Black Sea: Denizens Kolwandle. Isithombe kanye nencazelo

Ongazange okungenani kanye ogwini Black Sea, hhayi diving phakathi esobala wave mnene, hhayi sekuqala ukufudumala ebhishi itshana ngaphansi imisebe ehlobo noma kuwa ilanga, kumelwe ukuba walahlekelwa eziningi! Olufudumele njengoba ubisi, amanzi, yebo, thina abakhileyo oLwandle Olumnyama aye ahlangana izikhathi eziningana: yingozi hhayi kakhulu. Mayelana eyodwa ohlala kwelinye esiyingqayizivele kunazo wezilwandle le planethi, funda i-athikili yethu.

Ohlukile imvelo

KweBlack Sea ukubunjwa kanye nesimo zokuhlala kanye izimila eziphilayo nezidalwa uhlukile futhi ngempela ehlukile. Lokhu ukujula ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene. Ukuze i-150, ngezinye izikhathi 200 amamitha ukujula, ukuncipha komoya-mpilo kuyinto endaweni samanje lapho izakhamuzi siphile Black Sea. Noma yini engaphansi kwama-200 metres - hydrogen sulphide zone, elingenalo ukuphila futhi umthamo wamanzi mass ezingaphezu kuka-85%. Ngakho yokuhlala kungenzeka kuphela lapho kunomoya-mpilo (ngaphansi kuka-15% of the indawo).

Ophila lapha?

Izakhamuzi oLwandle Olumnyama - ulwelwe nezilwane. Okokuqala - ambalwa zilwane, kwesibili - engaphezu kwemibili nengxenye ayizinkulungwane. Kulawa, 500 - owumphumela, 1900 - ezingenamgogodla, 185 - izinhlanzi, 4 zinhlobo - ezincelisayo.

phytoplankton

Black Sea ... Izakhamuzi ke - zonke izinhlobo ulwelwe: tseratsium, peridinium, eksuviella nabanye. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kukhona ulwelwe zizalela ezimatasa. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho amanzi kubonakala ukushintsha umbala, ekubeni oluluhlaza blue and brown. Lokhu kuhlobene (amanzi zom) amandla division plankton. zizalela olunzulu Rhizosolenia, hetotserosy, skletonema. Nakuba reproduction mass phytoplankton lungolwasengxenyeni ekuqaleni - phakathi ehlobo. Phakathi phansi ulwelwe Phyllophora kuqashelwe ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-90% isisindo ingqikithi. Phyllophora enwetshiwe ntshonalanga. Cystoseira, nezinye ulwelwe landile the ogwini oluseningizimu eCrimea. Akuhlali eziningi izinhlanzi ezincane, ukusuthisa futhi ephilayo phakathi kwayo ulwelwe (angaphezu kuka-30 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu).

izilwane benthic

Phakathi izilwane ezihlala emhlabathini noma phansi emhlabathini kolwandle (benthos) - ezingenamgogodla ahlukahlukene: izinkalankala kanye isikhuphashe, izimpethu, rhizomes, anemones futhi clams. By benthos futhi gastropods, isibonelo, zonke rapana ezaziwayo, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga oLwandle Olumnyama. Uhlu akahambe: izimbaza, ama-scallop, clams - elasmobranch. Fish: ulwe, imisebe, ulwandle dragon, isiphika nabanye. Bakha isimo semvelo olulodwa. Futhi olulodwa eziwukudla.

jellyfish

izakhamuzi zaphakade oLwandle Olumnyama - jellyfish saba, ezinkulu kanye nezincane. Rhizostoma - jellyfish ngobukhulu, a njalo kakhulu. Usayizi Dome yayo ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela isigamu imitha. Rhizostoma anobuthi, kungase kubangele ukulimala, efana udosi. Bona kubangele ububomvu kancane, evutha, ngezinye izikhathi - amabhamuza. Ukuze lokhu jellyfish enkulu nge Dome kancane onsomi akuyona kwabacasula, udinga ukuthatha esandleni sakhe bebheke ubambe isandla engenhla hhayi ngokuthinta ihambe.

Aurelia - komncane kunabo jellyfish Black Sea. Akukhona ezinesihlungu ukuze umnewabo, kodwa namanje ukuhlangabezana naye futhi kumelwe kugwenywe.

clams

Izakhamuzi Marine Omnyama ulwandle - izimbaza, ama-oyster, ama-scallop, brine. Konke lokhu mollusk ezidliwayo futhi kukhona impahla eluhlaza for izitsha enkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-oyster kanye izimbaza zikhiqizelwa ngokuqondile. Oyster kukhona olukhuni kakhulu futhi angaya ngaphandle amanzi cishe amasonto amabili. Abakwazi aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-30. inyama yabo iyisibiliboco.

Izimbaza futhi kancane acwengekile. Ngezinye izikhathi endaweni enkulu igobolondo pearl kukhona umbala ngokuvamile Pinkish. Izimbaza - amanzi olwandle izihlungi. Kulokhu, bandisa konke lihluzwe. Ngakho-ke, kungaba savored kuphela handling ngokucophelela, futhi kangcono ukugwema izimbaza ukudla, okuyinto ziye zathola port noma kwezinye izindawo amanzi ingcole kakhulu.

Izakhamuzi Marine Sea - the scallop. Lolu hlobo silwanyana Ungahambisa emanzini usebenzisa amandla esisheshayo. Ngokushesha amvalele valve igobolondo futhi idluliselwe jet amanzi at ibanga esingaphezu imitha. Futhi namanje scallop inamakhulu amehlo engenamsebenzi. Kodwa konke lokhu, le nhlanzi - abayizimpumputhe! Lawa abakhileyo okuyimfihlakalo kolwandle.

Esikhathini Black Sea Rapa evamile. Lokhu mollusc kuyinto umhlaseli futhi isisulu salo - izimbaza efanayo futhi oyster. Kodwa yena unalo simnandi kakhulu inyama efana Sturgeon, okuvela kulo sithola i isobho omuhle kakhulu.

izinkalankala

Zonke kubo emanzini - nesishiyagalombili zilwane. Bonke ungayifinyeleli osayizi enkulu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - krasnokory. Kodwa ingabe isaba khona kuka-20 amasentimitha ububanzi.

inhlanzi

OLwandle Olumnyama iyikhaya mayelana 180 zama-zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise Sturgeon, Sturgeon ezimhlophe, anchovy, i-herring, sprat, mackerel, tuna, ulwe, sculpin. Akuvamile aphinde abhukude abuyele swordfish. Kukhona ulwandle ihhashi, izinhlanzi-inaliti, gurnard, monkfish.

Zezinhlanzi commercial - mullet, okuyinto zinhlobo ezintathu, mullet, yaletha esuka Sea of Japan wazala zinhlobo target. Ngenxa isibalo ingcole kakhulu amanzi mullet kwehle muva nje.

Phakathi kuso amakhophi - stargazer izinhlanzi noma ulwandle inkomo. Yena Ukuvubukula ezijulile odakeni, ukuze phezu amadevu ukuthi sifana ukubukeka isibungu iye asambulile. Barbel izinhlanzi ukhanga izinhlanzi ezincane kanye feed kubo.

inaliti Marine kanye nehhashi eziyizimbangela hhayi amanzi kodwa isikhumba emphethweni ku backside zabesilisa, lapho kukuwe okukhiphayo gazinga. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amehlo alaba izinhlanzi Ungabheka bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene kanye ukujikisa ngayodwana.

Scad is yasakazwa kulo lonke emanzini angasogwini. ubude bayo - 10-15 amasentimitha. Isisindo - 75 amagremu. Ukuhlala ngezinye izikhathi kuze kuphele iminyaka emithathu. It udla izinhlanzi kanye zooplankton trifle.

Bonito kuyinto eyisihlobo mackerel. Ifinyelela ubude 75 amasentimitha, uhlala kuze kube iminyaka engu-10. Lokhu okuzingela izinhlanzi zidala futhi lasebekhulile woLwandle Olumnyama, ubusika udabula Bosporus.

Gobies kukhona 10 zilwane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - martovik noma iselesele. I eziningi kunazo - izingodo.

Zelenushek olwandle - 8 zilwane. Zidla on izibungu molluscs. Phakathi zidala uzihlomisa isidleke phakathi kwala matshe.

Ulwe, i-turbot liyatholakala nasemiBhalweni oLwandle Olumnyama yonke indawo. It udla izinhlanzi nezinkalankala. It ifinyelela isisindo 12 amakhilogramu. Kwethulwa nezinye flatfish.

Skate Stingray - ushaka isihlobo. Idla izinkalankala, clams, izimfanzi. It has a umsila serrated inaliti ifakwe ndlala ushevu. kwabathinta wakhe umuntu kuba buhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukubulala.

Somlomo, noma grouper, sivame ukufika entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho ehambela futhi la manzi ukuze zidala. It udla zooplankton. Isisindo perch ngokulambisa sifinyelela 100 amagremu. Ibhekwa njengenye yezinto izinhlobo ezinkulu Abadobi ukukhiqizwa.

Gar - izinhlanzi phezulu ngaphezu kwesigamu, sagittal, nokuba uqhwaku side. Zidala senzeka ngoMeyi - Agasti. Ayahamba futhi Ubusika baseSiberia eSea of Marmara.

Bluefish libhekisela izinhlanzi okuzingela futhi umhlambi. Inesisindo 10 amakhilogramu, ubude ifinyelela imitha. Fish umzimba singatsheki side. Umlomo omkhulu, nge emihlathini emikhulu. Idla izinhlanzi kuphela. Ngaphambili ecabange lokudoba.

oshaka

Katran (noma dogfish) akuvamile ekhula ngamamitha amabili. A cat ushaka (stsillium) - imitha. ezimbili Lemibiko oshaka, okuholela woLwandle Olumnyama, kumuntu singamelela noma imuphi ingozi. Kodwa ezilwaneni eziningi zezinhlanzi kuyinto izilwane ezidla ezinye enonya. Ushaka inyama (futhi livers yabo futhi amaphiko) isetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha ahlukahlukene Black Sea izitsha. Kusukela katrana isibindi ukwenza imithi ukuthi amabhlogo kabusha amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

umzimba Qatran has umumo ovikelekile, umlomo inhlendla emise namazinyo abukhali, wahlela imigqa eziningana. Isidumbu sakhe laligcwele ameva amancane kodwa abukhali (kungakho isidlaliso - izihlahla ezinameva dogfish). Katran - izinhlanzi viviparous. Insikazi sizala ngesikhathi kufika ku-15 gazinga usayizi encane. Agcinwe futhi zinikwa katran ngensikazi okuthathwe emhlanjini. Entwasahlobo and ekwindla - eduze lolwandle ebusika - ekujuleni.

Izakhamuzi oLwandle Olumnyama - Dolphins (imikhomo toothed)

Sekukonke, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu amanzi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - ihlengethwa bottlenose. Kancane kancane - amahlengethwa ezivamile. Emincane kakhulu - porpoises, noma itheku vaquita.

Bottlenose Dolphin - Abakhe ezivame kakhulu dolphinariums. Ukuze isayensi lolu hlobo kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokho ososayensi ucwaningo bottlenose ihlengethwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuba khona ingqondo. Bona - ozalwa esekisini. Bottlenose amahlengethwa ngenjabulo enze ezihlukahlukene tricks. Ethonya wukuthi ngempela isizathu. Akukhona ngisho ukuqeqeshwa, futhi abanye nokubambisana futhi ukuqonda komuntu futhi ihlengethwa. Bottlenose amahlengethwa kuphela ukuqonda uthando nesikhuthazo. Ziyisijeziso akuyona waqonda nhlobo, khona-ke yimuphi umqeqeshi uyashabalala ngabo.

Bottlenose Ihlengethwa uhlala kuze kube iminyaka engu-30. ngezinye izikhathi isisindo sakhe sifinyelela 300 kg. Ubude umzimba - phezulu ngamamitha amabili nesigamu. Lezi amahlengethwa kahle ingashintshwa ukuze imvelo yasemanzini. Amaphiko phambi abe iphini wazihlephula kanyekanye. Caudal - ezinamandla bendiza, ngokuvumela ukuthuthukisa isivinini ehloniphekile (angaphezu kuka-60 km / h).

Bottlenose amahlengethwa babe ukungaboni oyingozi futhi ukuzwa. Zidla on lezinhlanzi nezimbaza (adla ukudla okungaba amakhilogremu 25 ngosuku). Can ukubamba umoya wakhe phezu imizuzu 10. Ngena ku-200 meters ukujula. Amazinga umzimba - 36,6 degrees, njengoba abantu. Breathe amahlengethwa, ngezikhathi ukukhuphuka komoya ngaphandle. Empeleni uhlushwa izifo efanayo abantu. Lala izinyawo afaliny ebusweni, kwamanzi, ekuvuleni amehlo njalo.

Ukubona ukuphila amahlengethwa - abathanda nomndeni (izizukulwane abafinyelela kwabayishumi ndawonye). I yomkhaya - insikazi. Abesilisa agcinwa clan ehlukile, ukubonisa isithakazelo nabesifazane ngesikhathi kokuzalela ikakhulukazi kuphela.

Bottlenose amahlengethwa ube namandla amakhulu. Kodwa wakhe kulowo muntu, njengoba umthetho, azisebenzi. Nabantu Dolphins silondoloze kobungane nobudlelwane kakhulu efana nabafowethu engqondweni. Ukuze zonke wonke umlando omude wesizwe ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu kanye ihlengethwa awuzange waphawula yimuphi umzamo ukuze bamcasule "mfowethu big". Kodwa abantu ngokuvamile kwephule amalungelo amahlengethwa ukugqoka kwabo nakho ukuze ucije dolphinariums.

On ulimi amahlengethwa ebhaliwe kakhulu. Ngeke siphikisane, njengoba ezinye izazi ukuthi kangakanani ikhono lomuntu lokukhuluma acebile. Nokho, liqukethe eziningi ezihlukahlukene umsindo nokulinganisa, okuvumela bonke okufanayo ukukhuluma ngento ingqondo ihlengethwa. Futhi inani Imininingwane bakwazi ukudlulisa futhi ezinkulu (ngaphezu kuka-womuntu) ubuchopho - ukuze izinto ezinobufakazi obuqinile.

It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi ezincelisayo atholakala lwezimpawu Black Sea, kodwa muva nje kuye kwaba khona okuncane kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu elimazayo.

kusezweni

Akukhona nje abakhileyo kolwandle futhi sidla womuntu isizwe kwasolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni bahlale kulomhlaba, uthole ukudla kwazo amanzi. I abakhileyo ezweni, ukukhiqiza ukudla olwandle - kungcono ngama-gull cormorants. Zidla on izinhlanzi. Nomphishamanzi, isibonelo, kungenza ukubhukuda kahle yehle, ukudla esiningi inhlanzi, ngisho nalapho egcwele. Izici avumela emphinjeni wakhe ukugwinya impela eningi inyamazane. Ngakho, izinyoni - abakhileyo eziyinhloko zezwe, ukukhiqiza ukudla olwandle Black Sea coast of eCaucasus kanye eCrimea.

Black Sea: abakhileyo esiyingozi

Akuwona wonke amaholide kanye nezivakashi ogwini Sea woza, bazi ukuthi ukugeza emanzini ikani gibe futhi ingozi. Basuke exhunywe hhayi kuphela izixwayiso nezihibe, kodwa futhi nabanye abameleli nezilwane zasolwandle.

Scorpion inhlanzi, enomzimba ohlabayo, noma libhekisela lezimanga ezingemnandi ezinjalo. ikhanda lakhe lonke igcwele ameva, bese ngemuva - esiyingozi izihlahla ezinameva fin. Sithathe skorpenu akukhuthazwa, ngoba ameva ayo zinobuthi futhi alethe ngempela ezingemnandi, nakuba nobuhlungu besikhashana.

hvostokol Skate (ulwandle cat) ujamele ingozi, ngezinye izikhathi obubulalayo abantu. Ngesikhathi umsila sesilwane khathesi ulithambo spike, ezinamafutha akahle slime anobuthi. Lokhu spike kubangela lacerations ngezinye izikhathi jagged, isikhathi eside ukuphola. Futhi kusukela kummango umjovo ungaqala ukuhlanza, imisipha ukukhubazeka, ophilisayo kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufa iza, ngakho-ke qaphela.

Esinye, ezibonakala zingezona ezibonakalayo ngokubukeka, inhlanzi - ulwandle dragon - kuyingozi ukuba abantu maningi amathuba. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala zingafundwa njengoba i inkunzi abavamile. Kodwa ngemuva le nhlanzi fin izihlahla ezinameva luwushevu kakhulu. Kwabathinta snakebite okulingana. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube ebulalayo.

Medusa Rhizostoma futhi Aurelia, abahla- oLwandle Olumnyama - yingozi abakhileyo womuntu. tentacles yabo anemisila amaseli kabuhlungu. Lokho kungenza umuntu ukusha (njengoba kusukela izimbabazane ngaphezulu), ashiya insalela kwamahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke kungcono ingamthinti-jellyfish - ngisho nakwabafileyo siphonseke ogwini uhlalwane.

Ngiphakathi oshaka, nanoma iyiphi enye zezilwane nenhlanzi akuzona yingozi kubantu emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngakho geza ngokuphepha, bezofika abadumile ulwandle zokungcebeleka eCrimea ne eCaucasus, ukuhlonipha, yebo, ukunakekela okuphusile!