Iziphathimandla wamajaji Russian Federation: umqondo, umlando, indima, nezindaba, imisebenzi, imisebenzi, amandla, umsebenzi. Ezobulungiswa - kuyinto ...

Ezobulungiswa - esibalulekile uhlelo we-apharathasi isimo, ulandele imithetho ukuhambisana nezenzo normative izincwadi ezingokomthetho zokuhlala ezweni, ekwenzeni imisebenzi eminingi, kanye banezimfanelo eziningi amandla athize esivela kuphela kule isixhumanisi isimo.

ekhulwini XIX: ekuqaleni

Uhlelo iziphathimandla wamajaji Empire Russian yethulwa okokuqala Russian uMbusi u-Alexander I, wakhipha Manifesto ekhethekile "Ngo ukusungulwa zezinkonzo." Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1802, 8 Septhemba. Lesi senzo zomthetho inikeza hhayi kuphela amandla Wezobulungiswa, kodwa futhi njengoba umholi wamemezela isikhonzi, iposi ayekwazi kuphela hlala umbusi-jikelele we-Empire Russian.

Imisebenzi iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ngesikhathi lalinabashumayeli ukulungiswa izenzo zomthetho, kanye nokudidiyela inkonzo icala futhi bangaboshwa imisebenzi zokwahlulela. njengoba imisebenzi eyengeziwe Ministry lokufeza Ukudluliselwa, ukudluliswa, ukuxoshwa izikhulu bangazihluphi indawo inkonzo apharathasi isimo. UNgqongqoshe kuqala futhi esivelele kunazo zonke Justice baba Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, ngubani kuhlanganiswe uthando zezinkondlo nemisebenzi yomphakathi ezimpilweni zabo.

Ukubamba iqhaza ngqo ka-Ministry of Justice yokutholwa ukuqaliswa izinguquko zokwahlulela, lapho amandla we lenhloko yalomtimba zanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi lo 1864, le control Kwenziwa hhayi kuphela kobuholi amayunithi zokwahlulela ehhovisi lomshushisi, kodwa ukuthi uyathinteka kokulawulwa etilongweni eyingqopha izingcezu, wahola notaries.

Indima iziphathimandla zokwahlulela emlandweni usukela ngokusebenzisa wemboni guqula isibonelo, Ministry wasungula Institute imantshi, nesebenzela kuze kube yilolu suku; ukubamba iqhaza ngqo ekwakhiweni kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi, kanye nokuhumusha iziqondiso wamemezela ongazijwayele.

ekhulwini XX: izinguquko post-wamavukelambuso

Umlando iziphathimandla samajaji zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili waphendukela ukuguqulwa ejensi ngenhla emzimbeni isimo ngaphansi kwegama "I Yabantu Commissariat Wezobulungiswa." Naphezu bashintsha kakhulu igama Ministry, imisebenzi yayo abazenzi luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa - kumiswa kwetebulungiswa nekusebenta ukukhethwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. indima Direct kwetinhlavu inqubomgomo isimo esisha likahulumeni waseSoviet kwaba ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni kokusebenza eliphezulu nomthetho omusha wase-USSR.

Ngo-1936, othola izinguquko ezinkulu - ihhovisi lomshushisi adedelwa-ejensi ezizimele. Nokho, ngenxa izinguquko ezinjalo zokwahlulela iziphathimandla imisebenzi kakhulu anda ngokuya ihogela systematization kanye nokulungisa izenzo zomthetho eyabekwa. Inqubo zomthetho lalakhiwa izinyathelo ezinkulu ezintathu:

• Ukulungiselela amakhodi civil, lobugebengu kanye nenqubo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo imibhalo zokulawula (izisekelo komthetho wezabasebenzi, nokunye).
• Kutfutfukiswa izenzo ekhishwe Uhulumeni wase-USSR.
• imisebenzi sokusekela emkhakheni komthetho.

laboratories Research, izikhungo, ukuthuthukiswa nakho kufakwe namajaji. Imisebenzi yama-apharathasi wombuso engxenyeni XX leminyaka emkhakheni womsebenzi zomthetho lesibili kwakubhalwe izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye ejensi kanye anikezwa Uhulumeni wase-USSR nomthelela ngqo.

Ngo-1991, uMkhandlu Ephakeme yanquma siqhubeke ubheke komzimba Russian Federation Ministry of Justice. Ngo-1992, waba zonke izichibiyelo olufanele uMthethosisekelo State, kanye nemithetho emisha kahulumeni kanye nezinye iziqondiso okhonzile zemukeliswe.

UMnyango ubulungiswa: imisebenzi, inkolelo yokungafi indawo lapho besanda samanje yentuthuko isimo

Kuze kube manje, iziphathimandla zokwahlulela - liyisici esibalulekile we-apharathasi zikahulumeni kahulumeni. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nencazelo terminological kwegama elithi "ubulungisa." Abanye basikisela ukuthi umsebenzi ubulungisa buyini umsebenzi osemthethweni, kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhunyushwa wathi nokudidiyela umsebenzi zokwahlulela. Kunoma ikuphi, noma umbono kungenzeka the esiseduzane nawe, incazelo terminological waleligama ezihlobene nemisebenzi esisemthethweni, okungukuthi, ukuthi ovela uhlamvu lomthetho. Ukuhlaziya kabanzi, kubalulekile ukucacisa kulokhu, ukuthi lokho kuchazwa terminological kwegama elithi "ubulungisa" nenkulumo ethi ngokwezinga elikhulu ngenxa yokuphambana namasiko zomlando kanye nomlando walo mzimba.

Okwamanje, Russian Federation iziphathimandla zokwahlulela nizifeze imisebenzi yenhlangano kanye zokuphatha. The main ithuluzi zokulawula uhlela imisebenzi apharathasi isimo izakhi ngenhla koMthethonqubo ku-Ministry of Justice. Indima ebalulekile kule ndawo kudlalwa eziningi izinqumo uhulumeni nemiyalo uMongameli.

Justice Iziphathimandla: imisebenzi, imisebenzi, uhlelo

Ezobulungiswa - kahulumeni uphathiswe ohlwini olulandelayo imisebenzi:

• kunomthelela oqonde ngqo imisebenzi ejwayelekile-izilungiselelo izidumbu isinqumo yezwe - uMongameli kanye noHulumeni.
• I ukulawula ukushicilelwa izenzo zomthetho zokulawula ezingeni lesifunda kanye nohulumeni basekhaya, kanye yokuqinisekisa kusemthethweni yabo nokulandela izenzo ngamazwe, imithetho yombuso kanye neziqondiso. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the ngenxa ecubungula, uma kunesidingo.
• Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the ukubhaliswa civil, okwenza ukuba ukubhaliswa isimo nomthethonqubo ukungena ukuthengiselana civil, amalungelo endawo, ukubhaliswa ingcebo nokunye. Lokhu nani aliphelelanga, njengoba ebonakala ngu imisebenzi neziphathimandla zendawo.
• Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zomthetho zokulawula.
• Ukulawula ukukhishwa zomthetho izenzo zomthetho.
• Ukunikeza ulwazi zomthetho umphakathi uma isidingo, kanye izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Imisebenzi esemqoka emizimbeni zokwahlulela sisabalale uhlelo lwayo, okuyinto kanje:

1. Ministry of Justice.
2. Imigwamanda kanye nezikhungo besebenza njengezigqila ejele.
3. UMnyango Wezobulungisa emaphethelweni, republic nezinye izifunda ku Russian Federation.

Ministry of Justice njengenhlangano ophambili, emaphakathi uhlelo iyunithi

Ezobulungiswa - kukhona izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano ayingxenye Ministry main wezwe Wezobulungiswa. Ukuze labo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa notaries, iziphathimandla Ihhovisi lezincwadi, Russian Law Academy, zomthetho izikhungo ulwazi, laboratories ngokuba ukuqaliswa edition forensic wokukhulula esemthethweni omagazini nokunye.

Ministry of Justice - liyisici emaphakathi, umsebenzi oyinhloko esakhiwa elengamele kanye wokuxhumanisa negunya izidumbu indawo futhi izikhungo, okuyinto afakiwe nase-izinhlelo ngenhla. ERussia isimo isici idatha umphathi we-apharathasi isimo esivuna uNgqongqoshe wezobuLungiswa, obizwa isibopho sezomthetho siqu esingokomthetho ukuphelela ukuqaliswa imisebenzi esiphathiswe enkonzweni.

ungumsebenzi "umthetho" zalesi simiso kanjani? UNgqongqotjhe wezobuLungiswa uzithoba kweNhloko Yombuso noma Uhulumeni we Russian Federation okusalungiswa imibhalo ngentuthuko zokulawula. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uNgqongqoshe unelungelo ukuhambisa ukuze acutshungulwe kuphela labo imiqingo zihlobene ngokuqondile imisebenzi eyenziwa yibo.

Njengoba for isakhiwo omnyango kahulumeni, ikakhulu siqukethe amahhovisi, neminyango nezigaba. Ngamunye division kwesakhiwo waziphatha bayiphethe umsebenzi wakhe ngokuhambisana nenqubo zokuhlola ezasungulwa izenzo zomthetho. Njengoba isibonelo, esamanje amandla iziphathimandla wamajaji Russian Federation basonta ekuphathweni systematization komthetho, uchwepheshe ukuphathwa izikhungo, uMnyango enkantolo umkhuba nokunye.

Ukusekela indima ukuze Scientific Centre of Ulwazi Legal, maphakathi kokwahlulela ezingeni federal, kanye Russian Law Academy.

Izidumbu zabantu abangu-kwezihloko RF kwezobulungiswa ezweni

Akunzima ukuqagela, isekelwe ohlelweni ngenhla ukuthi iziphathimandla wamajaji Russian Federation ezingeni lesifunda ethulwa njengoba zezinkonzo imiphetho, republic, izinhloko izifunda Russian. esifundeni ngasinye kunqunywa ngokuzimela ngubani uphokophele enkonzweni isiphathimandla okuthunyelwe noma nomfundisi.

Zonke iziphathimandla zokwahlulela emkhakheni, kungakhathaliseki imfundo yabo ngaphansi Ministry of Justice nezinye federal emizimbeni esiphezulu kahle kwemandla embuso. Amandla iziphathimandla zokwahlulela phansi ngezindlela eziningi esifana ehhovisi central yomsebenzi, ngakho lesifunda zokwahlulela iziphathimandla imisebenzi, imisebenzi eyenziwa ngale ndlela:

• imisebenzi ejwayelekile kulungiselelwa nezapreschonnyh imikhawulo zomthetho.
• Hlela umsebenzi notaries emkhakheni.
• Feza imisebenzi ilayisensi: Ukukhishwa kwamalayisensi, ukulawula kwemukeleka, isicelo of icala lomthetho izinyathelo abantu abaye bawephula umthetho, nokunye.

Ngokuzayo sihlela ayinikeze emizimbeni ezikhonzini igunya ukuhlela ukuhlinzekwa base yokudla for kutinkhantolo tabomantji.

Izikhombisi eyinhloko umsebenzi iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ezindaweni yilezi:

1. ukwesekwa Legal emsebenzini normative.
2. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the ukubhaliswa isimo imithetho yangakini njengoba iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye nabantu (ukubhalisa izindlu nezindawo ukuthengiselana, ukubhaliswa civil, nokunye).

isiqondiso Landelayo ngqo kucacisiwe emkhakheni othize; nalemigomo ebekelwe ngokwenjongo yakhe; imisebenzi kanye namandla.

Indima Ministry of Justice e kahulumeni esezingeni-ukusetha

Omunye Amasimu eyinhloko yomsebenzi (nomqondo iziphathimandla zokwahlulela wakuqinisekisa lokhu) sibekandzaba ejwayelekile.

Kuphethe oda kaMongameli WaseRussia, abameleli Ministry nengxenye Ukuhlola ukuqinisekiswa nesikhathi izenzo normative zomthetho ukuze semthethweni mayelana amathuluzi wezomthetho obaluleke kunayo yonke. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu lezo zenzo, okuyinto ithunyelwa umongameli isignesha yezwe futhi ongakabi sengidlulile esigabeni lokushicilelwa. Ukuze umkhakha lihlanganise igunya lokubuyekeza iziphakamiso RF Uhulumeni ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi zomthetho. Agunyaziwe Ministry of Justice futhi ukunikeza imibono ngesidingo sokuba lokhu noma lokhuya bill asekele ngokubhala ngombono wakhe fomu.

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, akumangalisi ukuthi iziphathimandla Russian Federation Wezobulungiswa banegunya ngokuzimela ukuthuthukisa izikweletu, okuyinto kamuva ahanjiselwe sicabangisise ngezinga Uhulumeni waseRussia. Ubuchwepheshe Yomthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kohlelo izenzo zomthetho wukuthi uma noma iyiphi iphutha (RF uMthethosisekelo, umthetho kahulumeni, nokunye) umzimba ababedlula idokhumenti, isiphetho wabonisana. Ngenxa yalokho, njalo sitho, bathatha lo noma esinye isenzo zomthetho liyadingeka ukuze uthumele ikhophi ku-Ministry of Justice.

Omunye umsebenzi kungaba ukuqala umsebenzi ezihlobene systematization komthetho. Ngakho, ubulungisa Russian Federation iqukethe yasebhange olulodwa izenzo zokulawula isimo, lapho wonke umuntu nazane nabanye kuyinsakavukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezobulungisa kuyinto umhlanganyeli ngokuqondile emisebenzini phezu ukulungiselela nokushicilelwa Ikhodi imithetho Russian Federation.

Control of the iminyango kanye ejensi emkhakheni

Ukusetshenziswa kwalo umsebenzi ngqo okuhlobene nomsebenzi normative zemizimba zokwahlulela, njengoba control Kwenziwa kuhlanganise ngokuhlola ukuhambisana NAP yomnyango we RF uMthethosisekelo, umthetho kahulumeni kanye nemithethonqubo kaHulumeni. Kuphela ngemuva isheke ephelele "lendawo" Bill, ngenkululeko iziphathimandla zokwahlulela sidlula esigabeni kushicilelwe olusemthethweni. Labo izenzo, ezingalotshwanga kakade bhalisiwe Nokho, naphezu ukungavumelani igunya zokwahlulela, ziye emphakathini, abanalo amandla ngokomthetho, futhi ngenxa yalokho-non-ukuhambisana akusho kuhilelani umthwalo.

isilawuli wasekhaya owenziwa ukubhaliswa isimo ngezimiso zawo: izinhlangano zonke-Russian, inter-bethi basemazweni omhlaba kanye. Futhi, lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinhlangano zenkolo. Uma kwenzeka yokwenqaba sokubhalisa isimo imfundo yezenkolo kumele ngokushesha ayeke nemisebenzi yabo, ngaphandle kwalokho inyunyana ozuza isimo ihlelo lenkolo ukuthi alinalo ilungelo khona eRussia.

Olunye uhlobo control ukuqaliswa igunya isimo emkhakheni sokubhalisa izinhlangano commercial futhi ezingezona ezentengiselwano. Yonke idatha ezidingekayo angaphansi ukufakwa angangabazeki Unified State Register of Amabhizinisi wezomthetho.

Onogada Izikhungo njengoba isici isakhi Ministry of Justice

izinkinga eziningi iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi babe nemigomo olubanzi inkomba delineate okuyinto enzima kakhulu phakathi kweminyango noma ama-ejensi. Ukuze sicacise isakhiwo iyunithi yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukusho umnyango ahlukene, okuyinto ingxenye simiso Ministry of Justice - kuyinto Federal Bailiffs Izikhungo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko iyunithi kwesakhiwo luhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana oda kwecala, ngesikhathi kubulawa izinhlawulo lobugebengu ngesimo inhlawulo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinye izilinganiso umkhawulo.

Inhlangano kanye nokudidiyela imisebenzi ejensi eziqukethwe zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Bailiffs", kanye nezenzo zomthetho olawula imisebenzi kokuqhutshwa nokuqinisekisa.

Isakhiwo kule yunithi kwesakhiwo liqukethe:

1. UMnyango Main bailiffs, kuhlobane ngokuqondile UMnyango Wezobulungisa WaseRussia.
2. Umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo Service amakhotho wamasotja.
3. Onogada Izikhungo, etholakala emhlabathini ezindaweni: ku amahhovisi esifunda noma isifunda.

Zonke izikhulu zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili, kuye ngokuthi imisebenzi abasenzela:

• Bailiffs, okunikeza ukuhleleka imisebenzi nekusebenta izinkantolo, amaseshini zokwahlulela.
• Amaphoyisa, ngubani yibona abagunyazwe ukuba afeze ekukhishweni izinhlawulo lobugebengu ngesimo izinhlawulo kanye nezinye Izinqumo zale nkantolo.

Ukuze lelisu igunya esiphathiswe bailiffs ube nezizathu ezingokomthetho ngokusebenzisa i amandla ento edaliwe, isibonelo, ukulondoloza ukuthula enkantolo.

uhlelo nobulelesi-executive njengenye yezinto ubulungiswa

uhlelo Penal emelelwa eliyinhloko, umsebenzi kabani main - ukuba bafeze imisebenzi kanye wokuxhumanisa ukusungula inqubomgomo isimo ezingeni ngokubulawa futhi idonsa izigwebo zayo lobugebengu. Ngaphezu kwabo nendikimba ebusayo, emajele kukhona ezihlukahlukene enkulu izikhungo ngokuphoqelela ngqo izinhlawulo lobugebengu, kanye nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ngaphansi komthetho lobugebengu. Iyunithi emaphakathi umelwe emnyangweni elihlukile okuthiwa Federal executive service, okuyinto Ubuye isakhiwo ethile phezulu.

Imisebenzi MIS siqukethe ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

1. Ukubulawa kwezijeziso akuhlobene bokuhlukaniswa inkululeko. Njengomthetho, indima esemqoka kunikezwa amayunithi kwesakhiwo omelelwa ukuhlolwa lokujeziswa eziholela ezimali, ukulawula kokulungisa abantu wagwetshwa oyimpoqo, lokuqondisa izigwegwe, izivimbelo senkululeko kanye nokunye.
2. Ukubulawa izinhlawulo lobugebengu ezihlobene nabantu emphakathini, inhlangano ye imisebenzi ezikhungweni ukuze uhloniphe egweba sokuboshwa yinkantolo e uhlobo oluthile sikhungo kwezimilo.
3. Umyalelo wenkantolo icala esitokisini ukuhlela ukusebenza babeboshwa, kanye nabanye abaningana amandla.
4. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa abasebenzi MIS kokukhipha ayesegwetshiwe sasejele.
5. Resocialization iziboshwa nokubuya kwawo eyokwakha umphakathi ngemva kokudonsa isigwebo lobugebengu.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uhlu ngenhla imisebenzi alupheli, njengoba uhlelo lokujeziswa imelelwa izinhlangano legatsha iyona ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise yesayensi ucwaningo nezikhungo we FSIN, amanyuvesi, emizimbeni zokulawula, nokunye.