Graben - ke ... Yini grabens futhi kanjani they akhiwa

Kulesi sihloko Ake sihlole umbuzo ophathelene zemvelo. Kuyini rob futhi kanjani they akhiwa? Futhi, ebheka phambili, banake nalokho graben - a Horst.

Uyini graben

Graben - ingxenye nokuwohloka of ungqimba lomhlaba, eyasungulwa ngenxa iphutha zomhlaba futhi ivelele phakathi izingxenye ephakanyiswe.

Grabens zivamise ukwenzeka ngenxa amabutho eqine emhlabeni izindawo ezweni ephakanyiswe. Ngaphansi isenzo inhlabathi subsidence kwenzeka kanye zokwakheka cwilisa idwala.

Kanye emaphethelweni graben avele ezinde izingxenye, okuyinto akhiwa ekuqongeleleni izinhlobo ezintsha, zibizwa ngokuthi "amaphiko graben."

Ubude ongafinyelela emashumini ambalwa noma amakhulu amakhilomitha - ububanzi. I grabens buphawuleka kakhulu futhi owaziwa kukhona eMpumalanga Afrika. Basuke esemgwaqweni amachibi Tanganyika, Victoria, Nyansa. ERussia, le graben ngobukhulu - kuba Barguzin elisemcengezini, indishi iChibi iBaikal.

Ngo graben isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ngobukhulu - Valles Marineris, etholakala kuyi-Mars. Isizathu Ezemfundo - mlilo.

Uyini Horst

Horst - kuyinto abeneme ku amaphutha block of the uqweqwe, ukwakheka ngenxa ukunyakaza zomhlaba.

Isihlobo kwamanzi Zintathu izinhlobo Horst:

1. Esiphakanyisiwe - ebusweni phezu yonke indawo esitshekile nganxanye.
2. Wedge - kukhona stepwise olugcwele phansi.
3. Sohlangothi olulodwa - ukuhlanekezela amaphutha noma amaphutha zenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.

Horst ngokuvamile sihlanganise ukudala ezintabeni nge eziqongweni flat. Ubude ngokuvamile ifinyelela zamakhulu, ububanzi - amashumi amakhilomitha, ukuphakama - amamitha eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela. izibonelo Obvious kukhona Horst Ukhahlamba eSpain Sierra Nevada Ukhahlamba eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye eJalimane, i-Black Forest.

Ngokokuqala ngqá igama elithi "Horst" yethulwa isayensi Geological ngo-1873 yi-Austria Edward Suess. Ukukhuluma ngamazwi akhe, graben - a eziyize, Horst - egqumeni.

Ukungezwani

Rift - komugqa ovundlile ukucindezeleka esikhulu ungqimba lomhlaba. Ngokuvamile, iqoqo ayimigodi, bangazihluphi indawo enkulu endaweni.

Zimbili izinhlobo nemifantu emikhulu ebusweni bomhlaba - wasolwandle kanye nasemazweni.

Umphumela wokuqala nokusondelana oncibilikisiwe magma okuvela ekujuleni Umhlaba ekujuleni kolwandle. Magma ngaphansi kwengcindezi odlulela olukhuni amapuleti lithospheric, njengoba kwakhiwa yalokhu nqubo abasha uqweqwe wasolwandle.

Continental nemifantu emikhulu ebusweni bomhlaba akhiwa ngokuvusa plumes ebusweni (isiphuku hot), kanye mlilo kwenzeka thinning futhi ngilulekela we uqweqwe ezwekazini. bano okunjalo kungaholela ekwakhekeni ocean entsha. I-East African Rift uhlelo, okungukuthi ku Afar esifundeni, kwezinye izindawo kwakhiwa koqweqwe wasolwandle usemncane.

Emifantwini, okuyinto wayeka ekuthuthukisweni kanye ayibuyi olwandle, ngokuthi aulacogens. Ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezifana kwakhiwa ezifakwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, Devonian IDonetsk kuka kuyinto yamalahle ezinkulu.

Ngokuvamile inhlanganisela Horst-graben - a aulacogene.