngobukhulu ngokuya okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Kulandele Congo Basin (Africa) kuya eMississippi (eNyakatho Melika). Nkinga yamanzi ngobukhulu emhlabeni kuyinto somfula River iVolga.

Ithebula elilandelayo ubala emfuleni imicengezi eyishumi elikhulu iplanethi nge endaweni yabo futhi indawo.

Uyini nakangaka?

Uma sibuyela isikimu okwethulwa ngayo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ungabona obomvu emideni emaqatjhazi. Lena nakangaka - umngcele phakathi imifula.

Ukuze ukucabanga ngokucacile ukuthi kwanele ukuthatha itshe elincane oblong (okungcono nge isihloko ezicijile) uwathele aconse amanzi. Uzobona ukuthi enye ingxenye amanzi wathela ngeke kuyayiqeda emhlabathini ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale itshe, kanye nezinye - ngakolunye.

Ukukhuluma ulimi isayensi, eyayiwuphawu - kuba umugqa ngengqondo ku surface eMhlabeni, ohlukanisa amabili (noma ngaphezulu) okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi eduze futhi aqondise ukugeleza kwezulu asemkhathini zibheke. Ngu Isifaniso ne watersheds emfuleni umcengezi nazo ihlukaniswe nemanti aphasi.

Izici futhi izibonelo watersheds

Kusobala impela ukuthi umugqa nakangaka e iyiphi wesifunda kufanele kudlule ningi sublime zakhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni sezintaba, bavame ukusebenzisa eduze crests lwezinkalo kanti ezinye iziqongo. Emathafeni ase-the watersheds e ngempumuzo omnene. Lapha zivame ukumelela endaweni isikhala elikhulu eliyisicaba okungakhelwa isiqondiso kwamanzi ishintshwe njalo.

Omunye umthetho ezinkulu zemvelo: ayanda umugqa nakangaka kuyinto, ayanda futhi ngokushesha kuyoba izinga ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokwemvelo zonke emifuleni nasemihosheni ukuthi ukugeleza kuwo.

Eyayiwuphawu main zaleli zwekazi esasihlukanisa watersheds kwezilwandle ezahlukene, ngokuthi leli zwekazi. ERussia, eyayiwuphawu ngobukhulu iyona Valdai Hills. Kulapha owasungula emifuleni ngobukhulu European: eVolga, Dnieper, Western Dvina. Enye nakangaka ezibalulekile Russia - I Ural Ukhahlamba. Imifula ukuthi ageleze phansi esuka amagquma ayo entshonalanga, baphathe amanzi abo e-Arctic Ocean. Ukusakaza ehla evela emithambekeni esempumalanga Urals, kamuva siguqulelwa nemingenela ebaluleke kakhulu eMfuleni OB - kwekulu uhlelo emfuleni eSiberia.