Rootstocks Idume apula izihlahla

Uyini rootstocks for apula, abakwenzayo futhi indlela yokutshala kubo? Zonke lezi imibuzo evame ukubuzwa nangokucacile njengoba kusondela entwasahlobo. ukunakwa okunjalo isihloko ngempela kulingane, ngoba apula engadini yezithelo ukuthi utshala namuhla luyokhula futhi bathele isithelo ngokuphindwe amashumi eminyaka amaningi ngokwengeziwe, futhi ezithela wabeka njengamanje. Yingakho sifuna ukuxoxa ngemininingwane udaba nezokusigcoba ezifana rootstocks for apula izihlahla. Ekuqaleni: zikhule isitoko awukona ngempela, ungakwazi uyithenga. Nokho, udinga ukuba umphakeli okuthembekile yi kwaba njalo okuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, rootstocks ezikhulayo kuphela kungaba umsebenzi ehlukile, kunenzuzo kakhulu ibhajethi yakho. Kungaba ukuthi zikhonza bani ke ukuthengisa.

Uyini isiphunzi

Namhlanje, ngokuchichima ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo apula izihlahla nje isigqoko. Yiqiniso, zonke wensimu ine nezilingo ezinkulu ukukhula endaweni yabo izithelo ezinkulu futhi amnandi. Cishe niyazi kakade ukuthi ukuze zikhule esihlahleni kwamasiko, wena kudingeka nigxilise impahla grade kulungile ngayo zivela kule ndawo futhi uyokwakha. Ngakho kungenzeka ingxenye wanginika (kwegatsha noma izinso) kufanele esiningi Scion, futhi lokho Goma, isiphunzi. Uma unganakile kuphela kubonakala ukuthi sihlume esemqoka kule Duet. Isiphunzi for apula izihlahla nayo ibalulekile kakhulu. Lesi sisekelo lesingiso,, ngesisekelo, lapho kuncike ukuthuthukiswa kanye fruiting. Uma ukhetha okungalungile yisithombo rootstocks futhi awukwazi ukulinda imiphumela.

Yini kungaba rootstocks for apula izihlahla

Manje sekuyisikhathi ukwethula ngezigaba, owawuthi sizakwenza esihlokweni. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo sikhule bona isiphunzi. Le nzalo, noma vegetative. Uyini umehluko oyinhloko? Esimweni sokuqala, igama liyazikhulumela. Imbewu isitokwe - kuwumphumela a atshale imbewu. Ngakho satjala ithambo, noma imbewu, apula futhi wathola kwakunezigqiki ezithambile ezokwenza imbewu amasheya.

Eyesibili inketho - a rootstocks clonal. Bona ukukhiqiza kabusha by layering noma cuttings, it is ngakho wasebenzisa kakhulu njalo uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye, ngoba ekhula isikhathi esincane oqothulayo. Zonke rootstocks clonal zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili - sredneroslye yemifino. Lokho apula izihlahla on rootstocks into encane nge kubonakale kukhanga kakhulu, kodwa zidinga investimenti kakhulu. Kusukela wensimu uzodinga imishini futhi isekela inhlangano ngenkasa kanye control inkathazo kulo lonke ekuphileni yensimu. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuba abalandeli ukhethe ukukhula medium noma rootstocks ezinkulu.

Umsuka rootstocks clonal

Empeleni akuyona isimangaliso genetic engineering. Wabonakala ngenxa ezifanelekayo ukufuya izinhlobo ezintsha futhi landa lisuka imbewu. Kungani ku abalimi esikhathini esizayo unqume ukushintsha indlela yabo ukuveza? Iqiniso lokuthi izithombo landa lisuka imbewu angase pereopylilis nezinye izihlahla apula bese izici ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthengwa wempova ukukhula olunzulu. Kodwa cloning kuqinisekisa izihlahla ezikhulayo, okuzokwenza ukulondoloza amandla futhi andise izindawo uhlobo Kuye kwatholakala le isitokwe ephelele. rootstocks Clonal apula izihlahla kabanzi cishe kuyo yonke indawo, wonke umnotho bekwi etshalwa in zokugcina izihlahla abasha nge esiphelweni vegetative, bese ukuzidayisa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi okudayisa ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Yikuphi izinhlobo Site indima stock

Lokhu inkinga ehlukile futhi idinga ukunakwa. Top apula rootstocks - kuba linesizotha, izinhlobo eziqinile azokhulisa kahle ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke sezulu. Ngakho-ke, iningi imbewu zithathwa Antonovka ezivamile. Futhi efanelekayo le njongo Kitaika noma anise. Uma bengekho, kodwa wanikela Grushovka eMoscow noma Borovinka, ke, futhi, kungathatha ngokuphepha. Kungani kubo? Self-kulinywe, kungukuthi asetshenziswa, ngoba izithelo alithandeki kakhulu. Nokho, lezi zihlahla ziba sithunywa undemanding futhi livikela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Ucabangani, ukuthi uma njengomuntu isitokwe ukuthatha yisithombo landa lisuka ukushisa-onothando imbewu, izinhlobonhlobo aseningizimu, futhi ngeke itshalwe ngumgogodla Russia? Yiqiniso, ebusika kuqala iqina, kanye uhlelo impande. Ngakho khetha kuphela izinhlobo zendawo noma regionalized, ingashintshwa ukuze izimo ezithile.

Umehluko yembewu rootstocks clonal

Growing apula rootstocks sicabanga ngezansi ngemininingwane enkulu, kodwa okwamanje ake nje uxoxisane umehluko phakathi rootstocks esekhulile ngandlela-thile. Landa lisuka rootstocks imbewu kakhulu ukumelana nezifo kanye izimo zezulu, kodwa izihlahla kuwo ungene kubo kamuva angene ophawulekayo. Ngokuvamile kuba iminyaka 6-7 emva betshala futhi umkhiqizo ngokugcwele ngemva kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni 10-12. Kodwa lokhu engadini ziyojabula iminyaka 30-40 ubudala.

Njengoba sitoko kabi bufaneleke ihlathi apula, ngoba uhlelo impande kancane branched kuka e izinhlobo kutshalwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izihlahla ukufakelwa enjalo ukubekezelela zimbi kakhulu. Kudingeka nokuba acabangele imiphumela, okungukuthi isivuno, okumele ulethe i apula. Imbewu isitokwe futhi, ngokunjalo, Imithi etshalwe kuzo, abe isivuno elinganiselwe elingamathani angaba ngu-15-20 ehektheleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlahla zikhule esikhulu, futhi ingxenye umqhele akunakudluliswa elikhiqizayo, nakuba amagatsha lwamathambo kanye poluskeletnye futhi zidinga amandla.

Vegetative noma clonal, rootstocks apula izihlahla - a godsend yangempela kilabo abakhula izingadi ezinkulu, lapho ezithela ifakwa ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Izihlahla kubo babe nokukhula nokulinganisela futhi ukubukeka ekuseni. Izinhlobonhlobo vegetative rootstocks eziningi, ngayinye has izici zayo siqu, ngakho-ke sizobe ukukhuluma ngamunye wabo eceleni.

rootstocks yemifino

Apple izihlahla ku isiphunzi yemifino zihlukaniswe amaqembu 5 ngokuvumelana namandla sokukhula. M8 - kungcono ukubukeka kakhulu zakuqala kakhulu nezithelo rootstocks yemifino for apula izihlahla. Ababona kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi vele ukuthi banayo olukha phezulu ohlelweni impande. Basuke wavuma usufikile emhlabathini, hhayi ukumelana nesomiso kanye izimfuno eliphezulu kwenhlabathi nasekulondolozweni. Uma komhlaba amanga eliphezulu kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuzama ukhule ensimini. Apple izithombo ku isiphunzi yemifino zikhule futhi sesingasebenza ngonyaka wesibili, Nokho, lezi zihlahla zibizwa neze ukubekezelela nesomiso kanye zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo, njengoba amagatsha ngaphandle ukuthembela kalula aphambane ngaphansi Isisindo izithelo zasehlobo, kanti ebusika ngo iqhwa.

I-M27 - a isiphunzi superkarlikovy, okuyinto cishe never asetshenziswe izingadi nekhaya izingadi. Izinkuni ke ulula kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, le kuholela yokuthi izitshalo ngokuvamile sokudiliza, uwagcine nzima kakhulu. Izihlahla kule isiphunzi kufanele umqhele kancane kakhulu ukuthi akakhulumi esivuna ephezulu fruiting.

D-1071 - ungesinye isibonelo esihle, sidluliselwe IDonetsk Research Station. Lona ngumphumela yokweqa M9 nge Anise grade velvet. Ukukhula nesizotha, fruiting ngonyaka wesithathu, isivuno eliphezulu kakhulu, ukwedlula emfanele ukuqashelwa balimi. Ukumelana Frost kuyinto eyanelisayo, uyazibekezelela nesomiso.

Waqaphela njengoba umholi izingadi Russian - M9

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ukulima isiphunzi M9 (Paradizka 9). umsuka wayo ayaziwa, kodwa eduze izinhlobo, ezikhulayo Georgia. Ihambisana nawo yiluphi uhlobo esitokisini, elibangela kwayo. Ngezinye izithombo ukuxhumelela endaweni ngokuvamile akhiwa neziqu, kodwa lokhu kungaphazamisi inqubo evamile ukuphulukiswa. Apple izihlahla ku isiphunzi yemifino ukubukeka ekuseni kakhulu izithelo, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu uma engadini itshalwe izizathu zentengiso. Ukukhiqiza uphakeme kakhulu, okuningi ephakeme kunamanye rootstocks yemifino. Ukuvikeleka izihlahla - iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Ekupheleni kwaleyo nkathi, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kusengaphambili izithombo ezintsha, hhayi baphelelwe kwezitshalo. Lesi sitoko nesomiso nemithi, kodwa ngikhetha ngokweqile kakhulu umhlabathi okuzala. Kuhle imiphumela etholakala on nenhlabathi, ngokucebile avundiswe Vermicompost. On ukukhanya, enesihlabathi esiningi noma ezisindayo ubumba nenhlabathi ayibi nhlobo. Kuleli isiphunzi ezikahle esezikhulile sredneroslye apula izinhlobo. M9 olumelana powdery isikhutha kanye utwayi, kodwa ngokuvamile kakhulu ehlaselwe aphid namagundane. Apple isiphunzi M9 yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi ukulima eRussia emaphakathi, ingashintshwa ukuze izimo zezulu. Futhi izihlahla kule isiphunzi evamile ukuzizwa eSiberia, kuphela nobusika obubanda kakhulu kunazo kukhona ingozi okokuqandisa.

rootstocks lulwimi into encane

Apple izihlahla isiphunzi lulwimi yemifino efanelekayo zizalela. Abenzi lutho ngakho afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye of ukuthambisa avamile namaphayona akhethekile imishini ukhuni izisekelo. Lapho rootstocks kuphela abangu ezifuywa M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, baqala kabanzi emasimini. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo abe inombolo yokuntula, ngenxa okuyinto futhi walahlekelwa udumo lwawo. Okokuqala banalo kucedvwa ezimbi, sensitive waterlogging, ngakho emathafeni kabi ukuhanjwa zokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke ifomu impande amahlumela ukuthi akuzona kakhulu okunethezekayo wensimu.

Nokho,-semi yemifino apula isiphunzi - kulula kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi kulesi siqondiso baqhubeka futhi wathathelwa indawo UH-102. Ukuze lolu hlobo sawela North isithunywa M1. Umphumela waba isitokwe esesikhundleni kwedivayisi kakhulu nge zonke izinhlobo zemithi kuso ukubukeka ekuqaleni izithelo kanye isivuno. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo impande kuthatha eningi isikhala, it is kahle branched, ngakho ukusekela kwesihlahla ayidingekile. Frost impande kwakusho, ume kuze degrees -10. It liyakuthethelela nesomiso ngenxa uhlelo impande evuthiwe. Kodwa waterlogging isikhathi eside moorland singayibhubhisa engadini esizayo.

Isilinganiso ukuphakama rootstocks

Eqinisweni, umahluko ophakathi kwala rootstocks lulwimi yemifino kanye srednerosloe mncane kakhulu. Omabili ahlala avela lesikahle for izingadi. Izithelo Yiqiniso, kufanele ulinde isikhashana eside, kodwa izitshalo enjalo ngcono kakhulu ezovumelana nezimo isiRashiya, ukubekezelela kahle kwakheke isithwathwa ezithela ezahlukene. Clonal apula rootstocks ivumela ukuthola ezinkulu eziningi izithombo banezimfanelo izakhiwo ezifanayo lecinisekisa umphumela elikhulu ngesakhiwo.

MM-104 ezikhiqizwa e-England bewela izinhlobonhlobo Northern M2 futhi ayohlola. It kungokwalabo ukukhula naphakathi elibangise eyingqabavu futhi on nenhlabathi nenzalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. apula izithombo kwi isitokwe ekuseni angene ukuzala, kodwa isivuno kancane kuka, isibonelo, MW isilinganiso 106. Frost, ukumelana okushisa afinyelela ku -12 degrees. M-111 zazivela England nase uyasithembisa ngokuba indawo eningizimu ye-Ukraine. Alnarp (A2) - isiphunzi eqinile-ezikhulayo, okuyinto umkhankaso eSweden. Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo at 3-4 iminyaka, isivuno high. Ukumelana Frost - kuze kube -14 degrees. It liyakuthethelela ukusondela komhlaba ingeyona a izithombo impande. Njengoba ubona, apula kunzima ngisho uhlu ezihlukahlukene rootstocks, ngakho eziningi zazo namuhla.

ukuphakama Isilinganiso ukukhethwa isitokwe Russian

Konke lokhu izinhlobo i ukumelana isilinganiso kwakheke isithwathwa cishe akukho okusindayo kithi e izimo yeSiberia. Nokho, ukutshala apula rootstocks - lena umsebenzi ethembisa kakhulu lapho abalimi abanentshisekelo futhi Russian. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo enhle kakhulu naphakathi isitokwe ukukhula, okuyinto ilungele izimo Russian wethulwa. Kuyinto iyahambisana kahle izinhlobo kunazo owaziwa, drought- ngokwanele kanye frost nemithi, ie ingasetshenziswa icebo lakho engadini. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, kuzodingeka sama-apula esithelayo esihlahleni. Isiphunzi 118 fixed kahle enhlabathini futhi ayidingi ukweseka okwengeziwe. Amahlumela impande, ambalwa kakhulu, okuyinto ekahle kakhulu yesondlo. Kudinga izihlahla njalo phansi-ukugcina isihlahla phakathi kwamamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Izihlahla kule isiphunzi ngokushesha imile izimpande, ukukhula ngokushesha futhi kahle fructify.

amasheya Likhula

Uma unquma ukwenza ngokwakho, uzodinga ukulungiselela kusengaphambili imbewu. Apples kumelwe asuswe esihlahleni, lapho imbewu iyoba ensundu. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi izithelo uvuthwe ngokuphelele. Isithelo kuyadingeka ukuchoboza ugeze nge amanzi amaningi. imbewu ezivuthiwe ukuhlala ezansi. Manje fun okuyingxenye: imbewu kufanele wakubo, ukuthi is phansi okushisa aphansi, kodwa onomoya omnene kuka uma une kubo itshalwe ngqo phansi, kungakangeni ubusika.

Ukuze apula izihlahla zidinga izinsuku ezingu-90 babhekane nezinga elikhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu ngosuku emanzini, bese exutshwe isihlabathi noma Peat futhi sihlanzeke eshalofini phansi imbala. Ngokuvamile hlola izinga umswakama, kanye kuvusa, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela-mpilo. Kokutshala imbewu uma bephawula ukuthi siqale ukuba aphule eggshell. Uma uke kahle kubalwa isikhathi, kumele kube no-April - ekuqaleni kuka May, lapho kungenziwa itshalwe ngqo phansi. Lapha ngeke bachithe ehlobo yabo yokuqala bahlale khona ubusika ngokuphepha. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uzobe izithombo ngomumo, angasetshenziswa njengendlela isiphunzi. Incazelo apula rootstocks, sikunikeze kuphela ingxenye, kodwa ungabheka ireferensi ulwazi, ukuqoqa ulwazi olumayelana nezinhlobo endaweni yangakini.

Growing rootstocks clonal

Lapha, konke kulula kakhulu. Udinga nje kuphela ukuthenga isitokwe ngomumo eyenziwe wanquma onesiqongo. Ukutshala apula isiphunzi kufanele kwenziwe yotshwala umama, lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka engu-10 uzokunika izinqubo ezintsha. Kwaba isikhathi esithile enjalo kuyadingeka ukubhuka kusengaphambili kule ndawo. Ukuze yotshwala akazange ivumelane esindayo, ubumba umhlabathi, sandy kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyoba ithuba ekahle, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi isimo ukuthambisa njalo. Qaphela ukuthi kanye isitokwe sithatha lisemhlabathini omningi izakhi, kangangokuthi izwe e yotshwala umama ngokushesha okukhulu isiphelile. Ngakho-ke njalo wenze umquba, sawdust notshani, ibolile umquba. Lapha, umuntu oqala ukuphikisana ngokuthi sawdust acidifying inhlabathi, kodwa isihlahla sama-apula ibekezelelwe kahle izimo ezinjalo.

Bangaki amasheya udinga uzibonele okusekelwe izidingo zakho siqu. Uma udinga utshwala enkulu, ibanga phakathi imigqa ukuba bagcine mayelana 150 cm. Ngeke utshale isihlahla, futhi isihlahla. Ngaphambi betshala bambe inkatho encane mayelana 8 cm, ne-carbon abamnyama kulo ngakwesokudla ibanga isiphunzi. Ngokushesha emva kokutshala, nginqume ke ezingeni ukuphakama 30 cm wokuqala izitshalo ngonyaka umsebenzi -. Awu imile izimpande, ngakho akukho zokukhwabanisa lutholakala. Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, usike isiqu ukuphakama 5-7 cm kusuka ezingeni phansi. Ukubuyiselwa izinso eqala ukukhula amahlumela, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-15 cm, badinga afafaze phansi. Nge ukukhula kudingeka ukuba kuze yotshwala okungenani amanye amabili izikhathi. Qiniseka imanzise umhlabathi ngaphambi kwalo noma igquma ngemuva kwemvula. In autumn ungathatha cuttings futhi ukulungele ngibatshale ngokwehlukile. Ngemva kwalokho kudingeka ugcwalise ingxenye engavikelekile bomhlaba oludakayo. Entwasahlobo akudingekile uyephuza kuvulwa sezihlahla ekwindla lokufafaza, + hhayi uyephuza Awakening of ithule efihlekile. Ngakho, ingadi yakho kungaba njalo lunikezwe impahla cishe khulula ukutshala apula eliphezulu. Uma une ndawo enkulu, lesi sifundo kungenzeka ekuqaleni ibhizinisi inzuzo.

Kufinyeta

Orchard - akuyona nje umhlobiso wangempela endaweni yakho suburban, kodwa futhi umthombo apula, lapho ungakwazi Thenga ebusika, kanye imali enhle xaxa. Okokuqala ukhethe isigaba ongathanda ukukhula endaweni. Thola ukuthi yini izimo ezidingekayo ukuze nokukhula okuvamile futhi fruiting. Ekugcineni, thola umuthi umzali, lapho ungase kungathatha indaba for ngokuxhunyelelwa. Manje ungaqala ukubheka amasheya. Yiqiniso, kumele kuhlanganiswe nomunye. Ukuze akhule kusukela imbewu isiphunzi - enzima futhi emide, ngcono kakhulu ukuthenga ohlangeni efanelekayo wakufaka yotshwala. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kuzodingeka izithombo abasha, isilungele ngokugoma. Qaphela ukuthi isitokwe kufanele kuhle zivumelana izici zezulu wesifunda sakho, kungenjalo vymerznet isitshalo.

Bunake ulwazi kanye izimpande zawo. Lunemicu esisogwini ebusweni ibonisa ukuthi sitshalo undersized, ngeke usinde nesomiso kanye uzodinga ukusekelwa. Izitshalo kanye core system evuthiwe, ngokuphambene ngeke akubekezelele ezindaweni ezimanzi, emathafeni nge komhlaba angajulile.