Bashkir amaholide kazwelonke: umlando, incazelo kanye nesiko

Abantu lasendulo Turkic, Bashkirs, bakwazi ngoba nomlando wakhe omude, ziqhubeka emasikweni amaningi, ulimi, amasiko. Bashkirskie ngamaholide ingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi obuqaba imisuka Muslim. On isiko abantu abathintekayo, futhi eminyakeni of the Empire, Russian kanye esidlule Soviet. Sichaza emasikweni main samaholide we Bashkirs nezici zabo.

Umlando Bashkir abantu

imithombo eminingi yasendulo ingasaphathwa abantu abahlala esifundeni esise-Ural eningizimu, iye yokuzalanisa izinkomo ngokucophelela aqaphe insimu yabo. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lena Bashkirs. imithombo esibhaliwe uqinisekise ukuthi kakade wangekhulu lesi-9 emithambekeni yezintaba zase-Ural eduze iVolga, Kama, Tobol futhi waphila abantu abazimele. Bashkirs wakhuluma ngolimi lwabo, bakhuleka emvelo futhi onkulunkulu abaningi babengenasithakazelo abahlaseli nonya, kodwa ngolaka kuqashelwe ezweni labo. Ngekhulu lesi-9 eseqala Islamization kancane kancane abantu, kodwa amasiko asendulo obuqaba ngokuvumelanayo kuxhumene sesikhethe inkolo entsha.

ukuphathwa Enobunye abantu Islam kwenzeka, kwaba esikhundleni esithambile namasiko imithetho emisha ekhona. Ekhulwini lesi-9 le-Bashkirs wathutha eHungary, futhi ekugcineni baba yingxenye yesizwe Hungarian. Bashkirs Ural ekhulwini le-13, isenzo sokumelana amaMongol ahlasele futhi wathola ilungelo lokuzinqumela ngempilo yaso. Ngemva kokuwa Golden zidlamlilo, le Bashkirs beniyingxenye khanates eziningana, futhi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-16 kwaqala ukuqala kancane kancane ku uMbuso Russian.

Bashkirs Okokuqala entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga baba izikhonzi Tsar isiRashiya, futhi kamuva sonke isizwe wathola yisakhamuzi isiRashiya, kodwa zaqhubeka ilungelo indlela yabo yokuphila, ulimi, ukholo. Kodwa ukuphila okwengeziwe abantu abazange bajabule ngokuphelele. woCzar Abaningi Russian wazama atshontsha Bashkirs amalungelo abo, lokhu kwadala ukumelana abanolaka. Kodwa isiphetho okwalandela yalesi sizwe kuye kwahlotshaniswa Russia.

Isiko kanye namasiko

Umlando omude futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ubumbe isiko eziyingqayizivele Bashkir. ekuqaleni Laba bantu wahola yokuphila semi ayimizulane, futhi luthinte imikhuba bakhe bansuku zonke. Islam ngokuyinhloko ezimise izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha. Bashkirs bezilokhu ubudlelwane emkhayeni main, zizungezwe lenqwaba imithetho namasiko. Isizukulwane esidala lizungezwe nodumo olukhulu, futhi udlala indima ebalulekile empilweni zonke izinhlobo. Isithombe yokuphila abantu ehlaselwe kumiswa isiko.

Bashkirs okwase kuyiminyaka waphila njengesidalwa isiko engabhaliwe, walondoloza amaqhawe ocebile kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ositshela mayelana nokubonakala abantu namaqhawe abo. amasiko Bashkir namaholide ugxile isimo sawo futhi imibono evamile hhayi kuphela amasiko Muslim, kodwa futhi yobuqaba yasendulo, totem ukumelwa. Bashkirs - ophawulekayo wokungenisa izihambi futhi othanda ukuthula kubantu, kwaba umphumela nokuhlalisana eside abantu nomakhelwane ehlukile, AmaTatar, isiRashiya, Bulgars, amaMongol, Kazakhs, futhi bonke kwatholakala ukuthi ukuze alungise ubuhlobo. Ngakho-ke, i-Bashkirs basakholelwa ukuthi kumele akwazi ukulondoloza ukuthula nabantu bonke thina futhi bakwazi ukuxoxisana nabo. Kulokhu, abantu baye bagcina bazikhohlwe nokuziqhenya, hhayi ivumele noma iyiphi ingcindezi evela ngaphandle.

Holiday namasiko kwansuku

Bashkirs kukhona nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezimfundiso ngamaholide nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Uma nsuku zonke baphila ukuphila ukuphila silula, anokwaneliseka ukudla elula nezinto, ngamaholide kuthiwa kugujwa kabanzi, ne ezihlukahlukene namasiko. Bashkirs walondoloza enemininingwane indaba rites ku zonke izikhathi ezibalulekile: koonyana bakaEfrayim: inzala, imishado, nemingcwabo, isiqalo ekupheleni konyaka wezolimo.

Kukhona simo eyinqaba amaholide e Bashkir, wambambezela incazelo ecacile ukulandelana yezenzo bonke izikhathi. Isiqinti ejwayelekile ka emidansweni iculo, emikhosini elikulesi sihloko. Ngisho zokubhukuda Bashkir yagcwalisa kufanekisa ezijulile futhi engasho lutho. isikhathi eside yamaSoviet kuye kwaholela eqinisweni ngokuthi isiko lwaqala ukuphumela ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa namuhla kukhona imvuselelo amasiko bomdabu, futhi e-Republic esinomsindo ngokufanele kuqashelwe yiwo wonke imikhosi ezingokomfanekiso, futhi ziningi.

Eid al-Fitr

Thanda eziningi Bashkir Folk imikhosi, Eid al-Fitr wafika nobuSulumane. Lena ngenye yama-imikhosi ebalulekile kunazo zonke onyakeni, ngalolu suku kukhona ekuhlephuleni okusheshayo eside. Ekhatsi Bashkortostan, lo mkhosi lugujwa kabanzi. Ekuseni abantu bonke ngiye ethempelini lamaSulumane, ke izindlu embozwe amatafula ocebile ukudla nakanjani abelwa amalunga dinga phofu futhi kudingeke ukuba banikeze imali kubo Wawungokuthile ukudumisa Allah. I iholide ixhunyiwe ngosizo abadala kanye abaswele, ngemisebenzi emihle. Bashkirs ngalolo suku ngokuqinisekile ukhonza yenkomo kanye nehhashi inyama, begqoke izingubo zemikhosi, eziningi nokudansa. Ngalolu suku, akukho indawo yokudikibala.

Eid al-Adha

Lo mkhosi Muslim Bashkir lugujwa Septhemba, futhi ixhunywe ngomhlatshelo futhi uhambo naseMecca. He is iphuzu esiphezulu eya endaweni engcwele. Ekuseni wonke amathempeli ka Bashkortostan yokukhulekela zemikhosi futhi uzidele ngokukhethekile isiko. Khona-ke zonke ekhaya abeke etafuleni, qiniseka aphe umuntu oswele kosuku. Ngokuvamile yomkhaya othenga ayobona isidumbu emakethe isilwane: izimvu, inkomo, ihhashi, futhi razdelyvaya ingxenye, abampofu. Ngemva kwalokho, le Bashkirs ithunyelwa amakhaya nomunye, lapho itafula samaholide ukudumisa iNkosi.

Kargat

Cishe abantu bazo zonke izizinda kukhona iholide, ephawula ekupheleni ebusika. Kargath - Bashkir umkhosi esizinikezele ukufika Ehlasela. futhi elibizwa lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Bashkir ngalolu suku - ". Grachinoye lomshado" Ngalolusuku kumnandi. Abantu bagqoke up in izingubo, aphumele wonke umuntu ndawonye bacule futhi dance. Bashkirs ngokwesiko ahlotshiswe izihlahla usuku kuze kudabuke umhlane, isiliva, ubuhlalu, scarves. Futhi qiniseka uzilungiselele futhi lanwetshwa kulo lonke ukudla izinyoni. Bashkirs ngosuku ukubuza mayelana nohlobo unomusa, isivuno esihle. Emikhosini ngalolu suku siqukethe nje kuphela ukuthi emidansweni iculo, kodwa futhi zihlanganisa imincintiswano ehlukahlukene lamadoda amandla nokushesha. Kwaphela iholide ukudla aluhlaza ukudla lendawo.

Sabantuy

Bashkir amaholide abaningi ngenxa yezinkathi ezithile imijikelezo wezolimo noma iholide Sabantuy Plough - omunye wabo. Ubiza kwaqedwa kwentwasahlobo imisebenzi emkhakheni. Abantu basuke bethandazela isivuno esihle futhi sizame ukushweleza konkulunkulu. Emikhosini aphethwe ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho bangahlangana kuso sonke isibalo sabantu bakuleli dolobhana. It sesiza kule imikhaya iholide. Fun kuhlanganisa bendabuko iculo, besina nemikhosi. Futhi ngalolu suku, ke lanquma ukuqhubeka wrestling yamahlaya, egijima emasakeni nezinye izinhlobo izenzakalo. Umklomelo uqobo obuhlakani eqinile - imvu bukhoma. Ngalolu suku, qiniseka ukuba ukumamatheka futhi benza amahlaya eziningi, le Bashkirs, kukhona iculo ekhethekile abuyisele isihe wonkulunkulu.

Yyyyn

Uma amaholide eziningi Bashkir abantu sekukhona bedle yokuqothula eminye imiphakathi, le Yyyyn - ke kungokwasekuqaleni, iholide lwasendulo laba bantu. Uthi ngosuku olufushane kunazo zonke ehlobo. Holiday uvela Assembly Yabantu, okuyinto kubhekwane zonke ezibalulekile zomphakathi. Iqhaza-ke amadoda kuphela, kamuva, leli siko eye wenziwa buthakathaka. Ukuze ukugubha khuphela Playground othize embuthanweni, lapho bahlale wonke amadoda abahlonishwa abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana. Namuhla, leli holidi uyekile onomusa lomkhandlu kazwelonke, kodwa kwaba ukuqhuma okukhulu, lapho izinsizwa baye bazibonakalisa ukubaluleka kwako njengenhlangano amalungu beshesha, anekhono anamandla omphakathi. Kubo, aphethwe ezihlukahlukene izivivinyo. Kwakuvamile ukuba phakathi Yyyyna izinqumo mayelana nemishado esizayo.

amaholideyi womphakathi, ezisekhalendeni

Ngaphandle ukuthi izwe kwasho ngamaholide Bashkir kazwelonke, phakathi khona ngaphakathi isiko Russian uvele isiko ukugubha futhi amaholide kazwelonke. Ngo ngempela ngesakhiwo ajwayelekile sihamba ukugubha uNyaka Omusha WamaShayina (1 Januwari), ngoSuku wasemuva we lawobaba, Mashi 8, Victory Day, Usuku Ubumbano Kuzwelonke. Umehluko omkhulu itholakala imenyu iholide. Bashkirs kakhulu othanda cuisine yabo kazwelonke futhi ngakho ngisho wokuziphilisa, imikhosi enjalo zomphakathi abeke etafuleni isidlo abawuthandayo kazwelonke: Kazi (isoseji), Gubad, baursak, inyama belish.

ngamaholidi enkolo

Bashkirs - amaSulumane, ngakho uphawu izenzakalo ezibalulekile le nkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, e Bashkortostan sekushiwo bagidinga i-Eid futhi Eid al-Adha, kanye Mawlid, Safari, usuku Arafat nabanye. amaholide Bashkir zifana kakhulu nge izenzakalo ezifanayo e Tatarstan, baye amasiko afana kakhulu baye basungula emasikweni enkolo. Umehluko okungaphezu nje iculo, izingubo, besina bethi: ukuthi Bashkirs walondoloza uhlamvu kazwelonke.

amaholide Umkhaya

Njengoba umndeni - siyisipho esiyigugu kunazo futhi ezibalulekile, okungukuthi, Bashkirs, kunezindlela eziningi amasiko eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyingqayizivele sokugubha umcimbi lokuzalwa. Umkhaya Bashkir amaholide banomlando omude namasiko ebekiwe ngokucophelela. Ngisho yesimanje abantu basemadolobheni ngosuku lomshado noma ukuzalwa ukubuya wengane ezimpandeni zayo amasiko okuphindaphindiwe nge eminyaka yomlando. Imishado, ukubeletha, imingcwabo ihlala imakwe zonke zivela, okungukuthi, uya 3-4 izizukulwane umndeni. iholide ngamunye lihlotshaniswa ngezipho ZAMANJE, awukudla, dumisani onkulunkulu. Ngayinye yalezi zenzakalo, zikhona izinto zokubhukuda ekhethekile, izingoma eziningi akhethekile ukulandelana esiqinile yezenzo.