Isitshalo etshalwayo - Iyini?

izitshalo kutshalwa - yilokhu abantu etshalwa ngokuqondile kamuva siguqulwa ukudla, ifolishi nemithi, izinto zezimboni eluhlaza nokuningi. Ngokujwayelekile, kubonakala kuletha eningi inzuzo ukuze indoda.

kulinywe

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo lenqwaba izitshalo ukuthi abantu wathola, domesticating futhi uhlakulele zasendle. Bala kubo kungaba eside kakhulu. Culturing kuhlanganisa-genetic engineering, hybridization futhi Ukukhetha. Zonke lezi zindlela kuvamile kakhulu namuhla. Abantu baye bafunda okuzuza okuthuthukisiwe ezidliwayo izitshalo abakwazi ishiwo zawo zasendle "izihlobo." Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezindlela eziningi.

Izici izitshalo kutshalwa futhi zasendle

izitshalo KWEMASIKO zasendle - kukhona imiqondo ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Bona akumelanga siphanjaniswe. Ezimweni eziningi okhokho baso zasendle izitshalo kutshalwa ayifanele yokudla nokupheka. Abantu engozini ukudla uma nje lapho silambile, ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo ukudla. Nokho, uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezinye izitshalo zasendle babe ukuphulukiswa izakhiwo kanye iletha izinzuzo emzimbeni, okuyinto into evamile "inzalo" yabo kwamasiko. KubaluleKile ukuze azi.

Adume ncwadi Vavilov

Esikhathini magazini we "maphakathi umsuka", olwasungulwa Vavilov kahle wakhuluma ukuguqulwa zezitshalo zasendle namasiko. Kanti akuwona yini ezithakazelisayo ngijwayele kanjani inqubo? Kuyo le ncwadi, ungakwazi ukubuka izithombe esibonisa izitshalo. Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa jikelele kunconywa ukucabanga lokho abayikho like zasendle noma zihluke kubo. izitshalo eziningi kwezitshalo bazalelwa laboratories, lapho ososayensi baye esephetha kubo. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bona kwenziwe uhlu lwazo zonke inyuka, kwanezela amagama amasha, ngokuzalanisa futhi genetic engineering ngokushesha asathuthuka.

Ososayensi ukunikeza labantu nge ezandayo izitshalo ukuthi Site ukudla. Lezi zihlanganisa nzalo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo.

Centre Lokudabuka

Lokhu indawo yokuhlala lapho semali ukuhlangabezana labo kanye nokunye ukwahlukahlukana yalo. Ekuqaleni Vavilov kuchazwe izindawo ezifana eziyisishiyagalombili. Nokho, ezincwadini kamuva, wakhuluma ngezici eziyisikhombisa. Wonke umuntu kumele okungenani ukwazi kancane nge-kubo.

1. Tropical esifundeni South Asian. Ngiziphi iinarha ze-eyakhe lapha? Tropical eNdiya, eNingizimu ye-China, Indo-China, isiqhingi South-East Asia. Lesi sikhungo kuphawuleka ngenxa yobuningi umxhwele izitshalo kutshalwa (mayelana 1/3 ye yonke evulekile manje zezinto eziphilayo). Lapha ungathola omningi imifino nezithelo, kanye umoba.
2. esifundeni Asian East. Yisiphi isimo Kuhlanganisani? Eastern futhi emaphakathi neChina, Taiwan, eJapane, eKorea. Sikhula kabhontshisi sidle imifino nezithelo, ezinye izinhlobo amabele. Le ndawo futhi kwande kakhulu - 20% isivuno bagxila kule zoni. Umxhwele, akunjalo? A izitshalo kutshalwa - yilokhu? Lokhu, njengoba sithole ngaphambili, labo bantu zikhule, ukuphishekela imigomo ethile kungabi.
3. South-West esifundeni Asian. Yini ephathelene? Okokuqala, i-Minor nase-Asia Ephakathi, Afghanistan, Iran, North-West India. Kwakukhona abanye izinhlobo kakolweni, semali okusanhlamvu, amagilebhisi, i-rye, ubhontshisi, izithelo. Kule ndawo ikhula 14% ye izitshalo kutshalwa, owaziwa emhlabeni.
4. saseMedithera. Lesi simo, bahlakazeka ogwini lolwandle. Le ndawo, lapho ezinethonya kunazo ngempucuko yasendulo, ukhiqiza cishe 11% of the izinhlobo kutshalwa flora. Lezi zihlanganisa omnqumo, imifino eziningi (isb, iklabishi), futhi inani elikhulu izitshalo senzelwe ukudla (udali akujabulela, clover). Lena indawo obehlale, okuyinto feeds kithi. Isimila kutshalwa - yingcebo ezweni.
5. esifundeni Abyssinian. Lena indawo sasivumela encane kwelivekati le-Afrika nge izitshalo engavamile kakhulu. Cishe, lokhu kuyinto isikhungo sokuqala ubudala wezolimo. Lapha sikhule amabele, chickpeas (oilseed), uhlobo oluthile lwento ephilayo zikabhanana, ezinye izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo yebhali nezingcezwana kakolweni.
6. Central esifundeni American. Lokhu kuhlanganisa South eMexico. Le ndawo amumethe corn, ukhokho, ubhontshisi, eside okuyisisekelo ukotini, abanye ithanga. Lapha sikhule mayelana 90 izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezimila kutshalwa. Lona impela eningi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo kutshalwa - lena yokuziphilisa zethu, ngakho-ke okufanele sibaphathe ngayo ngokucophelela flora.
7. South American (Andes) esifundeni. Kusukela isihloko kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kubhekisela isikhungo. Kuhlanganisa ezinye izindawo ezisezintabeni Andes kanye olusentshonalanga South America. Lapha, inani elikhulu tuberous (isibonelo, amazambane), izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha (Cinchona, coca ehlathini nokunye. D.). flora Local ahlukahlukene. Kukuhle ukuthi sifuna yiphi indawo okungukuthi ngakho ophanayo, njengoba otshaliwe isitshalo - ke okungukuthi into ngaphandle esasingenakuthemba bukhoma.

isiphetho

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho izitshalo, futhi nanini siphambanise nabo endle. Uyazi abanye amagama abo. Lolu lwazi kudingeka sikhumbule, ukuthi nakanjani singaba usizo kabi ngesikhathi ukuphila.