Isilawuli Samandla isikhawu amamitha kagesi. Ukwahlukanisa kagesi amandla amamitha

Nyanga zonke, umndeni ngamunye uthola irisidi ku isidingo ukukhokha ugesi yokuqothulwa. Omunye ibalwa okusekelwe izinkomba esiphikisayo ngabanye, elinye - for endlini evamile yokwenza ugesi metering. Lapho abantu bethenga indlu bona, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa secondary ingcebo market, njengoba umthetho, abacabangi ukuthi ekhawunteni efakwe elisendlini yabo noma ifulethi, lapho inkathi yesikhathi ukusetshenziswa ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa noMkhiqizo. Futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva zifinyelele ugesi wenkampani imfuneko ukuthi wasondela ukuphila imitha recalibration isikhawu, noma ukuthi kumelwe ithathelwe.

Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi kukhona imibuzo eminingi. Kuphi ukuqala? Kuphi? Ubani kubangele? Uma uthenge idivayisi entsha, yini engcono kakhulu kwekhona emakethe kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene amasevisi? Zama ukuqonda kabanzi kulolu daba.

Uyini isigubhu sikagesi

Idivayisi sokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa abanikazi zokuhlala, izimboni, imboni, ihhovisi AC kagesi noma i-DC. Ngemva ososayensi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene isethi emhlabeni wokuqala ucwaningo, iwashi likagesi kuya AC iye busuka operation mass ngo-1888.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo

Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi exhasa, electronic, amamitha kagesi.

Lokungeniswa aka kudivayisi electromechanical ivumela uhlelo amandla asebenzayo AC. idivayisi imitha yikhoyili wamanje-voltage ikhoyili, amandla kazibuthe phakathi okuyinto ushayela ilungu disc. Ayanda zamanje inetha kanye voltage, plate, ababale nokuvukela kwanoma amandla kagesi sizophenduka. Idivayisi kuyinto ezintathu okhombisa nasezakhini isigaba. Iyatholakala-rate. Okuningi efanelekayo izakhiwo kanye low power ukusetshenziswa. Imizi eminingi namanje ame ugesi amamitha ubudala yalolu hlobo. Kumelwe bethi okuhlala kakhulu - ukuphila kwabo eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-nanhlanu! Uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi ethi akukho okunye, kuleli zwe kukhona abangaba yizigidi ezingu-50 efakwe kumadivayisi lokungeniswa. Phakathi izici ezingezinhle idivayisi kubonakala sengathi angase akunike wobufakazi iphutha, kanye kahle bavikelekile ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe ugesi.

Esikhundleni lokungeniswa eseqala ukuveza emfishane electronic imitha amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi static. idivayisi okunjalo alinganise wamanje kanye voltage ngqo, okuxhunyanwa idatha isibonisi digital kanye inkumbulo. Kuyinto ekahle zokuhlala, amabhizinisi, amahhovisi nge high ugesi ukusetshenziswa. Ingafakwa amakamelo ezibandayo, ngaphandle ukubekezelela kanye izimo lokushisa ongaphakeme. Kuvumela ugesi ukusetshenziswa ukuze zesikhathi ezihlukile: eyodwa-tariff kanye ezimbili-tariff iyatholakala. Lokho, umuntu ehlelweni idivayisi ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Kuqhathaniswa samuntu idivayisi lokungeniswa static has isivikelo ngokumelene ukweba ugesi futhi intengo ephakeme. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, electronic imitha amandla kangako.

Electrodynamic, yena a hybrid, insimbi kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa. Okubhekene izitimela, ujantshi gesi.

Idivayisi ngalinye ukhona Samandla isikhawu. He is in the ezahlukene eminyakeni 6-16. Lapho kokuphela ukuqinisekiswa ugesi liyadingeka.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo amagugu kulinganiswa

Hlukanisa emkhatsini owodwa esigabeni futhi ezintathu okhombisa amamitha. Eyokuqala - 220 V, 50 Hz, kwesibili - 380 V, 50 Hz. amadivaysi ezintathu okhombisa ne-transformer ingafakwa ephezulu voltage izifunda. Modern amadivayisi ezintathu okhombisa ayatholakala nge support for owodwa esigabeni imodi.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo uxhumano

Uxhumano imitha ukuze amandla wesifunda ngqo (ukuxhumeka okuqondile) noma esebenzisa eziklanyelwe ngenjongo yokulinganisa Transformers (transformer nalokhu). For Amadivayisi owodwa esigabeni libhekene inketho lokuqala ezintathu okhombisa - kokubili. Amafulethi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana.

ekilasini ukunemba Ukwahlukanisa

Kukhona amakilasi ezahlukene amamitha kagesi nge ukunemba 2.5; 2.0; 1.0; 0.5; 0.2. Le nkomba yazisa nge kungenzeka Iphutha iphesenti sivumelekile ku izilinganiso. Njengomthetho, it is ebekwe umkhiqizi ewashini.

Old owodwa esigabeni lokungeniswa ithuluzi ipharamitha semvelo sawo 2.5 nge umfutho samanje esingaphansi 30 A. Amadivayisi anjalo zenzelwe ezimali kwamandla kagesi endaweni encane kanye emagcekeni ejele. Kusukela ngo-October 2000, babengakholwa wathumela luhlolo ngenxa amazinga abangahambisani nawo. Ngemva kwesikhathi Samandla lokuqala asakhelwanga imithwalo esindayo, kumele ithathelwe indawo.

Ngoba ezweni lanamuhla ukusiza umuntu baningi "smart" ubuchwepheshe amandla khudlwana, kungakhathaliseki Airpots, imishini yokugeza izitsha, imishini yokuwasha, Multivarki, microwave Ohhavini, Amathosta, imishini computer, kunesidingo amadivayisi ngokunemba ezahlukene. Ngakho, amamitha amasha ugesi ube ngokunemba ekilasini ephakeme ka 2.0 nokuvumela shintshela kwenye ipharamitha: 1.0; 0.5; 0.2. Basuke izimpawu ezithe xaxa samanje-60 A.

tariff ngamunye ugesi amamitha

Lena inkomba ebaluleke kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono. Kukhona-rate nedivayisi multirate. Ukubala lokuqala kukagesi okukhiqizwa, kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sosuku, kuyilapho yokugcina ehilela ukusebenza kudivayisi ngokuvumelana esishintshashintshayo. Ngakho, ukukhululwa imini nobusuku esishintshashintshayo. Okokuqala asethwe isikhawu kusuka amahora 23:00 kuya 07:00, kanti eyesibili kufaka isikhathi isiqongo (kusuka 9:00 kuya 11:00 futhi kusukela 17:00 kuya 19:00) kanye nencenye isiqongo isikhathi (konke okunye). Ngokungangabazeki, amamitha-dual-rate ugesi ezisizayo esengeziwe abathengi, njengoba uvumele ukulondoloza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi.

amadivaysi reprogramming

Endaweni ehlukile, kufanele ishiwo inketho okunjalo, njengoba reprogramming kukagesi. Kuyinto isici multi-tariff amathuluzi. Kukhona esiphezulu ovumelekile idatha izinguquko, ezilawulwa ngezindinganiso osebenzayo. Ngokusho la ukuhlukahluka ekuphambukeni esikhathini sokuphumula akufanele budlule amaminithi angu-7.5. Elisha amahora daylight saving time (ihora elilodwa ngaphambi noma emuva ihora elilodwa) idlula ukubaluleka kuvunyelwe, kodwa nokho esetshenziswa.

Ngo-October 2014, leli zwe zokugcina bashintshele zasebusika lapho kungenakudla, isibe izinguquko unomphela futhi eminye akukwazi. Ngaphambi kokuphela 2014 kungenzeka ukuthi abanikazi izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye okungezona zokuhlala ezidingekayo kulo ukuze likhiqize inqubo ugesi reprogramming, njengoba kusukela ekuqaleni 2015 ku-formula kuhlulekile, futhi Energy Retail Inkampani wayenelungelo lokuthola ukuqhuba ukubala ku eyodwa, undifferentiated ngoba zonke izindawo yangosuku. Nokho, isikhathi lezi zinyathelo uhulumeni enwetshiwe ngonyaka. Inqubo ngokwaso kuhilela umsebenzi ikhishiwe. Okokuqala sidinga ukubuyela umsebenzi Uhlelo evumela kwathatha Daylight Time kokulondoloza, okuyinto isuswe emva 2011 ushintsho konyaka. Khona-ke lolu hlelo kumele zithunyelwe ukuvinjelwa iwashi daylight saving time. Nokho, ekupheleni umsebenzi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa imiphumela imibhalo. Futhi, kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ngaphambi reprogramming ugesi yakhokhwa. Izindleko isilinganiso isevisi zazisuka ruble 400-1000. Isamba sincike uhlamvu isigaba, amaphethini ngamunye kudivayisi ugesi metering. Manje kule ndaba ulawulwa ezingeni sikahulumeni. Qhubeka abanikazi yokuhlala izakhiwo Imali inqubo ngeke ukhokhiswe.

Kungani Siyadinga ngokwesaba ugesi?

Ngamunye idivayisi metering ngazinye ugesi kukhona ukuphila service. Siyeza isikhathi lapho idivayisi ngizodabula practice noma kuthathelwe indawo entsha. Umthetho we Russian Federation (okungukuthi, Ikhodi Ezezindlu, oda ezihlukahlukene Uhulumeni Russian) uthi umthwalo nokugcinwa amamitha kagesi amanga ngokugcwele abanikazi izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye okungezona zokuhlala. Kuyinto esivela kubo ukulawula yokuqinisekisa isikhathi.

Metrology futhi Samandla isikhawu kukagesi - ngalesi sikhathi, kulinganiswa eminyakeni, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho idivayisi kumele isebenze kahle. Kuyinto uhlobo isiqinisekiso izinga izimpahla kubadayisi-umakhi. Ukulinganiswa umnqamulajuqu ebekiwe ngokuqondile technical data sheet. Plaka imvamisa luhlolo onobuhle ezahlukene kungaba buhluka iminyaka 6-16. Umnikazi nezakhiwo ngabaqaphi abo inkulumo ethi, futhi futhi ingathola isikhumbuzi isaziso ukuqinisekiswa inkampani ugesi. Wona-ke, lihlanganisa eziningi izinqubo, okungukuthi Ukudilizwa imitha, ukulethwa yayo kule ezikhethekile egunyaziwe inkonzo laboratory esiklanyelwe le njongo. By endleleni, lokhu iyisevisi ikhokhwe. Ngokusho imiphumela isenzo yayo noma isitifiketi okuzokhishwa kumnikazi emagcekeni, okhombisa kudivayisi KULUNGILE noma cha. Endabeni ilebula ekhethekile holographic ku uphawu noma idatha yi yokuqinisekisa ezilotshwe ishidi idatha zingenziwa kwezindaba ezinhle. Mthetho kumele uthunyelwe supply ehhovisi ugesi, kangangokuthi umbelethisi yanikeza imvume ukusebenza eminye zedivayisi.

Kungase kwenzeke ukuthi umphumela yokuqinisekisa alivumi, imitha kanye idivayisi ayiphelele. Yini okufanele yenziwe? Impela, ukuya esitolo uthenge idivayisi entsha. Kwabe sekulandela ayisebenzisele ukuthengwa kanye ukufakwa. Futhi kangcono ukuphathisa ukufakwa Electricians, hhayi ukuthatha le ndaba bebodwa. Kodwa oplombirovka idivayisi ongayenza mahhala uma ungenawo ubuvila nokubhala isitatimende mayelana nesidingo wakufaka ukusebenza ngqo inkampani ugesi, futhi ngeke isebenzise amasevisi izinhlangano zama-third party. Nokho, ungakwazi iyangena inkinga - ngezinye izikhathi ngenkathi elinde ukufika master zingase zephuze by kakhulu ngendlela ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Phezu isaziso isidingo sokuqinisekisa, kunengqondo ukuba uhlole ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo. Kanti kwezinye izimo kungase kube ngcono nje ukubuyisela idivaysi ubudala kuya kwelisha. Kunoma ikuphi, ayikwazanga ukugwema izindleko wezimali, kuzolandelwa ezimweni zombili.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi esikhundleni the imitha kumele kwenziwe singakapheli isikhathi hhayi inyanga angaphezu kwelilodwa. Ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu ukukhokha ngenxa kagesi idliwe ikhiqizwa, esekelwe umthamo Isilinganiso sanyanga zonke noma ngokuya jikelele isakhiwo iyunithi ezimali, uma ifakiwe ekhaya, nokuningi - inkambiso olulodwa.

Indlela yokubona engaphelele isigubhu sikagesi noma cha, uma inkathi yokuqinisekisa asikafiki?

Kungase kwenzeke ukuthi inkathi yokuqinisekisa asikafiki, bese metering kagesi ayisebenzi. Lokho kungaba yinkinga? Nazi ezinye izizathu ezisobala ngokwehluleka ekusebenzeni kudivayisi:

• idiski ilungu wayeka ukuvula noma cranking uphendulela choppy;
• isibonisi ubonisa amagugu izinkomba;
• uphawu kudivayisi siphukile.

Futhi ngoba inkampani ugesi kubalulekile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi ngamamitha ngabanye amandla chips, imifantu. Akwamukelekile futhi khona ifasitela eliphukile ukubuka ubufakazi.

Ngingaba esikhundleni imitha engaphelele nge entsha, zanamuhla?

Uma wayefisa, futhi ngokubona ongumnikazi wedivayisi ugesi metering kungenziwa umklomelo entsha, isibonelo, endabeni ushintsho-rate esiphikisayo ngoba multirate uma endlini yakho kukhona kugwenywe ukuthathwa kwalezizinto ezimali ugesi. Nakuba Energy Retail Inkampani ayikwazi sizokwenza kubalimi ukuba zithathe lesi. Kodwa isidingo ukukhumbuza isibopho kokuhlola.

Ukushintsha sibali sinye komunye, kubalulekile ukuba ahlukanisa lisebenze ubudala futhi uyivale entsha. Kodwa kukhona omunye caveat - ke unsealing ngaphambilini etholakala ukusetshenziswa kudivayisi. Self unsealing kungavunyelwe, kufanele ushayele Electricians, ozosusa ubufakazi futhi ukukhiqiza le misebenzi. Omunye ujabule: ngonyaka ka-2012, le nqubo Kwenziwa mahhala.

Yikuphi metering ngazinye ugesi ukhethe ukufaka?

Uma kwenzeka isidingo noma isifiso esikhundleni imitha kagesi isidingo sokwazi lokho kwasekuqaleni ukubheka uma ukhetha ke.

• Okokuqala, kufanele ngokushesha sibheke usuku yokuqinisekisa kokuqala, esizolokhu umenzi. Uma idlula izinyanga 24 owodwa esigabeni futhi ezingu-12 ukuze ezintathu okhombisa zikagesi, give up ukuthengwa idivayisi ezifana ukuxilongwa njalo kumele kwenziwe kuye.
• Okwesibili, kubalulekile Samandla Isikhawu ugesi, okuyinto nakanjani ukulawula. Ngemva kule nkathi yesikhathi iyunithi ezocatshangelwa off-design.
• Okwesithathu, ewashini kumele esikhethiweyo ukunemba ekilasini idivayisi.
• Okwesine, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi yini edingekayo tariff. Lonke ulwazi oludingekayo kuhlanganisa imitha imfundo.

Kukhona amamodeli ezehlukene amadivayisi zanamuhla kwezobuchwepheshe ukuba alandise ngala kukagesi. Phakathi ethandwa kakhulu, ezimisiwe bungabonakala ezifana "Granite", "Puma", "Mercury", "iNeva" nabanye. Umumo brand ngamunye nhlobonhlobo. Kukhona kokubili kumadivayisi tariff eyodwa, futhi ezimbili-rate ugesi amamitha. Ungase futhi uthole zobuchwepheshe futhi electromechanical ngemibala ehlukene (omhlophe, grey, omnyama, hybrid) kanye ukuphila service ezahlukene. Konke lokhu kungahluka ukuqinisekisa isikhathi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, Samandla ugesi isikhawu "Mercury 230" kuyinto iminyaka engu-10, le "egwadle 1", "Puma 103" - engu-16. Inani isilinganiso onobuhle ngenhla uyahluka ruble 1000-2500, kodwa ungathola izinto ezibizayo.

Ekuphetheni, singathanda ukuba adonsele ukunakekela okunjalo uhlala ezibalulekile njengoba isikhawu yokulinganisa ugesi. Ngamunye umnikazi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kanye okungezona zokuhlala kufanele baqashwe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kufanele banganakwa ukuze ugweme izikhalazo zokuthi ukhokhelwa ugesi ugesi wenkampani ecebeni tariff noma unezingane amamitha serviceable ngokuphelele ngabanye. Ukulahlekelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi wokulinganisa ezingaqinisekisiwe ezibhekwa off-design kubonakala umthetho sisebenza.