Kunstkamera - emnyuziyamu futhi semfundo

Ngonyaka odlule muzeyu of Anthropology futhi Ethnography yaqanjwa Petra Velikogo kugujwa iminyaka engu-300. Kuyinto uhulumeni owalandela Museum weningi wokuqala Russia, eyasungulwa uMbusi ngo-1714. Kunstkamera - lena enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi omdala iminyuziyamu ethnographic, e Isikhwama yakhe ine amakhophi angaphezu kuka-1.2 million.

njengoba nje

Ngokombono umdali, usengomunye wokuba umbhidisi umcabango ngokwesayensi zeYurophu esikhathini umphakathi waseRussia. Kunstkamera - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe kusekelwe isibonelo amazwe aseYurophu. Ngesisekelo inhlangano iqoqo kwalethwa ngu-Peter mina uhambo lokuqala lezombusazwe Yurophu ngesikhathi kubusa "embasi Omkhulu". Phambi kwakhe, akekho kusukela tsars Russian hhayi Uzame vakashela I-Europe.

Unyaka wonke, uPetru ngineminyaka engu phesheya-incognito njengoba iphoyisa Petra Mihaylova, kanye Embassy wavakashela amazwe amaningana. Watadisha Amahhovisi iqoqo lomuntu siqu ososayensi, ngakhuluma ochwepheshe European, ebamema ukuba asebenze eRussia, wafunda e ukuhweba parallel kanye nesayensi. UPetru wayeseyibamba uhambo lwesibili ngemva engamashumi amabili.

UPetru Okokuqala eYurophu

imininingwane Akwaziwa ukuhambela kwakhe ukuthi kukhona isici izidingo zakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba ayefike ku Dresden kusihlwa, uPetru, ngemuva kwehora kobusuku waya idina ngijwayele ukuqoqwa Kunstkammer yaseNdiya, lapho yahlala kwaze kwaba sekuseni, uzifunde ngokucophelela kwesigaba zomculo zezibalo kanye izikebhe namathuluzi. Imibukiso Kunstkammer nesithakazelo kakhulu kuwo, ngosuku ehlala e Dresden ngemva kokubukela umzimba ezempi, yezikhali futhi Foundry endlini wesibili nowesithathu, waphinde wabuyela kubo.

ENetherlands, ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi ngalendoda wazila sarcophagus Roman, inkosi Russian waveza isifiso sawo sokuba ukumbona. Ngemva kokuhamba yomnikazi waloba ukuthi uPeter Omkhulu wathola ilungelo ukubona ehhovisi lakhe, kodwa lapho ezwa ukuthi into kugcinwa endaweni emnyama yokugcina izimpahla, wafuna izinto ngenkani candelabras nge amakhandlela Uyalinga yonke ebhokisini ezinye izibalo zayo, ukuguqa.

emnyango khulula

Isinqumo ku ukusungulwa the Kunstkammer kwakungeyona, kodwa isisekelo Museum lihlotshaniswa oda uPetru mina ukudlulisela Petersburg iqoqo yangasese kanye nomtapo, kanye ukuqoqwa "Naturals" futhi izincwadi ehhovisi Aptekarskaya.

Amaqoqo sezibekwe e Ihlobo Palace yenkosi, futhi kamuva, ngo-1719, - e emakamelweni ashaqa amakhasethi Boyar Kikin, ngawo lowo nyaka Kunstkamery ziphephile ezazitholakala esidlangalaleni oda yenkosi.

Njengoba le nganekwane wasendulo, uPetru mina, wangena Museum nge rarities, wamemezela ukuthi manje wonke umuntu ithuba lokujwayela idivayisi zomzimba womuntu nezilwane, kanye ukuhlola izinambuzane eziningi, ukuvumela abantu nibheka umhlaba olungafani abakhileyo emhlabeni. Umsizi yinkosi Earl Yaguzhinskii waphawula ukuthi Curiosities (Petersburg) edinga ukusekelwa ngokwezimali futhi wazicelela ukuba ukushaja ukuvakashelwa ngalinye dollar elilodwa. Inkosi yakwa- isiphakamiso akakuthandanga futhi wanquma ukwenza okuphambene, njalo guest abeza aphathe ne itiye, ikhofi noma nge-vodka. Ngokushesha lo mqaphi induna ngonyaka labelwa ngoba ruble 400 ukwelapha izivakashi. Lolusiko uye waba yimpumelelo futhi owawukhona phakathi nokubusa Anny Ioannovny - konke amakilasi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, singafika kanye idili ozikhethela yekhofi nembedlezwana noma nge-vodka.

Kukhethwa wawa ...

Kunstkamera - indawo enemisebenzi lapho ziphephile eqoqwe endaweni encane tshela wonke umuntu emhlabeni ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo. Ziphephile eqoqwe kulo lonke izwe esekelwe izimiso zikahulumeni. Indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemisebenzi ephathelene iqoqo ukudlala ezifuywayo uhambo zezemfundo, okwamukelwe okuvela abantu ukuthenga abavela kwamanye amazwe.

Iqoqo sikhulela njalo, ngakho-ke, kudingeka ezakhiweni ezinkudlwana, kanye nebanga elivela enkabeni Kikin Izingxoxo kudlalwa phansi ukubaluleka ukuthi etshaliwe kule phrojekthi "zezemfundo" senkosi. Ngokusho yetinsita kanye uPetru ezihambela Vasilevsky Isiqhingi futhi kwenzeka ukuqaphela izihlahla ezimbili zikaphayini, igatsha omunye wabo njengoba esekhulile ebhuthini omunye, kwakunzima ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi wabo kungokwalabo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, ngokwemfundiso yesiko, amnika umqondo wokwakha Museum curiosities kule ndawo.

Lesi sakhiwo esisha

New ekhethekile isakhiwo sabekwa 1718, umlobi yephrojekthi kwaba Mattarnovi. Ngemva kwakhe kuze 1734 Ekuphakanyisweni we ngoma izithathela omunye abaklami ezintathu. Ukwakhiwa yayihamba kancane kakhulu, Petr Veliky wathola kuphela izindonga. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukuqoqwa washukumiseleka ukuba isakhiwo sidle. Ekugcineni, ukwakha kwathatha naseYurophu emangele - lutho enjengayo engake ngababona. Kwakuthinta wacabanga ukuthi ngaphandle ukulungiswa ezinkulu wema kuze kube isikhathi samanje.

Ukwakha amasiko yakhiwe e uPetru Baroque, ehlanganisa ezimbili izakhiwo ezintathu storey, ukuma baraque exhunywe umbhoshongo tiered, okuyinto has a eziyinkimbinkimbi Dome ekupheleni.

Peter iphrojekthi

ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ukudalwa ukuqoqwa Petr Veliky komculo ingxenye wephrojekthi "zezemfundo" yesibili. Ngo-1724, uMbusi kanye isiGele esungulwe Academy of Sciences. Manje, Kunstkamera futhi Library sikhungo lokuqala kanye "imbeleko" we-Russian Academy.

Museum of Academy of Sciences baqala ukuphila okusha. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo abangu bagxila amaqoqo ezicebile, olwenziwa ukucutshungulwa yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni systematization wengamela ukuchayeka ehola amabutho yesayensi yezwe - konke lokhu kwamenza isikhungo eyingqayizivele ngempela yesayensi eYurophu kule nhlangano umsebenzi yayingatholakali lapho kuphela.

Kunstkamera - akuyona nje kuphela isizinda yesayensi Academy of Sciences, kodwa futhi isikhungo esibalulekile kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo, ososayensi abaningi abavelele ukusebenza eRussia, phakathi kwabo MV Lomonosov, wayengumuntu incazelo amaminerali, okuyinto zayo ezigcinwe kwezinye Museum.

Museum ziphephile

abantu izwele ayibukeki kombungu ongumuntu. Akuwona wonke umuntu amandla okubekezelela emehlweni, ibukeke Freaks Kunstkamery: twins Siamese, okuyinto ayikwazanga ihlukaniswe (isithombe skeleton), ingane ezalwe ngenxa ukulala nesihlobo, umndeni kanye nabanye. Futhi esithombeni ithumba isigqoko sokhuni walethwa kusukela Alaska (mithila esiqhingini). Labelaphi-Mongolian esetshenziswa umtshingo kusuka kunawo wonke womuntu. Gimmick ukhonza itiye Chinese, amathumba kusuka ukushisa kwelanga. Kukhona Greater zezemfundo (Gottorp) Globe, yena izalana zamanje Ukujikeleza indlela izinkanyezi inkanyezi amashadi ngaphakathi.

Amathikithi angathengwa at iKhabhinethi of Curiosities kusuka 11:00 kuya ku 17:00 nsuku zonke, ngaphandle ngoMsombuluko, kuleli kheli elilandelayo: University Embankment, 3.