Imodi iZambezi. Lapho umfula uthululela ku neZambezi?

AbaMhlophe bokuqala wathola emfuleni iZambezi kule XIX leminyaka (D. Livingston), nabakhileyo bomdabu base-Afrika bokuzisholo wakhe Kasambo Ueyzi. Ugu welula ngokusebenzisa eziyisithupha uthi yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Lapho umfula uthululela ku neZambezi? Kwesokudla E-Indian Ocean, obumba esizalweni somfula eye yasakazwa kabanzi. Ubude bayo 2600 km. It akha impophoma amahle emfuleni - Victoria. Kuyinto eyingqayizivele zazo bayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Yakhiwa edamini esakha ezinkulu ngezindinganiso zezwe Reservoir Kariba. IZambezi Basin Kugcizelela ne lingakanani, endaweni eziyizigidi ezingu-1,57 square metres. km.

Kusukela yomthombo kuya ku-delta

IZambezi avela neZambia enyakatho-ntshonalanga, lapho Indawo exhaphozini futhi inamagquma. Istok itholakala ezingeni ukuphakama 1.5 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kube inama obukhulu, amahlathi cishe njengomuzi ongangeneki. Umfula siqondiswe eningizimu-ntshonalanga, bese uphendukela eningizimu (at 240 km kusuka umthombo), ukuvumela amanzi ku nemingenela yabo yokuqala amancane angaphansi komhlaba sondleke.

Ngangiqala nohlaza - iyona Insimu savannah: ezingavamile amahlathi omile futhi ezihlabayo. Ngemva impophoma encane Chavuma, bewela umngcele Angola, umfula wabuyela eZambia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho wamanzi ikhulisa ngenxa ziyamaniswa nokungangeni ezinkulu (Lungvebungd, cabomba), futhi ngemva kwaso ewela ngaphakathi Ngvambe floodland kuba kancane kancane ingasheshi, Uvula eningizimu-mpumalanga.

Ngemva waterfall neZambezi Ngoni enwetshiwe ngumuntu inflow ezinkulu - emfuleni Kwando - futhi uphendukela empumalanga, ingasheshi phambi kwe-waterfall "main" (Victoria). Ngokudlula edamini Cabora Bassa, la manzi omfula iZambezi agelezela esigodini, lapho isiteshi engajulile futhi ekhelini. Ezansi kwamanzi ukuxhumana echibini Njasa (inflow Shire) futhi aqondise e-Indian Ocean. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe bheka imifula Afrika ebalazweni.

IZambezi Delta has a obuphelele okukhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu 5 sq. M. km. Nokho, navigation kunzima ngenxa yemvelo isihlabathi imali kanye shallowing we imikhono. Lokhu kungenxa nokwakhiwa kwamadamu. I passable kuphela imikhumbi Sleeve - Shinde.

Umbuso emfuleni iZambezi kanye Imikhuba yokudla

IZambezi avela sendawo enezintaba a sezulu nakwezifudumele. Kule nsimu ehlobo izimvula ezina kakhulu uhlobo imvula isikhathi eside. Lezi izimvula, eqinisweni, yakha emfuleni, futhi ibuye ibe umthombo oyinhloko wamandla. Futhi ngezinga elincane wamanzi bondliwa komhlaba marshland. Lolu hlobo ugesi libhekene ikakhulukazi umfula.

IZambezi emfuleni umbuso kuhambisana izinguquko njalo kule amazinga amanzi. Kusukela ngo-March kuya Novemba (ebusika zaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesomiso) flow angashoni kakhulu, futhi agcwaliswa futhi ngo-November, okwandisa izinga yayo 1.5 m. Basengozini yokuthi uma lina emfuleni kungenziwa ngokuthi enobudlova, ihamba omningi amanzi uquqaba nge okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugeleza rate.

ukusetshenziswa

Umphakathi ohlala kule ndawo la manzi omfula iZambezi elisemcengezini, matasa kakhulu kwezolimo. Nokho, la manzi omfula iZambezi emfuleni umbuso kuyinto oluyingozi ukuze usebenzise amanzi alo ukunisela akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa lapha athuthukiswe kahle lokudoba. Wamanzi bandile izinhlanzi kokubili elincane lelikhulu, izinhlobo eziningi - endemics. Ukudoba - imali eyinhloko bendawo. Lezi zinhlanzi isetshenziswe kuphela ukudla kodwa futhi ngoba yokuzalanisa nethange: iZambezi - olwenzeka endaweni esingokwemvelo sazo zonke izinto enameva zakho ozithandayo kanye cichlids.

Facilities ku emfuleni

Lokhu kusakaza amanzi anikeza umzimba amandla, ezifundazweni eziningana eningizimu yezwekazi, ngenxa izitshalo Hydropower Kariba kanye Cabora Bassa. Nokho, imodi olukhethekile eMfuleni iZambezi okubangelwa ukwakhiwa iziteshi, okuyinto ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni of izitshalo Hydropower. Kodwa lokhu kuholela enye inkinga: edamini delta phansi imikhono. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo (ngezansi Cabora Bassa), ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfula waba imikhumbi.

Indlela iZambezi ligijima emazweni amaningana futhi izifunda eziningi, ngakho esibalulekile khona amabhuloho ezinhlanu egcwele, ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana Interregional kanye inter-State.

Ukuhlukahlukana yemvelo

IZambezi amanzi, yavama hhayi kuphela ezihlukahlukene izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi, ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana futhi ezinkulu ezizingelayo: oshaka, inkunzi, izingwenya kanye ukuqapha izibankwa. Esogwini eziningi izilwane nezinyoni bukhoma: izimvubu, izindlovu, izindlulamithi, amadube, izindwandwe, ezinkozi Umkhomo. Wabuke zivakashi sihamba ngesikebhe, noma ngokuvakashela esinye eziningi nemvelo reserves noma amapaki safari.

ezokuvakasha

IZambezi emfuleni izivakashi Anglers. Lapha ungakwazi ukuthatha ngenela ngomvuzo. Ngenxa sebuningini imibundu abalandeli kude kakhulu Alloys zithandwa yalesi ukusakaza.

It is emhlabeni wonke impophoma "intuthu Gremyashchy" (Victoria) eyaziwa. It has a isilinganiso eziyingqayizivele ububanzi ukuphakama (1,800 x 120 m). Waterfall ezakhelene iziqiwi kuhlale imikhaya konke izilwane ezinkulu, kukhona eminye obhejane ivelakancane emhlophe. abathandi kancane esezansi ukuphakamisa ukwenza kayaking.

Ukuze isikhathi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuvakashela, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi la manzi omfula iZambezi nezinye imifula Afrika, kumephu ungabona imizila esiqondile izinkambo ehlelekile.